Jenmi
Encyclopedia
Jenmi is the term used to refer to the landlords of the Nair
and Namboothiris castes from Kerala
. In the past the majority, if not all the land was owned by these Jenmimar (landlords), and it was not unusual for an aristocratic family to own up to 2000 acres (8.1 km²) of land. Today, however, there are restrictions placed on the amount of land one can own in Kerala.
The largest landlords of Malabar included the Vengayil Nayanar family which owned 200000 acres (809.4 km²) including forest lands, which was more than the Chirakkal Raja who owned about 30000 acres (121.4 km²). Other major Jenmis included the Kurumathoor Namburidipad (5,615 acres),mavila nambiars (20,000 aces)and Kalliat Nambiar (36,779 acres).
is a small village in the Hosdurg taluk
. In 1940, peasants there under the leadership of communists rose against the two local jenmis, Nambiar of Kalliat and the Nayanar of Karakkatt Edam. Several people were killed and four communist leaders were hanged by the British government as revenge (Madathil Appu, Podavara Kunhambu Nair, Koithattil Chirukandan and Pallickal Abu Bakr). A fifth instigator (Choorikadan Krishnan Nair) was sentenced to life imprisonment and spared from the death penalty, since he was a minor.
witnessed large scale communal riots between the Moplah
tenants and their Nair landlords during 1852. The riots started when an armed band of 200 Moplah
s entered the house of the local landlord, Kalathil Kesavan Thangal and massacred his entire family of 18 members. The rioters then decided to eliminate the most powerful jenmi in the district, Kalliat Yejamanan (ruler), at that time Kalliat Anandan Nambiar. However their plans somehow leaked and the landlord fled to safe areas with his family, leaving his nephew Kalliat Kammaran Nambiar to defend the land. Kammaran Nambiar organized a militia of 300 Nair warriors and waited for the rioters. The unsuspecting rioters were ambushed and massacred, and the tenants were forced to abandon their campaign and disband.
Nair
Nair , also known as Nayar , refers to "not a unitary group but a named category of castes", which historically embody several castes and many subdivisions, not all of whom bore the Nair title. These people historically live in the present-day Indian state of Kerala...
and Namboothiris castes from Kerala
Kerala
or Keralam is an Indian state located on the Malabar coast of south-west India. It was created on 1 November 1956 by the States Reorganisation Act by combining various Malayalam speaking regions....
. In the past the majority, if not all the land was owned by these Jenmimar (landlords), and it was not unusual for an aristocratic family to own up to 2000 acres (8.1 km²) of land. Today, however, there are restrictions placed on the amount of land one can own in Kerala.
The largest landlords of Malabar included the Vengayil Nayanar family which owned 200000 acres (809.4 km²) including forest lands, which was more than the Chirakkal Raja who owned about 30000 acres (121.4 km²). Other major Jenmis included the Kurumathoor Namburidipad (5,615 acres),mavila nambiars (20,000 aces)and Kalliat Nambiar (36,779 acres).
Kayyur Incident
KayyurKayyur
-Demographics: India census, Kayyur had a population of 6094 with 2900 males and 3194 females....
is a small village in the Hosdurg taluk
Hosdurg taluk
Hosdurg is one of the two taluks that constitute the Kasaragod District in the South Indian state of Kerala, the other one being Kasaragod Taluk.It shares its borders on north with Kasaragod taluk, south with Kannur District, east with Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka and on the west with the...
. In 1940, peasants there under the leadership of communists rose against the two local jenmis, Nambiar of Kalliat and the Nayanar of Karakkatt Edam. Several people were killed and four communist leaders were hanged by the British government as revenge (Madathil Appu, Podavara Kunhambu Nair, Koithattil Chirukandan and Pallickal Abu Bakr). A fifth instigator (Choorikadan Krishnan Nair) was sentenced to life imprisonment and spared from the death penalty, since he was a minor.
Mattannur Incident
MattanurMattanur
Mattanur , also spelt Mattannur, is a town and a municipality in Kannur district in Kerala state of south India. Mattanur is around 25 km east of Kannur town and Thalassery....
witnessed large scale communal riots between the Moplah
Moplah
Moplah may refer to:* Mappila, an ancient Muslim community in Malabar, Kerala state, present day India* Moplah Riots, a series of revolts and attacks by Mappilas against Hindu landlords and British government officials...
tenants and their Nair landlords during 1852. The riots started when an armed band of 200 Moplah
Moplah
Moplah may refer to:* Mappila, an ancient Muslim community in Malabar, Kerala state, present day India* Moplah Riots, a series of revolts and attacks by Mappilas against Hindu landlords and British government officials...
s entered the house of the local landlord, Kalathil Kesavan Thangal and massacred his entire family of 18 members. The rioters then decided to eliminate the most powerful jenmi in the district, Kalliat Yejamanan (ruler), at that time Kalliat Anandan Nambiar. However their plans somehow leaked and the landlord fled to safe areas with his family, leaving his nephew Kalliat Kammaran Nambiar to defend the land. Kammaran Nambiar organized a militia of 300 Nair warriors and waited for the rioters. The unsuspecting rioters were ambushed and massacred, and the tenants were forced to abandon their campaign and disband.