Encyclopedia
The
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers or
IEEE is an international non-profit, professional organization for the advancement of technology related to electricity. It has the most members of any technical professional organization in the world, with more than 360,000 members in around 175 countries.
Overview
IEEE's Constitution defines the purposes of the organization as "scientific and educational, directed toward the advancement of the theory and practice of
electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering, as well as computer science, the allied branches of engineering and the related
arts and
sciences." In pursuing these goals, the IEEE serves as a major publisher of
scientific journals and a conferences organizer. It is also a leading developer of industrial standards in a broad range of disciplines, including
electric power and
energy, biomedical technology and healthcare,
information technology, information assurance, telecommunications, consumer electronics, transportation, aerospace, and
nanotechnology. IEEE develops and participates in educational activities such as accreditation of electrical engineering programs in institutes of higher learning. The IEEE logo is a diamond-shaped design which contains the
right hand rule.
IEEE produces 30 percent of the world's literature in the electrical and electronics engineering and computer science fields, and has developed more than 900 active industry standards. It also sponsors or cosponsors more than 300 international technical conferences each year. The IEEE consists of 37 societies, organized around specialized technical fields, with more than 300 local organizations that hold regular meetings. The IEEE publishes an extensive range of peer-reviewed journals, and is a major international standards body .
Most IEEE members are electrical engineers, computer engineers, and computer scientists, but the organization's wide scope of interests has attracted engineers in other disciplines as well as biologists,
physicists, and
mathematicians.
The IEEE provides learning opportunities within the engineering sciences, research and broadly, technology. The goal of the IEEE education programs is to ensure the growth of skill and knowledge among the technical profession and to foster individual commitment to continuing education among IEEE members, the engineering and scientific community, and the general public.
IEEE offers educational opportunities such as , , and . Expert Now IEEE is a collection of online educational courses designed for self-paced learning. Education Partners, exclusive for IEEE members, offers on-line degree programs, certifications and courses at a 10% discount. The Standards in Education website explains what standards are and the importance of developing and using them. The site includes tutorial modules and case illustrations to introduce the history of standards, the basic terminology, their applications and impact on products, as well as news related to standards, book reviews and links to other sites that contain information on standards. Currently, twenty-nine states require Professional Development Hours to maintain P.E. licensure, encouraging engineers to seek Continuing Education Units for their participation in continuing education programs. CEUs readily translate into Professional Development Hours .
IEEE also sponsors , a website designed to help young people understand better what engineering means, and how an engineering career can be made part of their future. Students , parents, and teachers can explore the site to prepare for an engineering career, ask experts engineering-related questions, play interactive games, explore curriculum links, and review lesson plans. This website also allows you to search for accredited engineering degree programs in Canada and the United States. Search by state/province/territory, country, degree field, tuition ranges, room and board ranges, size of student body, and location .
The IEEE is incorporated in the State of
New York,
United States. It was formed in 1963 by the merger of the Institute of Radio Engineers and the American Institute of Electrical Engineers . It has a dual complementary regional and technical structure - with organizational units based on geography and technical focus . It manages a separate organizational unit which recommends policies and implements programs specifically intended to benefit the members, the profession and the public in the United States.
The IEEE Standards Association is in charge of the standardization activities of the IEEE. There are seven steps to its standard setting process, which typically takes 18 months to complete:
1. Securing Sponsorship
2. Requesting Project Authorization
3. Assembling a Working Group
4. Drafting the Standard
5. Balloting
6. Review Committee
7. Final Vote
Notable Presidents of IEEE and its founding organizations include Elihu Thomson ,
Alexander Graham Bell ,
Charles Proteus Steinmetz ,
Lee De Forest , Frederick E. Terman ,
William R. Hewlett , Ernst Weber , and Ivan Getting .
The current president of IEEE is Michael R. Lightner. The current president of IEEE-USA is Ralph W. Wyndrum, Jr.
Grades
Senior Member Grade
The grade of Senior Member is the highest for which application may be made and shall require experience reflecting professional maturity. For admission or transfer to the grade of Senior Member, a candidate shall be an engineer, scientist, educator, technical executive, or originator in IEEE-designated fields for a total of 10 years.
Fellow Grade
The grade of Fellow recognizes unusual distinction in the profession and shall be conferred only by invitation of the Board of Directors upon a person of outstanding and extraordinary qualifications and experience in IEEE-designated fields, and who has made important individual contributions to one or more of these fields. An IEEE Fellow may use the distinction "FIEEE".
IEEE Xplore
All IEEE publications, including journals, transactions and standards are available online for subscribers on . The Xplore database consists of over 1.3 million documents.
History
The major interests of the AIEE were wire communications and light and power systems. The IRE concerned mostly
radio engineering, and was formed from two smaller organizations, the Society of Wireless and Telegraph Engineers and the Wireless Institute. With the rise of
electronics in the 1930s, electronics engineers usually became members of the IRE, but the applications of electron tube technology became so extensive that the technical boundaries differentiating the IRE and the AIEE became difficult to distinguish. After World War II, the two organizations became increasingly competitive, and in 1961, the leadership of both the IRE and the AIEE resolved to consolidate the two organizations. The two organizations formally merged as the IEEE on January 1, 1963.
Standards & the IEEE Standards Development Process
IEEE is one of the leading standards-making organizations in the world. IEEE performs its standards making and maintaining functions through the IEEE Standards Association . IEEE standards affect a wide range of industries including: power and energy, biomedical and healthcare,
Information Technology , telecommunications, transportation, nanotechnology, information assurance, and many more. In 2005, IEEE had close to 900 active standards, with 500 standards under development. One of the more notable IEEE standards is the IEEE 802 LAN/MAN group of standards which includes the IEEE 802.3
Ethernet standard and the
IEEE 802.11 Wireless Networking standard.
The IEEE standards development process can be broken down into seven basic steps, as follows:
1.
Securing Sponsorship: An IEEE-approved organization must sponsor a standard. A sponsoring organization is in charge of coordinating and supervising the standard development from inception to completion. The professional societies within IEEE serve as the natural sponsor for many standards.
2.
Requesting Project Authorization: To gain authorization for the standard a Project Authorization Request is submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board. The New Standards Committee of the IEEE-SA Standards Board reviews the PAR and makes a recommendation to the Standards Board about whether to approve the PAR.
3.
Assembling a Working Group: After the PAR is approved, a
"working group" of individuals affected by, or interested in, the standard is organized to develop the standard. IEEE-SA rules ensure that all Working Group meetings are open and that anyone has the right to attend and contribute to the meetings
4.
Drafting the Standard: The Working Group prepares a draft of the proposed standard. Generally, the draft follows the IEEE Standards Style Manual that sets “guidelines” for the clauses and format of the standards document.
5.
Balloting: Once a draft of the standard is finalized in the Working Group, the draft is submitted for Balloting approval. The IEEE Standards Department sends an invitation-to-ballot to any individual who has expressed an interest in the subject matter of the standard. Anyone who responds positively to the invitation-to-ballot becomes a member of the balloting group, as long as the individual is an IEEE member or has paid a balloting fee. The IEEE requires that a proposed draft of the standard receive a response rate of 75% and that, of the responding ballots, at least 75% approve the proposed draft of the standard. If the standard is not approved, the process returns to the drafting of the standard step in order to modify the standard document to gain approval of the balloting group.
6.
Review Committee: After getting 75% approval, the draft standard, along with the balloting comments, are submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board Review Committee . The RevCom reviews the proposed draft of the standard against the IEEE-SA Standards Board Bylaws and the stipulations set forth in the IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manual. The RevCom then makes a recommendation about whether to approve the submitted draft of the standard document.
7.
Final Vote: Each member of the IEEE-SA Standards Board places a final vote on the submitted standard document. It takes a majority vote of the Standards Board to gain final approval of the standard. In general, if the RevCom recommends approval, the Standards Board will vote to approve the standard.
Notable IEEE Standards committees and formats
- IEEE 488 — Standard Digital Interface for Programmable Instrumentation, IEEE-488-1978 .
- IEEE 754 — floating point arithmetic specifications
- IEEE 802 — LAN/MAN
- IEEE 802.3 — Ethernet
- IEEE 802.11 — Wireless Networking – "WiFi"
- IEEE 802.15.4 — Wireless Sensor/Control Networks – "ZigBee"
- IEEE 802.16 — Wireless Networking – "WiMax"
- IEEE 829 — Software Test Documentation
- IEEE 830 — Software Requirements Specifications
- IEEE 896 — Futurebus
- IEEE 1003 — POSIX – "Unix" compatibility programming standard
- IEEE 1059 — Software Verification And Validation Plan
- IEEE 1074 — Software Development Life Cycle
- IEEE 1076 — VHDL – VHSIC Hardware Description Language
- IEEE 1149.1 — JTAG
- IEEE 1275 — Open Firmware
- IEEE 1284 — Parallel port
- IEEE P1363 — Public key cryptography
- IEEE 1394 — Serial Bus — "FireWire", "i.Link"
- IEEE P1901 — Broadband over Power Line Networks
- IEEE 1541 — Prefixes for Binary Multiples
- IEEE 12207 — Information Technology
- IEEE Switchgear Committee C37 series of standards for Low and High voltage equipment
IEEE Awards and Honors
- IEEE Medal of Honor
- Edison Medal
- IEEE Nikola Tesla Award
- IEEE SA International Award
- IEEE John von Neumann Medal
- IEEE Charles Proteus Steinmetz Award
- IEEE Internet Award
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See also
External links
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- — over a million online documents
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- - IEEE website for students age 8-18, and their parents, teachers, and guidance counselors.
- A virtual museum that illustrates many of the basic electrical engineering and electricity concepts through examples, figures, and interviews.
References
The Standards & the IEEE Standards Development Process section is based on information originally obtained from the IEEE and IEEE-SA websites, and the Appendix of the article "The Role of Market-Based and Committee-Based Standards," by Sanjiv Patel, Babson College 2002.
