Knox Cubes
Encyclopedia
The Knox Cube Imitation Test (KCIT, or CIT, or KCT) was developed as a nonverbal test of intelligence
developed by Dr. Howard Knox, a medical officer at Ellis Island
. It was first published as a pamphlet in 1913, and then in 1914 as a paper in the Journal of the American Medical Association
.
Knox wrote:
There were several other tests presented in his paper besides the cube test. In the cube test, 4 black 1" cubes were placed in a row, each cube separated by 4 inches from its neighbors. The test administrators takes a smaller cube and taps on the 4 1" cubes in increasing complicated sequences. The test subject is requested, sometimes only by sign language, to repeat the sequence. If the cubes are numbered 1 through 4, the sequences in order are:
and so on.
Knox suggested that sequence a (1-2-3-4) is reasonable for a child of 4 years of age, sequence b (1-2-3-4-3) is suitable for a 5 year old, sequence c (1-2-3-4-2) can be accomplished by a 6 year old, sequence d (1-3-2-4) can be done by the average 8 year old, and copying sequence e (1-3-4-2-3-1) is expected by most 11 year olds. Some of these sequences were repeated as part of other published tests such as Arthur
(1947) and Wright & Stone (1979).
Performance on the Knox Cube Imitation Test is correlated with both Verbal IQ and Performance IQ.
Intelligence
Intelligence has been defined in different ways, including the abilities for abstract thought, understanding, communication, reasoning, learning, planning, emotional intelligence and problem solving....
developed by Dr. Howard Knox, a medical officer at Ellis Island
Ellis Island
Ellis Island in New York Harbor was the gateway for millions of immigrants to the United States. It was the nation's busiest immigrant inspection station from 1892 until 1954. The island was greatly expanded with landfill between 1892 and 1934. Before that, the much smaller original island was the...
. It was first published as a pamphlet in 1913, and then in 1914 as a paper in the Journal of the American Medical Association
Journal of the American Medical Association
The Journal of the American Medical Association is a weekly, peer-reviewed, medical journal, published by the American Medical Association. Beginning in July 2011, the editor in chief will be Howard C. Bauchner, vice chairman of pediatrics at Boston University’s School of Medicine, replacing ...
.
Knox wrote:
There were several other tests presented in his paper besides the cube test. In the cube test, 4 black 1" cubes were placed in a row, each cube separated by 4 inches from its neighbors. The test administrators takes a smaller cube and taps on the 4 1" cubes in increasing complicated sequences. The test subject is requested, sometimes only by sign language, to repeat the sequence. If the cubes are numbered 1 through 4, the sequences in order are:
- a. 1,2,3,4
- b. 1,2,3,4,3
- c. 1,2,3,4,2
- d. 1,3,2,4,3
- e. 1,3,4,2,1
and so on.
Knox suggested that sequence a (1-2-3-4) is reasonable for a child of 4 years of age, sequence b (1-2-3-4-3) is suitable for a 5 year old, sequence c (1-2-3-4-2) can be accomplished by a 6 year old, sequence d (1-3-2-4) can be done by the average 8 year old, and copying sequence e (1-3-4-2-3-1) is expected by most 11 year olds. Some of these sequences were repeated as part of other published tests such as Arthur
Arthur
Arthur is a common masculine given name. Its etymology is disputed, but its popularity derives from its being the name of the legendary hero King Arthur....
(1947) and Wright & Stone (1979).
Performance on the Knox Cube Imitation Test is correlated with both Verbal IQ and Performance IQ.