Independent regulatory agencies  in Turkey are public authorities within the executive branch of the state

Sovereign state

A sovereign state, or simply, state, is a state with a defined territory on which it exercises internal and external sovereignty, a permanent population, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states. It is also normally understood to be a state which is neither...

 that are autonomous from the government

Government

Government refers to the legislators, administrators, and arbitrators in the administrative bureaucracy who control a state at a given time, and to the system of government by which they are organized...

 or any other bodies. They constitute service-based (as opposed to geographical) decentralized administration in terms of the Turkish constitution

Constitution

A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed. These rules together make up, i.e. constitute, what the entity is...

.

Independent regulatory agencies represent a historically unfamiliar mode of governance

Governance

Governance is the act of governing. It relates to decisions that define expectations, grant power, or verify performance. It consists of either a separate process or part of management or leadership processes...

 in Turkey whose tradition of public administration

Public administration

Public Administration houses the implementation of government policy and an academic discipline that studies this implementation and that prepares civil servants for this work. As a "field of inquiry with a diverse scope" its "fundamental goal.....

 favors a strong and centralized state with a preference of market intervention. The waves of liberalization

Liberalization

In general, liberalization refers to a relaxation of previous government restrictions, usually in areas of social or economic policy. In some contexts this process or concept is often, but not always, referred to as deregulation...

 and privatization

Privatization

Privatization is the incidence or process of transferring ownership of a business, enterprise, agency or public service from the public sector to the private sector or to private non-profit organizations...

 measures taken following the 1980 coup d'etat

Coup d'état

A coup d'état state, literally: strike/blow of state)—also known as a coup, putsch, and overthrow—is the sudden, extrajudicial deposition of a government, usually by a small group of the existing state establishment—typically the military—to replace the deposed government with another body; either...

, the conditionalities imposed by the European Union

European Union

The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...

and the economic crises during 1990s and early 2000s provided the necessary momentum for their establishment.

Despite a certain degree of controversy in the Turkish legal doctrine most scholars have accepted that the concept has been well-established within Turkish legal and administrative system even though there is no legal framework governing these bodies nor a sufficient body of case-law by the supreme judicial courts that clarify their administrative nature.

Independent regulatory agencies in Turkey include:

• the Competition Authority
• the Banking Regulation and Supervision Authority
• the Capital Markets Authority
• the Energy Market Regulation Authority
• the Public Procurement Authority
• the Radio and Television Supreme Council
• the Savings Deposit Insurance Fund (previously a branch of the Banking Regulation and Supervision Authority)
• the Telecommunication Authority
• the Tobacco, Tobacco Products and Alcoholic Beverages Markets Regulation Board.

The Sugar Authority and the Restructuring Board can also be conceived as independent regulatory agencies.