Lava flow (programming)
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In computer programming
Computer programming
Computer programming is the process of designing, writing, testing, debugging, and maintaining the source code of computer programs. This source code is written in one or more programming languages. The purpose of programming is to create a program that performs specific operations or exhibits a...

 jargon
Jargon
Jargon is terminology which is especially defined in relationship to a specific activity, profession, group, or event. The philosophe Condillac observed in 1782 that "Every science requires a special language because every science has its own ideas." As a rationalist member of the Enlightenment he...

, lava flow is a problem in which computer code written under sub-optimal conditions is put into production and added to while still in a developmental state.

From the Perl Design Wiki: Lava Flow is "when code ... spews forth and becomes permanent, it becomes an architectural feature of the archaeological variety. Things are built atop the structure without question and without hope of changing what is beneath them. The existing code is seen as an historical curiosity."

Often, putting the system into production results in a need to maintain backward compatibility (as many additional components now depend on it) with the original, incomplete design.

Lava flows are often exacerbated by changes in the development team working on a project. As workers cycle in and out of the project, knowledge of the purpose of aspects of the system can be lost, and rather than clean up these pieces, they are worked around, increasing the complexity and mess of the system.

Lava flow is considered an anti-pattern
Anti-pattern
In software engineering, an anti-pattern is a pattern that may be commonly used but is ineffective and/or counterproductive in practice.The term was coined in 1995 by Andrew Koenig,...

, a commonly encountered phenomenon leading to poor design.
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