List of Persepolis F.C. players
Encyclopedia
This is a list of notable players who have played for Persepolis Football Club by decade.

Notable players



1963 to 1980s Ali Parvin
Ali Parvin
Ali Parvin , born September 25, 1947 in Tehran) is a retired Iranian football player, coach and a current administrator. He is one of the most famous footballers ever to play in Iran, and is regarded as one of the best from Iran.-Club career:...

  Homayoun Behzadi
Homayoun Behzadi
Homayoun Behzadi is a retired Iranian footballer. He usually played as a striker.-Career:Behzadi first broke into the Shahin F.C. side when he was only 16 years old. He played for Shahin until 1966, when - due to financial problems - Shahin closed...

  Ebrahim Ashtiani
Ebrahim Ashtiani
Ebrahim Ashtiani is a former Iranian football player. His son Ardalan Ashtiani is also a football player.Ashtiani won the Asia Cup in Thailand in 1972 as well as the football tournament of the Asian Games 1974 in Tehran...

  Hossein Kalani
Hossein Kalani
Hossein Kalani is a retired Iranian football striker who played for Shahin, Persepolis, Paykan Tehran, Shahbaz and the Iran national football team.Visit his family website at http://www.ghaffaris.com...

  Mahmoud Khordbin
Mahmoud Khordbin
Mahmoud Khordbin is an Iranian retired football player. He is team manager of Persepolis since 1980.-Club career:...

  Safar Iranpak
Safar Iranpak
Safar Iranpak was an Iranian football striker who played for Persepolis and the Iran national football team. He was born in Masjed Soleyman.He died on January 30, 2009 in Stockholm, Sweden from lung cancer....

  Bijan Zolfagharnasab
Bijan Zolfagharnasab
Bijan Zolfagharnasab is a retired Iranian football player and currently a football manager.He started his professional career with Pas Tehran, before changing to Persepolis F.C. in 1974. There he could win the Iranian championship in 1976 and reach runner-up position in 1975, in 1977 and in 1978...

  Hamid Jasemian
Hamid Jasemian
Hamid Jasemian born August 25, 1937 in Abadan, Iran is a retired Iranian football player.He played for Shahin Abadan, Shahin F.C. and Persepolis F.C.. He was a center defender and when he played in Abadan, denied Taj offer and joined Shahin F.C.. He is Persepolis' first ever captain.-References:...

  Javad Allahverdi
Javad Allahverdi
Javad Allahverdi is a retired Iranian footballer. He is of Iranian Azeri ethnicity.- Club career :Allahverdi started his career playing for Taj F.C.. There he could win the Asian Championship Club Tournament in 1970; he also won the Iranian league in 1971 as well as the second place in 1974.After...

  Mohammad Sadeghi
Mohammad Sadeghi
Mohammad Sadeghi is a retired Iranian football player.-Club career:He played for Gomrok Ahvaz F.C., Pas F.C., Persepolis F.C. and Shahin F.C.. He was one of the key players of Pas winning the Iranian Takht Jamshid in 1977 and 1978, of Persepolis F.C...

  Mohammad Dadkan
Mohammad Dadkan
Dr. Mohammad Hossein Dadkan is an football player, having spent most of his playing career in Persepolis FC. He served as President of the Islamic Republic of Iran Football Federation from April 2002 until April 2006....

  Aziz Asli
Aziz Asli
Aziz Aslimanesh is an Iranian retired football goalkeeper, manager and actor with an Azeri descent. He played for Daraei F.C. and then joined Persepolis F.C. for rest of his career. He also capped for Team Melli. On January 7, 1971 he smacked the referee in Tehran derby.He acted in many films in...

  Jafar Kashani
Jafar Kashani
Jafar Kashani, born Jafar Ashraf Kashani on March 21, 1944 in Tehran, Iran is a retired Iranian football player. he was scouted by Dr.Abbas Ekrami, Shahin F.C.'s founder when he was only 16. After Shahin's dissolution he joined Persepolis F.C. and played until 1974 when he was captain...

  Parviz Ghelichkhani
Parviz Ghelichkhani
Parviz Ghelichkhani is an Azeri- Iranian retired football player and former captain of Iran national football team. He is now based in France, where he is the editor and publisher of a political magazine.-Club career:He played for Alborz F.C...

  Nazem Ganjapour
Nazem Ganjapour
Nazem Ganjapour born March 22, 1943 in Ahwaz, Khuzestan, Iran is a retired Iranian football player. In the last match of Shahin F.C., against Tehranjavan F.C., he scored a hat trick. After this he joined Persepolis. Now he is a scout and coaches youth clubs....

  Hamid Shirzadegan
Hamid Shirzadegan
Hamid Shirzadeghan was an Iranian football player. He was one of the most famous footballers ever to play in Iran. During his career, he was nicknamed Paa Talaaee .-Club career:...

  Mehrab Shahrokhi
Mehrab Shahrokhi
Mehrab Shahrokhi was an Iranian footballer born in Ahvaz, Iran.He was an African Iranian. He was nicknamed The Black Bomber because of his style of play and black skin.-Club career:Shahrokhi began his football career in his birthplace, Ahvaz, playing for Shenaye Ahvaz Club...

  Buyuk Vatankhah
Buyuk Vatankhah
Buyuk Vatankhah or Ezzatollah Vatankhah is a retired Iranian football player and currently a scouter. He has played in Rah Ahan F.C., Taj, Shahin F.C. and Persepolis F.C.. After he retired in 1972, he became manager of Persepolis F.C. U20 team and then selected as first-team manager in 1976...

  Reza Vatankhah
Reza Vatankhah
Reza Vatankhah Born February 8, 1947 in Tehran, Iran is a retired Iranian football player. He played for Persepolis F.C. as a left winger, and is now a manager. His elder brother Buyuk was also a member and captain of Persepolis F.C.....

 Alan Whittle
Alan Whittle
Alan Whittle is a retired English football player. He played for Everton F.C., Crystal Palace F.C., Leyton Orient F.C., Persepolis F.C. and A.F.C. Bournemouth. He is usually played in the midfielder position....



1980s Farshad Pious
Farshad Pious
Farshad Pious is a retired Iranian football player who was a striker for a number of clubs in Iran, most notably Persepolis F.C., as well as Iran national football team.-Club career:...

 Mohammad Panjali
Mohammad Panjali
Seyed Mohammad Panjali Qomi is retired Iranian footballer and a football coach. He played for Bargh Tehran, Fath Tehran, F.C. Aboomoslem, Persepolis FC and the Iran national football team, where he made 45 appearances. He usually played in the defender position.-References:...

 Mohammad Hassan Ansarifard
Mohammad Hassan Ansarifard
Mohammad Hassan Ansarifard is a former Iranian football player, having played in Persepolis F.C. and the Iranian national football team. He is currently the chairman of Rah Ahan F.C.. He is the younger brother of Abbas Ansarifard.-Playing career:...

 Zia Arabshahi
Zia Arabshahi
Seyed Zia Arabshahi is a retired Iranian football midfielder. He is a former member of the Iranian national team.-Club career:At the age of 16, he joined Pas Tehran. After three years he was transferred to Persepolis FC, where he played for several seasons until 1990.-International career:He...

 Mohsen Ashouri
Mohsen Ashouri
Mohsen Ashouri born January 2, 1965 in Noshahr, Mazandaran, Iran is a retired Iranian football player and current scout.-References:...

 Karim Bavi
Karim Bavi
Karim Bavi is a retired Iranian footballer. He was one of the most successful strikers of the Iran national football team despite his short playing career.-Club career:...

 Hamid Derakhshan
Hamid Derakhshan
Hamid Derakhshan is a retired Iranian football player and now manager. He was a midfielder for a number of clubs, most notably Persepolis F.C. as well as the Iran national football team.-Club career:Derakhshan started his club career with Persepolis F.C....

 Mohammad Mayeli Kohan
Mohammad Mayeli Kohan
Mohammad Mayeli Kohan is a retired Iranian football player and now coach.- Early life:He was born on 5 June 1953 in Bandar-e Anzali in Iran. His father was a farmer. He has two brothers and one sister...

 Nader Mohammadkhani
Nader Mohammadkhani
Nader Mohammadkhani is a retired Iranian football player.He played for the Iran national football team and was a participant at the 1998 FIFA World Cup...

 Naser Mohammadkhani
Naser Mohammadkhani
Naser Mohammadkhani was an Iranian football Striker.-Awards and honours:Country*Top Goal Scorer 1984 AFC Asian Cup*Fourth Place 1984 AFC Asian Cup with Iran national football team...

 Mojtaba Moharrami
Mojtaba Moharrami
Mojtaba Moharrami is a former Iranian football player and now coach. He is current head coach of Steel Azin B.Moharrami made 37 appearances for the Iran national football team.....

 Behrouz Soltani
Behrouz Soltani
Behrouz Soltani born December 31, 1957 in Tehran, Iran is a retired Iranian goalkeeper. He competed in the football tournament of the Asian Games in Delhi in 1982 as well as in the Asian Cup 1984 in Singapore....


1990s Ali Daei
Ali Daei
Ali Daei is an Iranian retired football player and former national team coach who currently manages a local Iranian team, Rah Ahan. He is a former captain of the Iran national football team, and is the world's all-time leading goalscorer in international matches...

 Mehdi Mahdavikia
Mehdi Mahdavikia
Mehdi Mahdavikia is an Iranian football player who plays for Damash Gilan in the Iranian Pro League. He has won Asian Young Footballer of the Year award in 1997, as well as Asian Footballer of the Year in 2003. He was the captain of the Iran national football team from 2006 to 2009, and currently...

 Karim Bagheri
Karim Bagheri
Karim Bagheri is a retired professional Iranian player, most notably playing for Persepolis in the Iran Pro League. He was known as a two-footed midfielder and is famous for his powerful and thundering long range shots and free kicks.-Early years:...

 Ahmad Reza Abedzadeh
Ahmad Reza Abedzadeh
Ahmadreza Abedzadeh is a retired Iranian football goalkeeper. He played for Esteghlal F.C., Sepahan F.C., Persepolis F.C. and the Iranian national football team.Abedzadeh is one of the best known goalkeepers in Iranian football history...

 Hamid Estili Ali Karimi
Ali Karimi
Mohammad Ali Karimi Pashaki better known as Ali Karimi, is an Iranian professional footballer who is currently playing for Persepolis in Iran Pro League. He was awarded the Asian Footballer of the Year in 2004....

 Khodadad Azizi
Khodadad Azizi
Khodadad Azizi is an Iranian retired professional football striker and a current coach.-International career:Azizi represented Iran at the 1996 Asian cup, 1998 FIFA World Cup, and the 2000 Asian Cup...

 Behzad Dadashzadeh
Behzad Dadashzadeh
Behzad Dadashzadeh, born June 22, 1975, is a retired Iranian football player and now manager. He was a midfielder for a number of clubs, most notably Persepolis F.C. as well as the Iran national football team.- Club career :...

 Afshin Peyrovani
Afshin Peyrovani
Mohammad Ali "Afshin" Peyravani is a retired Iranian footballer and a football coach. He is the younger brother of Gholam Peyrovani and elder brother of Amir Hossein Peyrovani.-Club career:...

 Yahya Golmohammadi
Yahya Golmohammadi
Yahya Golmohammadi is a retired Iranian football player. His position usually was the central defender. He is currently with Tarbiat Yazd as a manager and has now retired from the Iranian national football team...

 Edmond Bezik
Edmond Bezik
Edmond Bezik is an Armenian-Iranian footballer. He was played for Persepolis, Sepahan and Ararat Tehran and was a member of Iran national football team.-Club career:...

 Hamed Kavianpour
Hamed Kavianpour
Hamed Kavianpour is a retired Iranian professional football player.-Club career:He has played most of his career for Persepolis FC where he had several good seasons, playing in the midfield with his great skill and dribbling...

 Mohammad Khakpour
Mohammad Khakpour
-Football career:Khakpour played for a few clubs, including Persepolis FC, Pas Tehran, Vanspor, Geylang United and MetroStars . He played for the Iran national football team and was a participant at the 1998 FIFA World Cup....

 Reza Shahroudi
Reza Shahroudi
Reza Shahroudi is a retired Iranian football player.He played mostly for Persepolis. Shahroudi made 40 appearances for the Iran national football team and participated at 1998 FIFA World Cup....

  Mehrdad Minavand
Mehrdad Minavand
Mehrdad Minavand Chal is a retired Iranian football player, and currently a pop singer.-Club career:He played for a few clubs, including Keshavarz F.C., Persepolis FC, Sturm Graz , SC Charleroi and Al-Shabab as well as Sepahan...

 Ali Ansarian
Ali Ansarian
-Club career:After playing for Persepolis F.C. for several seasons, in July 2006 he joined the club's fierce rival, Esteghlal F.C.. On July 22, 2007 he signed with Azadegan League Steel Azin F.C. for reportedly $150,000...

  Mehdi Hasheminasab
Mehdi Hasheminasab
Mehdi Hasheminasab, is an Iranian football player who currently plays for Payam Mashhad and previously for the Iran national football team. He usually plays in the defender position.-Club career:...

 Naeem Saadavi
Naeem Saadavi
Naeim Sadavi Saad is a retired Iranian football player and now a football coach. He usually played in the defender position.-Club career:He played for a few clubs in Iran, namely Bahman, Persepolis FC and Foolad FC....

 Nima Nakisa
Nima Nakisa
-Club career:Nakisa first entered the limelight in Iranian football when he played for Persepolis FC. Following World Cup 1998, Nakisa was transferred to Albanian Side KS Flamurtari Vlorë, but left very soon after to AO Kavalas. He had a tough time there, and moved back to Iran the season after...

 Hamed Kavianpour
Hamed Kavianpour
Hamed Kavianpour is a retired Iranian professional football player.-Club career:He has played most of his career for Persepolis FC where he had several good seasons, playing in the midfield with his great skill and dribbling...


2000s Javad Kazemian
Javad Kazemian
Javad Kazemian is an Iranian Football right winger who plays for Persepolis in the Iran Pro League. He is commonly mistaken for a striker as he is frequently involved in running towards the opposing box, but his preferred position is a right winger....

 Sheys Rezaei
Sheys Rezaei
-Club career:Sheys is originally from Hamid Abad .He has played most of his career for Persepolis and started be known in 2005-06 season and became more famous after problems in 2007-08 season.He was fired of the squad because of acting against manager Afshin Ghotbi just when few weeks was left in...

 Pejman Nouri
Pejman Nouri
Pejman Nouri is an Iranian football player, currently playing for UAE Pro-League side Emirates Club and Iran national football team in the midfielder position.-Club career:Born in Rezvanshahr, Gilan Province, he has spent most of his career in Malavan F.C...

 Mehrzad Madanchi
Mehrzad Madanchi
Mehrzad Madanchi Ardakani is an Iranian football midfielder who currently plays for Al-Shaab in the UAE Division 1 Group A. He is also a member of the Iran national football team.-Club career:...

 Alireza Nikbakht
Alireza Vahedi Nikbakht
Alireza Vahedi Nikbakht is an Iranian professional football player.-Club career:Starting out in F.C. Aboomoslem and then being transferred to Esteghlal F.C., he improved in a short period of time...

 Mohammad Nosrati
Mohammad Nosrati
Mohammad Nosrati is an Iranian Football player. He currently plays for Persepolis and the Iran national football team.-Club career:He was one of many valuable players of PAS Tehran F.C., finishing the 2003/04 season as IPL champions....

 Mohsen Khalili
Mohsen Khalili
Mohsen Khalili is an Iranian football forward. He is currently playing for the Iranian Professional League, Steel Azin.-Saipa:He Played for Saipa for several seasons, helping the team win the Iran Professional League in the 2006/07 season, scoring 8 goals...

 Hossein Kaebi Issa Traoré
Issa Traoré
Issa Traoré is a Malian footballer. He currently plays for Sanat Naft in the Iran Pro League.Whilst at Pas, Traore endured a major injury on his right knee, and was out for a considerable number of games during his career at the club...

 Jacques Elong Elong
Jacques Elong Elong
Jacques Aurelien Elong Elong is a Cameroonian football player who plays for Esteghlal in the Iran Pro League. He usually plays in the Defensive Midfielder position.-Club career:...

 Robert Caha Ivan Petrović
Ivan Petrovic
Ivan Petrovic is a Serbian football player who currently plays for Shahin Bushehr in Iran Pro League....



2010s Sepehr Heidari
Sepehr Heidari
Sepehr Heidari is an Iranian football defender who currently plays for Mes Kerman in Iran Pro League and the Iran national football team. He has a bachelor of Mechanical engineering from Najaf Abad Azad University.-Club career:...

 Mohammad Nouri
Mohammad Nouri
Mohammad Nouri may refer to:* Mohammad Nouri , Iranian folk and pop singer* Mohammad Nouri , Iranian footballer...

 Amir Hossein Feshangchi
Amir Hossein Feshangchi
Amir Hossein Feshangchi is an Iranian Football Midfielder who currently plays for Iran Pro League side Persepolis.-Club career:He joined to Persepolis in summer 1999 from Persepolis Youth. He started his profissional career with Saba in 2005-06...

 Gholamreza Rezaei
Gholamreza Rezaei
Gholamreza Rezaei is an Iranian Football Striker who currently plays for Persepolis in the Iran Pro League- Club career :He started his career in Fajr Sepasi in his hometown, Shiraz, where he was introduced to Iranian Football. after showing his talent in Fajr, he was bought by Tehrani wealthy...

 Hadi Norouzi
Hadi Norouzi
Hadi Norouzi is an Iranian football player who currently plays for Persepolis in the Iran Pro League.-Club career:He joined to Persepolis in summer 2000 from Persepolis Youth. He Played 4 seasons for Persepolis Youth and moved to Pasargad. He moved back to Persepolis Youth a season after he played...

 Shpejtim Arifi
Shpejtim Arifi
Shpejtim Arifi is an Kosovar Albanian footballer also a German citizen playing for Tractor Sazi football club in the Iran Pro League.-Club career:...


World Cup Players

 
World Cup 1978
1978 FIFA World Cup
The 1978 FIFA World Cup, the 11th staging of the FIFA World Cup, was held in Argentina between 1 June and 25 June. The 1978 World Cup was won by Argentina who beat the Netherlands 3–1 after extra time in the final. This win was the first World Cup title for Argentina, who became the fifth...

 Ali Parvin
Ali Parvin
Ali Parvin , born September 25, 1947 in Tehran) is a retired Iranian football player, coach and a current administrator. He is one of the most famous footballers ever to play in Iran, and is regarded as one of the best from Iran.-Club career:...

 Javad Allahverdi
Javad Allahverdi
Javad Allahverdi is a retired Iranian footballer. He is of Iranian Azeri ethnicity.- Club career :Allahverdi started his career playing for Taj F.C.. There he could win the Asian Championship Club Tournament in 1970; he also won the Iranian league in 1971 as well as the second place in 1974.After...

 Mohammad Sadeghi
Mohammad Sadeghi
Mohammad Sadeghi is a retired Iranian football player.-Club career:He played for Gomrok Ahvaz F.C., Pas F.C., Persepolis F.C. and Shahin F.C.. He was one of the key players of Pas winning the Iranian Takht Jamshid in 1977 and 1978, of Persepolis F.C...



 
World Cup 1998
1998 FIFA World Cup
The 1998 FIFA World Cup, the 16th FIFA World Cup, was held in France from 10 June to 12 July 1998. France was chosen as host nation by FIFA on 2 July 1992. The tournament was won by France, who beat Brazil 3-0 in the final...

 Ahmad Reza Abedzadeh
Ahmad Reza Abedzadeh
Ahmadreza Abedzadeh is a retired Iranian football goalkeeper. He played for Esteghlal F.C., Sepahan F.C., Persepolis F.C. and the Iranian national football team.Abedzadeh is one of the best known goalkeepers in Iranian football history...

 Mehdi Mahdavikia
Mehdi Mahdavikia
Mehdi Mahdavikia is an Iranian football player who plays for Damash Gilan in the Iranian Pro League. He has won Asian Young Footballer of the Year award in 1997, as well as Asian Footballer of the Year in 2003. He was the captain of the Iran national football team from 2006 to 2009, and currently...

 Naeem Saadavi
Naeem Saadavi
Naeim Sadavi Saad is a retired Iranian football player and now a football coach. He usually played in the defender position.-Club career:He played for a few clubs in Iran, namely Bahman, Persepolis FC and Foolad FC....

 Afshin Peyrovani
Afshin Peyrovani
Mohammad Ali "Afshin" Peyravani is a retired Iranian footballer and a football coach. He is the younger brother of Gholam Peyrovani and elder brother of Amir Hossein Peyrovani.-Club career:...

 Mohammad Khakpour
Mohammad Khakpour
-Football career:Khakpour played for a few clubs, including Persepolis FC, Pas Tehran, Vanspor, Geylang United and MetroStars . He played for the Iran national football team and was a participant at the 1998 FIFA World Cup....

 Nima Nakisa
Nima Nakisa
-Club career:Nakisa first entered the limelight in Iranian football when he played for Persepolis FC. Following World Cup 1998, Nakisa was transferred to Albanian Side KS Flamurtari Vlorë, but left very soon after to AO Kavalas. He had a tough time there, and moved back to Iran the season after...

 Reza Shahroudi
Reza Shahroudi
Reza Shahroudi is a retired Iranian football player.He played mostly for Persepolis. Shahroudi made 40 appearances for the Iran national football team and participated at 1998 FIFA World Cup....

 Behnam Seraj
Behnam Seraj
Behnam Seraj is a retired Iranian football player who previously played for the Iran national football team. He was one of the most successful strikers in the Iran Pro League.-References:...

 Mehrdad Minavand
Mehrdad Minavand
Mehrdad Minavand Chal is a retired Iranian football player, and currently a pop singer.-Club career:He played for a few clubs, including Keshavarz F.C., Persepolis FC, Sturm Graz , SC Charleroi and Al-Shabab as well as Sepahan...



 
World Cup 2006
2006 FIFA World Cup
The 2006 FIFA World Cup was the 18th FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football world championship tournament. It was held from 9 June to 9 July 2006 in Germany, which won the right to host the event in July 2000. Teams representing 198 national football associations from all six...

 Javad Kazemian
Javad Kazemian
Javad Kazemian is an Iranian Football right winger who plays for Persepolis in the Iran Pro League. He is commonly mistaken for a striker as he is frequently involved in running towards the opposing box, but his preferred position is a right winger....

 Mehrzad Madanchi
Mehrzad Madanchi
Mehrzad Madanchi Ardakani is an Iranian football midfielder who currently plays for Al-Shaab in the UAE Division 1 Group A. He is also a member of the Iran national football team.-Club career:...



Olympic Players

1972 Summer Olympics
Football at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Final results for the Football competition at the 1972 Summer Olympics held in Munich, Augsburg, Ingolstadt, Nürnberg, Passau, and Regensburg.-Medalists:-Group A: ---- -----------------Group B: ---- ----------------...

 Ali Parvin
Ali Parvin
Ali Parvin , born September 25, 1947 in Tehran) is a retired Iranian football player, coach and a current administrator. He is one of the most famous footballers ever to play in Iran, and is regarded as one of the best from Iran.-Club career:...

 Jafar Kashani
Jafar Kashani
Jafar Kashani, born Jafar Ashraf Kashani on March 21, 1944 in Tehran, Iran is a retired Iranian football player. he was scouted by Dr.Abbas Ekrami, Shahin F.C.'s founder when he was only 16. After Shahin's dissolution he joined Persepolis F.C. and played until 1974 when he was captain...

 Safar Iranpak
Safar Iranpak
Safar Iranpak was an Iranian football striker who played for Persepolis and the Iran national football team. He was born in Masjed Soleyman.He died on January 30, 2009 in Stockholm, Sweden from lung cancer....

 Mahmoud Khordbin
Mahmoud Khordbin
Mahmoud Khordbin is an Iranian retired football player. He is team manager of Persepolis since 1980.-Club career:...



 
1976 Summer Olympics
Football at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Final results for the Football competition at the 1976 Summer Olympics held in Montreal, Toronto, Ottawa, and Sherbrooke. Groups A, C and D had only three teams instead of four, as Nigeria, Ghana and Zambia national teams adhered to African-led boycott of the Games against the participation of New...

 Ali Parvin
Ali Parvin
Ali Parvin , born September 25, 1947 in Tehran) is a retired Iranian football player, coach and a current administrator. He is one of the most famous footballers ever to play in Iran, and is regarded as one of the best from Iran.-Club career:...

 Bijan Zolfagharnassab Alireza Azizi
Alireza Azizi
Alireza Azizi born January 12, 1950 in Abadan is a retired Iranian footballer.He started his professional career in Homa, where he could reach the third place in the Iranian league in 1975. Afterwards he changed to Persepolis F.C., where he could win the Iranian championship in 1976 and reach the...

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
x
OK