The
Jersey Devil is a
legendary creatureA legendary creature is a mythological or folkloric creature.-Origin:Some mythical creatures have their origin in traditional mythology and have been believed to be real creatures, for example the dragon, the unicorn, and griffin...
or
cryptidIn cryptozoology and sometimes in cryptobotany, a cryptid is a creature or plant whose existence has been suggested but is unrecognized by scientific consensus and often regarded as highly unlikely. Famous examples include the Yeti in the Himalayas and the Loch Ness Monster in...
said to inhabit the
Pine BarrensPine barrens, pine plains, sand plains, or pinelands occur throughout the northeastern U.S. from New Jersey to Maine as well as the Midwest and Canada....
of Southern
New JerseyNew Jersey is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. , its population was 8,791,894. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania and on the southwest by Delaware...
, United States. The creature is often described as a flying biped with
hoovesA hoof , plural hooves or hoofs , is the tip of a toe of an ungulate mammal, strengthened by a thick horny covering. The hoof consists of a hard or rubbery sole, and a hard wall formed by a thick nail rolled around the tip of the toe. The weight of the animal is normally borne by both the sole...
, but there are many variations. The Jersey Devil has worked its way into the pop culture of the area, even lending its name to
New Jersey's teamThe New Jersey Devils are a professional ice hockey team based in Newark, New Jersey, United States. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League...
in the
National Hockey LeagueThe National Hockey League is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a major professional ice hockey league of 30 franchised member clubs, of which 7 are currently located in Canada and 23 in the United States...
.
Legend
Most accounts of the Jersey Devil legend attribute the creature to a "Mother Leeds", a supposed witch, although the tale has many variations. According to one version, she invoked the devil by saying "let it be the devil" while giving birth to her 13th child, and when the baby was born it was named Lucas, it either immediately or soon afterward transformed into a devil-like creature and flew off into the surrounding pines.
The Jersey Devil remained an obscure regional legend through most of the 18th and 19th centuries until a series of purported sightings in 1909 gained it press coverage and wider notability. Today, the Jersey Devil is considered to be more in the realm of popular culture than folklore.
Reported encounters
There have been thousands of reported sightings of the Jersey Devil since the eighteenth century. This is a list of some of the more notable.
- According to legend, while visiting the Hanover Mill Works to inspect his cannonballs being forged, Commodore Stephen Decatur
Stephen Decatur, Jr. , was an American naval officer notable for his many naval victories in the early 19th century. He was born on the eastern shore of Maryland, Worcester county, the son of a U.S. Naval Officer who served during the American Revolution. Shortly after attending college Decatur...
sighted a flying creature flapping its wings and fired a cannonball directly upon it to no effect.
- Joseph Bonaparte
Joseph-Napoléon Bonaparte was the elder brother of Napoleon Bonaparte, who made him King of Naples and Sicily , and later King of Spain...
, eldest brother of Emperor Napoleon, is also said to have witnessed the Jersey Devil while hunting on his BordentownBordentown City is in Burlington County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city population was 3,924. Bordentown is located at the confluence of the Delaware River, Blacks Creek and Crosswicks Creek...
estate around 1820.
- Throughout the 19th century, the Jersey Devil was blamed for livestock killings, strange tracks, and reported sounds.
- Claims of a corpse matching the Leeds Devil's description arose in Greenwich
Greenwich Township is a township in Gloucester County, New Jersey, United States. As of the United States 2000 Census, the township population was 4,879....
in December 1925. A local farmer shot an unidentified animal as it attempted to steal his chickens. Afterward, he claimed that none of 100 people he showed it to could identify it.
- On July 27, 1937 a creature matching the Jersey Devil's description was seen by residents of Downingtown, Pennsylvania
Downingtown is a borough in Chester County, Pennsylvania, west of Philadelphia. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 7,891. Downingtown was settled by English and European colonists in the early 18th century and has a number of historic buildings and structures.-History:The town was...
.
- A similar panic to that which occurred throughout the Pine Barrens during 'Phenomenal Week' took place in Gibbstown
Gibbstown is a census-designated place and unincorporated area located within Greenwich Township, in Gloucester County, New Jersey. As of the United States 2000 Census, the CDP population was 3,758.-Geography:Gibbstown is located at ....
after a group of boys claimed to have seen a 'monster' matching the Devil's description.
- Claims of a corpse matching the Jersey Devil's description arose in 1957.
- In 1960 unusual tracks were found along with loud-shrieking heard near Mays Landing
Mays Landing is a census-designated place located within Hamilton Township, in Atlantic County, New Jersey. As of the United States 2000 Census, the CDP population was 2,321. It is the county seat of Atlantic County...
. During the same year the merchants around CamdenThe city of Camden is the county seat of Camden County, New Jersey. It is located across the Delaware River from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a total population of 77,344...
offered a $10,000 reward for the capture of the Jersey Devil, even offering to build a private zoo to house the creature if captured.
- According to the New York Times, in 2008 alone, over ten encounters with the Leeds Devil were reported to the local "Devil Hunters" group.
Sightings of 1909
During the week of January 16 through 23, 1909, hundreds of people reported encounters with the Jersey Devil. Newspapers of the time named it "Phenomenal Week" and the public reaction has been called the Devil's "most infamous spree." Reports initially concerned unidentified footprints in the snow, but soon sightings of creatures resembling the Jersey Devil were being reported throughout South Jersey and as far away as Philadelphia and
DelawareDelaware is a U.S. state located on the Atlantic Coast in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It is bordered to the south and west by Maryland, and to the north by Pennsylvania...
. The widespread newspaper coverage led to a panic throughout the
Delaware ValleyThe Delaware Valley is a term used to refer to the valley where the Delaware River flows, along with the surrounding communities. This includes the metropolitan area centered on the city of Philadelphia. Such educational institutions as Delaware Valley Regional High School in Alexandria Township...
prompting a number of schools to close and workers to stay home. Among alleged encounters publicized that week were an attack on a trolley-car full of passengers in
Haddon HeightsHaddon Heights is a borough in Camden County, New Jersey, United States. As of the United States 2000 Census, the borough population is 7,473....
and an attack on a social club in
CamdenThe city of Camden is the county seat of Camden County, New Jersey. It is located across the Delaware River from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a total population of 77,344...
. Police in Camden and
Bristol, PennsylvaniaBristol is a borough in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, northeast of Philadelphia opposite Burlington, N.J. on the Delaware River. Bristol was first incorporated in 1720. Although its charter was revised in 1905, the original charter remains in effect, making Bristol one of the older boroughs in...
supposedly fired on the creature to no effect.
Film and television
- In 1996, an episode of The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest
The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest is an animated action-adventure television series produced by Hanna-Barbera Cartoons and broadcast on Cartoon Network from August 26, 1996 to April 16, 1997. A revival of the 1960s Jonny Quest franchise, it features teenage adventurers Jonny Quest, Hadji Singh,...
called "The Spectre of the Pine Barrens" is about the trying to discover the truth of the Jersey Devil (vocal effects provided by Frank WelkerFranklin Wendell "Frank" Welker is an American actor who specializes in voice acting and has contributed character voices and other vocal effects to American television and motion pictures.-Acting career:...
).
- The Jersey Devil appears in the American Dragon: Jake Long
American Dragon: Jake Long is an American animated television series produced by Walt Disney Television Animation. The show had premiered on January 21, 2005 and ended on September 1, 2007. The show currently airs on Disney XD in the United States...
episode "The Long Weekend" with its vocal effects provided by Dee Bradley BakerDee Bradley Baker is an American voice actor. He is noted as his long-running-role as Klaus Heissler in American Dad! and other various characters including Squilliam Fancyson in the hit TV series SpongeBob SquarePants, Nightcrawler in X-Men: Legends and Marvel: Ultimate Alliance...
. In this show, the Jersey Devil is depicted with the head of a moose with different horns as well as a moose's back legs, claw-like hands, the wings of an eagle, and the tail of a lion. It terrorized a city of wood sprites in New Jersey while Jake was on a camping trip with his dad.
- "The Jersey Devil
"The Jersey Devil" is the fifth episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files. It premiered on the Fox network on October 8, 1993. It was written by series creator Chris Carter, directed by Joe Napolitano, and featured guest appearances by Gregory Sierra,...
" is a season one episode of The X-FilesThe X-Files is an American science fiction television series and a part of The X-Files franchise, created by screenwriter Chris Carter. The program originally aired from to . The show was a hit for the Fox network, and its characters and slogans became popular culture touchstones in the 1990s...
which revealed the creature as feral people living in the forest.
- The Jersey Devil appears in the Animal Planet
Animal Planet is an American cable tv specialty channel that launched on October 1, 1996. It is distributed by Discovery Communications. A high-definition simulcast of the channel launched on September 1, 2007.-History:...
cryptozoological series Lost TapesLost Tapes is an American horror/thriller docudrama television series that airs on Animal Planet. Produced by Go Go Luckey Entertainment, the program presents fictional found footage depicting traumatic encounters with cryptozoological creatures , including the Chupacabra and Bigfoot, and even...
.
- The Jersey Devil was the subject of investigation on the episode "Devil in Jersey" of the A&E show Paranormal State
Paranormal State is an American paranormal reality television series that premiered on the A&E Network on December 10, 2007. The program follows and stars the Pennsylvania State University Paranormal Research Society, a student-led college club...
.
- A 2002 episode of Scariest Places on Earth
Scariest Places on Earth is an American paranormal documentary reality television series that originally aired from October 23, 2000 to October 29, 2006. The program was produced by Triage Entertainment for the Fox Family Channel, which is now ABC Family and owns the rights to the show...
deals with the Jersey Devil.
- The film The Last Broadcast
The Last Broadcast is a 1998 American horror film made by Stefan Avalos and Lance Weiler. The film was produced digitally using inexpensive PC-based hardware and software.-Synopsis:...
has a four-men group going into the Pine Barrens in search of the Jersey Devil.
- The Jersey Devil is featured in the Extreme Ghostbusters
Extreme Ghostbusters is an animated television series and a follow-up to the animated series Slimer! and the Real Ghostbusters. It is a part of the film/TV Ghostbusters franchise...
episode, "The Jersey Devil Made Me Do It".
- The 2003 film 13th Child
13th Child is a 2002 direct-to-video horror film, based on the Jersey Devil. The screenplay was written by Michael Maryk and Cliff Robertson, who also stars in the film. The story is based on the book "The Jersey Devil" by James F. McCloy and Ray Miller Jr...
(13th Child: Legend of the Jersey Devil) was a direct-to-videoDirect-to-video is a term used to describe a film that has been released to the public on home video formats without being released in film theaters or broadcast on television...
horror filmHorror films seek to elicit a negative emotional reaction from viewers by playing on the audience's most primal fears. They often feature scenes that startle the viewer through the means of macabre and the supernatural, thus frequently overlapping with the fantasy and science fiction genres...
starring Cliff RobertsonClifford Parker "Cliff" Robertson III was an American actor with a film and television career that spanned half of a century. Robertson portrayed a young John F. Kennedy in the 1963 film PT 109, and won the 1968 Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in the movie Charly...
and Robert GuillaumeRobert "Bob" Guillaume is an American stage and television actor, best known for his role as Benson Du Bois on the TV-series Soap and the spin-off Benson, voicing the mandrill Rafiki in The Lion King and as Isaac Jaffe on Sports Night...
. The film was shot at Wharton State ForestWharton State Forest is a state park in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The largest single tract of land in the state park system of New Jersey, it encompasses approximately of the Pinelands northwest of Hammonton, in Burlington, Camden, and Atlantic counties. The entire park is located within ...
, Batsto Village, and HammontonHammonton is a town in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the town population was 14,791. It is located directly between Philadelphia and the resort town of Atlantic City, along a former route of the Pennsylvania Railroad currently used by New Jersey...
in the Pine BarrensThe Pine Barrens, also known as the Pinelands, is a heavily forested area of coastal plain stretching across southern New Jersey. The name "pine barrens" refers to the area's sandy, acidic, nutrient-poor soil, to which the crops originally imported by European settlers didn't take well...
of New JerseyNew Jersey is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. , its population was 8,791,894. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania and on the southwest by Delaware...
.
- Searching for the Jersey Devil is the basis of the Cinemassacre film Jersey Odysseys: Legend of the Blue Hole (2004 film)
- The 2009 film Carny
Carny is a 2009 horror film about the Jersey Devil. The film stars Lou Diamond Phillips. In Australia, the film is called Jersey Devil....
features the Jersey Devil wreaking havoc on a small town.
- In 2008, the History Channel cryptozoological series MonsterQuest featured the Jersey Devil.
- A season one episode of Destination Truth
Destination Truth is a weekly American paranormal reality television series that premiered on June 6, 2007 on Syfy. Produced by Mandt Bros. Productions and Ping Pong Productions, the program follows paranormal researcher Josh Gates around the world to investigate claims of the supernatural, mainly...
entitled "The Jersey Devil/The YerenThe Yeren , variously referred to as the Yiren, Yeh Ren, Chinese Wildman, , or Man-Monkey, , is a legendary creature said to be an as yet undiscovered hominid residing in the remote mountainous forested regions of western Hubei....
", which aired on March 31, 2010, had Josh Gates and team investigating reports of the Jersey Devil.
- Buddy Valastro, the Cake boss. Hosted an episode in which he created a cake in the shape of the Jersey Devil for a Jersey Devil hunting group.
- The upcoming film "The Barrens" (2012) directed by Darren Lynn Bousman
Darren Lynn Bousman is an American film director and screenwriter.-Personal life:Bousman was born in Overland Park, Kansas, the son of Nancy and Lynn Bousman. He is a graduate of the Film School at Full Sail University. He attended high school at Shawnee Mission North High School in Overland Park,...
focuses on a man (Stephen MoyerStephen Moyer is an English actor who has starred as vampire Bill Compton in the HBO series True Blood since 2008.-Early life and career:Moyer was born in Brentwood, Essex...
) who becomes convinced he is being stalked by Jamieson Thompson while camping in the New Jersey Pine Barrens with his wife (Mia KirshnerMia Kirshner is a Canadian actress and social activist who works in movies and television series. She is best known for her portrayal of Jenny Schecter on The L Word and for her role in the 2006 crime film The Black Dahlia as Elizabeth Short.- Early life :Kirshner was born in Toronto, Ontario,...
) and two children.
- The ninth episode of the seventh season of the television series "Supernatural
Supernatural is an American supernatural and horror television series created by Eric Kripke, which debuted on September 13, 2005 on The WB, and is now part of The CW's lineup. Starring Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, the series follows the brothers as they...
" featured the Jersey Devil.
Literature
- In the novel All the Rage
All The Rage is the fourth volume in a series of Repairman Jack books written by American author F. Paul Wilson. The book was first published by Gauntlet Press in a signed limited first edition then later as a trade hardcover from Forge and as a mass market paperback from Forge .Reviewer Charles...
by F. Paul WilsonFrancis Paul Wilson is an American author, primarily in the science fiction and horror genres. His debut novel was Healer . Wilson is also a part-time practicing family physician. He made his first sales in 1970 to Analog while still in medical school , and continued to write science fiction...
, the fourth of his Repairman JackThis series of novels uses realistic, thriller-like situations to tell a story with a broad supernatural theme. It is technically a spin-off branch of the aforementioned larger, overarching supernatural horror series, The Adversary Cycle.- Introduction :...
novels, a rogue rakosh – a monster resembling a bipedal shark, first introduced in Wilson's novel The TombThe Tomb is the first volume in a series of Repairman Jack books written by American author F. Paul Wilson. It is also the second volume in a series of six novels known as The Adversary Cycle. It was recently updated for 2004, in order to tie in chronologically with the following Repairman Jack...
– disappears into the New Jersey Pine Barrens, with the closing narrative implying that if there isn't already a Jersey Devil, there would be now. Wilson's short story "The Barrens" also features a character who claims to be searching for the Jersey Devil.
- In the Stephanie Plum
Stephanie Plum is a fictional character and the protagonist in a series of novels written by Janet Evanovich. She is a spunky combination of Nancy Drew and Dirty Harry, and - although a female bounty hunter - is the opposite of Domino Harvey...
novel Plum SpookyPlum Spooky is a novel by Janet Evanovich starring the fictional character Stephanie Plum. One of four holiday novellas in the series . Plum Spooky is much more ambitious than the other "Betweens" in that the nefarious activities uncovered have world-wide implications....
(written by Janet EvanovichJanet Evanovich is an American writer. She began her career writing short contemporary romance novels under the pen name Steffie Hall, but gained fame authoring a series of contemporary mysteries featuring Stephanie Plum, a lingerie buyer from Trenton, New Jersey, who becomes a bounty hunter to...
), the Jersey Devil is mentioned, but not negatively. He lives in the Pine Barrens with the Easter BunnyThe Easter Bunny or Easter Rabbit is a character depicted as a rabbit bringing Easter eggs, who sometimes is depicted with clothes...
, Elmer the Fire Farter, and other Unmentionables.
- 1976 book The Jersey Devil by James McCloy and Ray Miller Jr. Middle Atlantic Press
- In the novel End of Mae by Angela Yuriko Smith a black demon creature hunts the residents of the New Jersey Pine Barrens in the Whitesbog area. The story ties in with the vampire myth and centers around Mae, a local reporter for The Community News.
- The 1989 horror novel The Pines by Robert Dunbar largely centered on the legend, as did Dunbar's sequel The Shore with both novels presenting the notion that a form of lycanthropic genetic disorder is responsible for the legend.
Music
- On October 31, 2008 Bruce Springsteen
Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen , nicknamed "The Boss," is an American singer-songwriter who records and tours with the E Street Band...
released a music video and free audio download single titled, "A Night with the Jersey DevilA Night With The Jersey Devil is a song by the American rock singer-songwriter Bruce Springsteen.The song was released as a download-only single, accompanied by a video, on October 31, 2008 as a "Halloween treat" on the artist's website...
" on the official Springsteen website.
- The band Coheed & Cambria released a song called "The Devil in Jersey City" about a gang called the Jersey Devils.
- Kevin Welch wrote "Jersey Devil" and recorded it on the album entitled "You Can't Save Everybody" by Kieran Kane & Kevin Welch with Fats Kaplin which was released in 2004.
Other
- Sony published a video game called Jersey Devil
Jersey Devil is a 3D platform game released for the PlayStation. Jersey Devil, the protagonist of the game, is the Jersey Devil, although shares more characteristics to that of a bat. His primary mission is to stop Dr. Knarf, who tries to stop Jersey Devil with mutated vegetables...
for the PlayStationThe is a 32-bit fifth-generation video game console first released by Sony Computer Entertainment in Japan on December 3, .The PlayStation was the first of the PlayStation series of consoles and handheld game devices. The PlayStation 2 was the console's successor in 2000...
in 1998. One plays as the Jersey Devil, which looks like a horned and winged cartoon-like person wearing a purple outfit.
- The Jersey Devil appears as a creature in the Nintendo DS
The is a portable game console produced by Nintendo, first released on November 21, 2004. A distinctive feature of the system is the presence of two separate LCD screens, the lower of which is a touchscreen, encompassed within a clamshell design, similar to the Game Boy Advance SP...
game ScribblenautsScribblenauts is an emergent puzzle action video game developed by 5th Cell for the Nintendo DS published by WB Games. The game was released September 15, 2009 in North America, September 30, 2009 in Australia, and October 9, 2009 in Europe. Konami released the game in Japan under the name on...
and in the sequel, Super ScribblenautsSuper Scribblenauts is an emergent action puzzle game developed by 5th Cell and published by WB Games for the Nintendo DS handheld game console. The game was released in October 12, 2010...
.
- The Jersey Devil is an enemy in the Nintendo DS game Castlevania: Order of Ecclesia
Castlevania: Order of Ecclesia, known in Japan as , is the third Nintendo DS installment of the Castlevania franchise, developed by longtime Castlevania developer Koji Igarashi.-Gameplay:...
- The Jersey Devil appears on the Paranormal table in the Pinball FX 2
Pinball FX 2 is the sequel to the pinball machine video game Pinball FX for the Xbox 360. It was developed by Zen Studios and published by Microsoft Game Studios. It was released on October 27, 2010 via the Xbox Live Arcade service. The game features several new features, such as local...
Xbox Live ArcadeXbox Live Arcade is a type of video game download distribution available primarily in a section of the Xbox Live Marketplace, Microsoft's digital distribution network for the Xbox 360, that focuses on smaller downloadable games from both major publishers and independent game developers...
game.
- The Jersey Devil is the name of the 177th Fighter Wing
The United States Air Force's 177th Fighter Wing is an Air National Guard fighter unit located at Atlantic City IAP, New Jersey.-Mission:Federal Mission: provide combat-ready citizen airmen, aircraft and equipment for worldwide deployment in support of United States Air Force objectives.State...
stationed at Atlantic City, NJ.
- The Jersey Devil is also briefly mentioned in "Abe Lincoln Must Die", the fourth episode in the video game Sam & Max Save the World
Sam & Max Save the World is a graphic adventure video game developed by Telltale Games. The game was originally released as Sam & Max: Season One before being renamed in early 2009. Save the World was developed in episodic fashion, comprising six episodes that were released for Microsoft Windows...
.
- The Jersey Devil appears in Poptropica
Poptropica is an online game, role-playing game made by Jeff Kinney targeted at children ages 6 to 15, where players can travel, play games, compete in head-to-head competition, and communicate safely with each other...
"Cryptids Island".
- The Jersey Devil was the inspiration for the name of the NHL's New Jersey Devils.
See also
- Bigfoot
Bigfoot, also known as sasquatch, is an ape-like cryptid that purportedly inhabits forests, mainly in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Bigfoot is usually described as a large, hairy, bipedal humanoid...
- Chullachaqui
Chullachaqui, in Spanish el Chullachaqui, and also known as Shapishico, is a legendary devil of the Peruvian and Brazilian Amazonian jungle....
- Chupacabra
The chupacabras is a legendary cryptid rumored to inhabit parts of the Americas. It is associated more recently with sightings of an allegedly unknown animal in Puerto Rico , Mexico, and the United States, especially in the latter's Latin American communities...
- Devil's Footprints
- Ethereal creature
- European dragon
European dragons are legendary creatures in folklore and mythology among the overlapping cultures of Europe.In European folklore, a dragon is a serpentine legendary creature. The Latin word draco, as in constellation Draco, comes directly from Greek δράκων,...
- Furfur
In demonology, Furfur is a powerful Great Earl of Hell, being the ruler of twenty-nine legions of demons. He is a liar unless compelled to enter a magic triangle where he gives true answers to every question, speaking with a rough voice...
- Gargoyle
In architecture, a gargoyle is a carved stone grotesque, usually made of granite, with a spout designed to convey water from a roof and away from the side of a building thereby preventing rainwater from running down masonry walls and eroding the mortar between...
- Karakoncolos
The Karankoncolos is a malevolent creature from Northeast Anatolian Turkish and Bulgarian folklore. It is a variety of bogeyman, usually merely troublesome and rather harmless, but sometimes truly evil. It has thick hairy fur like the Sasquatch...
- Ogre
An ogre is a large, cruel, monstrous, and hideous humanoid monster, featured in mythology, folklore, and fiction. Ogres are often depicted in fairy tales and folklore as feeding on human beings, and have appeared in many classic works of literature...
- Oni
- Peryton
The peryton is a fictional animal combining the physical features of a stag and a bird, presumably originating in Jorge Luis Borges' Book of Imaginary Beings, although he refers to a lost medieval manuscript as a source...
- Pterosaur
Pterosaurs were flying reptiles of the clade or order Pterosauria. They existed from the late Triassic to the end of the Cretaceous Period . Pterosaurs are the earliest vertebrates known to have evolved powered flight...
- Rougarou
The Rougarou , is a legendary creature in Laurentian French communities linked to European notions of the werewolf.-Versions:...
- Wendigo
The Wendigo is a mythical creature appearing in the mythology of the Algonquian people. It is a malevolent cannibalistic spirit into which humans could transform, or which could possess humans...
External links
Further reading
- Weird NJ: Your Travel Guide to New Jersey's Local Legends and Best Kept Secrets by Mark Sceurman and Mark Moran, Barnes & Noble ISBN 0-7607397-9-X
- The Jersey Devil, by James F. McCloy and Ray Miller, Jr., Middle Atlantic Press. ISBN 0-912608-11-0
- Tales of the Jersey Devil, by Geoffrey Girard
Geoffrey Girard is an award-winning fiction author whose works have appeared in several best-selling anthologies and magazines including Apex Digest and Writers of the Future...
., Middle Atlantic Press. ISBN 0-9754419-2-2
- A Natural History of Trees of Eastern and Central North America, by Donald Culross Peattie, pp. 20–23.
- The Tracker, by Tom Brown, Jr.
- William Grimstein's Devil of Jersey, by Billy Staggs. ISBN 978-1-4343-0873-3