Independent Television Service for Wales and the West
Encyclopedia
Independent Television Service for Wales and the West or ITSWW is a unique entity within the history of ITV
.
On 11 June 1967 the Independent Television Authority
(ITA) had announced changes to the structure and contracts of the ITV
network in the United Kingdom, to take effect in July 1968. Several changes were announced that would have far-reaching effects for British television. The UK press decided that the most dramatic news was the loss of the Wales and West contract, held by TWW
since 1958, to a consortium headed by and named after Lord Harlech.
TWW spent some months fighting the decision, including some acrimonious exchanges with the ITA in the press. However, the ITA remained resolute that it was legally entitled to remove any contract at any time for any reason, and the board
of TWW eventually accepted this and announced it would carry on providing a programme service to the area until the end of the contract period.
ITSWW is generally not mentioned in history books (Bernard Sendall
's otherwise complete history of the ITA's operations makes no mention of the service) and was rapidly all but forgotten.
, intended to dismiss all the on-screen personnel of TWW, and launch with a fresh team. These intentions had a marked effect on TWW morale and programme production became more difficult as the winter of 1967–68 wore on.
Additionally, the board of TWW had been advised not to take the stake in Harlech offered to them by the ITA. TWW had other subsidiaries, but none were as profitable or fast growing as the television business. This depressed the TWW share price
.
Early in 1968, the TWW board decided that more money would be realised for shareholders in the eventual winding up of the company if they were to "sell" the last part of the old contract to the incoming consortium. This would provide a fixed guaranteed income for the final months of TWW and give some underpinning to the share price. TWW's accountants advanced this plan, and the ITA, who thought it would bring more stability to the situation, backed it.
It was calculated that the profit after expenses that TWW might have made would be about £100,000 per month and that the earliest that TWW could reasonably exit would be around the end of February 1968. It was agreed to sell the last five months of the contract to Harlech for just under £500,000.
However, Harlech were not yet in a position to begin production and would therefore have to launch their promised new service using "in the can" TWW productions. This was not an ideal situation for a replacement franchisee.
This created a cordon sanitaire
between the end of TWW and the start of Harlech. Nevertheless, the "in the can" TWW productions, of which there were many, still carried "TWW presents" and "TWW production" captions. This left the viewers confused, as a new service appeared to be presenting productions from the long-standing local contractor.
Also, TWW in-vision announcers were retained by the interim set up, giving a superficial impression that little had changed. This was referred to in the local press as "TWW's revenge" on Harlech. In the event, Harlech decided that the confusion was not helping, and brought forward their own start date to late May. The interim service lasted just under three months.
The interim service continued both of the former TWW dual services under the names 'South Wales and West' and 'Teledu Cymru
' – the latter having been the existing on-air name in that area. For the interim period, both names were prefixed with the new phrase "Independent Television Service". Thus the new ITSWW (the initials were never used on air, and mainly served as an abbreviation used by the newspapers) was operating two channels known as ITSSWW and ITSTC respectively. What the viewers made of all this is unclear, but extensive broadsheet
press advertising was taken out to explain the arrangements to those viewers deemed to be interested. Nothing was placed in the tabloids.
When Harlech Television launched its own identity in late May, viewers may have been more startled still, as it was "all change" for the second time, this time with new on-screen personalities.
History of ITV
The history of ITV, the United Kingdom "Independent Television" commercial network, goes back to 1954.-The early years: 1954–1963:After much debate both in the British Parliament and the British Press, the Television Act became law in 1954...
.
On 11 June 1967 the Independent Television Authority
Independent Television Authority
The Independent Television Authority was an agency created by the Television Act 1954 to supervise the creation of "Independent Television" , the first commercial television network in the United Kingdom...
(ITA) had announced changes to the structure and contracts of the ITV
ITV
ITV is the major commercial public service TV network in the United Kingdom. Launched in 1955 under the auspices of the Independent Television Authority to provide competition to the BBC, it is also the oldest commercial network in the UK...
network in the United Kingdom, to take effect in July 1968. Several changes were announced that would have far-reaching effects for British television. The UK press decided that the most dramatic news was the loss of the Wales and West contract, held by TWW
Television Wales and the West
Television Wales and the WestTelevision Wales and the WestTelevision Wales and the West , accessed 19 August 2006, accessed 19 August 2006 was the British "Independent Television" contractor for the franchise area serving 'South Wales and West of England' 1956–68 Television Wales and the...
since 1958, to a consortium headed by and named after Lord Harlech.
TWW spent some months fighting the decision, including some acrimonious exchanges with the ITA in the press. However, the ITA remained resolute that it was legally entitled to remove any contract at any time for any reason, and the board
Board of directors
A board of directors is a body of elected or appointed members who jointly oversee the activities of a company or organization. Other names include board of governors, board of managers, board of regents, board of trustees, and board of visitors...
of TWW eventually accepted this and announced it would carry on providing a programme service to the area until the end of the contract period.
ITSWW is generally not mentioned in history books (Bernard Sendall
Bernard Sendall
Bernard Charles Sendall was a Civil Servant and an executive member of the British Independent Television Authority...
's otherwise complete history of the ITA's operations makes no mention of the service) and was rapidly all but forgotten.
TWW problems
Although a condition of the new incumbent's licence was that all technical, office and engineering staff of the old company should be taken on (the standard ITA practice at the time), it was becoming obvious that the new contractor, Harlech TelevisionHTV
HTV, now legally known as ITV Wales & West, is the ITV contractor for Wales and the West of England, which operated from studios in Cardiff and Bristol. The company provided commercial television for the dual-region 'Wales and West' franchise, which it won from TWW in 1968...
, intended to dismiss all the on-screen personnel of TWW, and launch with a fresh team. These intentions had a marked effect on TWW morale and programme production became more difficult as the winter of 1967–68 wore on.
Additionally, the board of TWW had been advised not to take the stake in Harlech offered to them by the ITA. TWW had other subsidiaries, but none were as profitable or fast growing as the television business. This depressed the TWW share price
Share price
A share price is the price of a single share of a number of saleable stocks of a company. Once the stock is purchased, the owner becomes a shareholder of the company that issued the share.-Behavior of share prices:...
.
Early in 1968, the TWW board decided that more money would be realised for shareholders in the eventual winding up of the company if they were to "sell" the last part of the old contract to the incoming consortium. This would provide a fixed guaranteed income for the final months of TWW and give some underpinning to the share price. TWW's accountants advanced this plan, and the ITA, who thought it would bring more stability to the situation, backed it.
It was calculated that the profit after expenses that TWW might have made would be about £100,000 per month and that the earliest that TWW could reasonably exit would be around the end of February 1968. It was agreed to sell the last five months of the contract to Harlech for just under £500,000.
However, Harlech were not yet in a position to begin production and would therefore have to launch their promised new service using "in the can" TWW productions. This was not an ideal situation for a replacement franchisee.
ITA solution
The ITA suggested a solution, where the sale of the contract would go ahead, Harlech would receive all advertising revenue from the handover date and would pay TWW a fixed weekly fee to continue making local productions for a further five months. During that time Harlech would be preparing its own programmes, using the same studios and staff, for launch in the summer. The interim contract would use neither company's name, and the literal Independent Television Service for Wales and the West was chosen.This created a cordon sanitaire
Cordon sanitaire
Cordon sanitaire — or quarantine line — is a French phrase that, literally translated, means "sanitary cordon". Though in French it originally denoted a barrier implemented to stop the spread of disease, it has often been used in English in a metaphorical sense to refer to attempts to prevent the...
between the end of TWW and the start of Harlech. Nevertheless, the "in the can" TWW productions, of which there were many, still carried "TWW presents" and "TWW production" captions. This left the viewers confused, as a new service appeared to be presenting productions from the long-standing local contractor.
Also, TWW in-vision announcers were retained by the interim set up, giving a superficial impression that little had changed. This was referred to in the local press as "TWW's revenge" on Harlech. In the event, Harlech decided that the confusion was not helping, and brought forward their own start date to late May. The interim service lasted just under three months.
The interim service continued both of the former TWW dual services under the names 'South Wales and West' and 'Teledu Cymru
Wales West and North Television
Wales Television, known on screen as Teledu Cymru and often abbreviated to WWN, was the Welsh "Independent Television" contractor awarded the franchise area serving 'North and West Wales', from 1962-68...
' – the latter having been the existing on-air name in that area. For the interim period, both names were prefixed with the new phrase "Independent Television Service". Thus the new ITSWW (the initials were never used on air, and mainly served as an abbreviation used by the newspapers) was operating two channels known as ITSSWW and ITSTC respectively. What the viewers made of all this is unclear, but extensive broadsheet
Broadsheet
Broadsheet is the largest of the various newspaper formats and is characterized by long vertical pages . The term derives from types of popular prints usually just of a single sheet, sold on the streets and containing various types of material, from ballads to political satire. The first broadsheet...
press advertising was taken out to explain the arrangements to those viewers deemed to be interested. Nothing was placed in the tabloids.
Idents
A temporary ident was designed, with four white horizontal bars shooting towards the viewer, electronic music and the name revealing itself a line at a time. The former TWW clock was retained, as were the in-vision announcers. With TWW production captions on the local programmes, it may have seemed as if TWW had moved to another region and the new local incumbent was presenting programmes from them sent over the network.When Harlech Television launched its own identity in late May, viewers may have been more startled still, as it was "all change" for the second time, this time with new on-screen personalities.