International Tunneling and Underground Space Association
Encyclopedia
The International Tunneling and Underground Space Association is an organization founded in 1974, comprising currently 55 member nations and 284 affiliate members, aiming to encourage the use of the subsurface
for the benefit of public, environment and sustainable development, and to promote advances in planning, design, construction, maintenance and safety of tunnel
s and underground space.
Subsurface utilities
Subsurface Utilities are the utility networks generally laid under the ground surface. These utilities include pipeline networks for water supply, sewage disposal, petrochemical liquid transmission, petrochemical gas transmission or cable networks for power transmission, telecom data transmission,...
for the benefit of public, environment and sustainable development, and to promote advances in planning, design, construction, maintenance and safety of tunnel
Tunnel
A tunnel is an underground passageway, completely enclosed except for openings for egress, commonly at each end.A tunnel may be for foot or vehicular road traffic, for rail traffic, or for a canal. Some tunnels are aqueducts to supply water for consumption or for hydroelectric stations or are sewers...
s and underground space.