Kariz
Encyclopedia
Kariz refers to water supply - kareez (also spelt kareez / karez / kariz and later called qanat in Arabic)
In its early beginnings, Samarkand occupied part of Mount Afrasiab (Afrosiab), which rises to the north of today’s Samarkand. As the city grew, it expanded its borders, and by the 9th century it occupied the entire hill. When Alexander the Great arrived, he established an intricate arrangement of lead water pipes (called, “Kariz”) along an aqueduct as the lifeblood for the city.
Kariz was an ancient waterpipe system laid from the source of spring water in the mountain valleys to places where it could be used. The pipeline’s length could reach several kilometers, and contains interconnected wells that were dug out and spaced several meters from each other. These wells were used for cleaning sediment and debris from the pipeline system.
Use of Kariz water system at Samarkand, known as Nurata - by Alexander the Great
(source) http://www.advantour.com/uzbekistan/nurata.htm
Once known as Nur, this ancient town was founded in 327 BC by Alexander the Great (conquered by Khan (1220 AD). The remains of this military fortress rise up above the town and the water supply system that the Alexander the Great installed is still partially used even today. The fortress is situated on the south of modern Nurata. It represents one of the most ancient and significant archaeological monuments of the region. The fortress consisted of several parts, with Shahristan (the inner town) 500x500 meters in size, which was surrounded at that with a large wall and towers. The construction of a fortress at Nurata had a definite purpose, as the town was set in a strategic place at the border between an agricultural area and a wild steppe. This area is mentioned in several historical chronicles as an important strategic area convenient for gathering an army before attacking neighboring lands and as a place of refuge for rebels and outcasts.
The town is also famous as a Muslim pilgrimage place. Muhammad Narshani, who wrote about the history of Bukhara in 943, provides information about the settlement Nur, located at the foot of the mountain. Harshahi wrote” many people, who are buried there, have seen Prophet Muhammad”. During the 10 th century pilgrims from Bukhara and other places came to the holy graves situated next to the town fortifications and mosques. Currently, pilgrims continue visiting the holly places. Chashma is a place of pilgrimage of believers and one of the most significant religious centers of Islam in the region. The complex of religious constructions “Chasma” (Tadjik word for spring) includes the spring, a well, mosque “Djuma” and khamom (bathhouse). The round Djuma mosque was constructed above the spring and has 40 columns. The dome, 16 meters in diameter is one of the larges in the Central Asia . On the south-east part of the complex is a Nur-ata cemetery with the burial place of the saint person.
The construction of Kariz, a unique underground water-pipeline system near Nurata, is also connected with the name of the Alexander the Great. Kariz is an ancient water-pipe laid from the source of the spring water to a place where it could be used. Its length could reach several kilometers. Interconnected wells that were dug out in several meters apart from each other, were used for the cleaning the pipeline system. Today the process of reviving these old pipeline systems is taking place. Parts of the pipeline systems near Nurata were restored and being used by local people.
In its early beginnings, Samarkand occupied part of Mount Afrasiab (Afrosiab), which rises to the north of today’s Samarkand. As the city grew, it expanded its borders, and by the 9th century it occupied the entire hill. When Alexander the Great arrived, he established an intricate arrangement of lead water pipes (called, “Kariz”) along an aqueduct as the lifeblood for the city.
Kariz was an ancient waterpipe system laid from the source of spring water in the mountain valleys to places where it could be used. The pipeline’s length could reach several kilometers, and contains interconnected wells that were dug out and spaced several meters from each other. These wells were used for cleaning sediment and debris from the pipeline system.
Use of Kariz water system at Samarkand, known as Nurata - by Alexander the Great
(source) http://www.advantour.com/uzbekistan/nurata.htm
Once known as Nur, this ancient town was founded in 327 BC by Alexander the Great (conquered by Khan (1220 AD). The remains of this military fortress rise up above the town and the water supply system that the Alexander the Great installed is still partially used even today. The fortress is situated on the south of modern Nurata. It represents one of the most ancient and significant archaeological monuments of the region. The fortress consisted of several parts, with Shahristan (the inner town) 500x500 meters in size, which was surrounded at that with a large wall and towers. The construction of a fortress at Nurata had a definite purpose, as the town was set in a strategic place at the border between an agricultural area and a wild steppe. This area is mentioned in several historical chronicles as an important strategic area convenient for gathering an army before attacking neighboring lands and as a place of refuge for rebels and outcasts.
The town is also famous as a Muslim pilgrimage place. Muhammad Narshani, who wrote about the history of Bukhara in 943, provides information about the settlement Nur, located at the foot of the mountain. Harshahi wrote” many people, who are buried there, have seen Prophet Muhammad”. During the 10 th century pilgrims from Bukhara and other places came to the holy graves situated next to the town fortifications and mosques. Currently, pilgrims continue visiting the holly places. Chashma is a place of pilgrimage of believers and one of the most significant religious centers of Islam in the region. The complex of religious constructions “Chasma” (Tadjik word for spring) includes the spring, a well, mosque “Djuma” and khamom (bathhouse). The round Djuma mosque was constructed above the spring and has 40 columns. The dome, 16 meters in diameter is one of the larges in the Central Asia . On the south-east part of the complex is a Nur-ata cemetery with the burial place of the saint person.
The construction of Kariz, a unique underground water-pipeline system near Nurata, is also connected with the name of the Alexander the Great. Kariz is an ancient water-pipe laid from the source of the spring water to a place where it could be used. Its length could reach several kilometers. Interconnected wells that were dug out in several meters apart from each other, were used for the cleaning the pipeline system. Today the process of reviving these old pipeline systems is taking place. Parts of the pipeline systems near Nurata were restored and being used by local people.
- Qanat#Iran -irrigation in Iran