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Imbibition
 
 
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Imbibition is defined as the displacement of one fluid by another immiscible fluid. This process is controlled and affected by a variety of factors. The capillary number
Capillary number

In fluid dynamics, the capillary number represents the relative effect of viscosity forces versus surface tension acting across an interface between a liquid and a gas, or between two immiscible liquids....
 (Ca) and the mobility ratio (M) have the greatest importance. A classification of imbibition processes was given by Payatakes and Dias:

  1. Spontaneous imbibition
  2. Constant influx
  3. Quasi-static imbibition
  4. Dynamic invasion with constant flow rate of the displacing fluid


One example of imbibition that we can find in nature is the absorption
Absorption (chemistry)

File:Absorber.svgAbsorption, in chemistry, is a physical or chemical phenomenon or a Process in which atoms, molecules, or ions enter some bulk phase - gas, liquid or solid material....
 of water by hydrophilic colloids.






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Imbibition is defined as the displacement of one fluid by another immiscible fluid. This process is controlled and affected by a variety of factors. The capillary number
Capillary number

In fluid dynamics, the capillary number represents the relative effect of viscosity forces versus surface tension acting across an interface between a liquid and a gas, or between two immiscible liquids....
 (Ca) and the mobility ratio (M) have the greatest importance. A classification of imbibition processes was given by Payatakes and Dias:

  1. Spontaneous imbibition
  2. Constant influx
  3. Quasi-static imbibition
  4. Dynamic invasion with constant flow rate of the displacing fluid


One example of imbibition that we can find in nature is the absorption
Absorption (chemistry)

File:Absorber.svgAbsorption, in chemistry, is a physical or chemical phenomenon or a Process in which atoms, molecules, or ions enter some bulk phase - gas, liquid or solid material....
 of water by hydrophilic colloids. Matrix potential contributes significantly to water in such substances. Examples of plant material which exhibit imbibition are dry seeds before germination.

Different types of organic substances have different imbibing capacities. Proteins have a very high imbibing capacity, starch less and cellulose least. That is why proteinaceous pea seeds swell more on imbibition than starchy wheat seeds.

Imbibition of water increases the volume of the imbibant which results in imbibitional pressure. This pressure can be of tremendous magnitude. This fact can be demonstrated by the splitting of rocks by inserting dry wooden stalks in the crevices of rocks and soaking them in water, a technique used by early Egyptians to cleave stone blocks.

See also

  • Dye-transfer process
    Dye-transfer process

    The dye transfer process is a continuous-tone color photographic printing process, popularized by the Eastman Kodak Company in the 1940s. It is sometimes referred to by such generic names as wash-off relief printing and dye imbibition transfer printing....
  • Technicolor
    Technicolor

    Technicolor is the trademark for a series of Color film processes pioneered by Technicolor Motion Picture Corporation , now a division of Thomson SA....


Further reading

  • Muhammad Sahimi, Flow and Transport in Porous Media and Fractured Rock, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim, 1995, ISBN 3-527-29260-8
  • M. Alava, M. Dube, and M. Rost, Adv. Phys. 53, 83 (2004).