Hyundai Kappa engine
Encyclopedia
Hyundai
's Kappa engine is a small straight-4
automobile
engine.
. There are actually two versions of the 1.2 variant, a general version displacing 1197 cc, and a European version displacing 1248 cc. The 1197 cc version delivers 77 ps@5200 RPM and 11.4 kg-m@4000 RPM (80 ps and 11.8-12.0 kg-m for the 1248cc version at the same RPM). Actual output figures may vary from market to market, but generally range from 75 to 80 ps and from 11.2-12.0 kg-m. Fuel economy is rated at 5.0L/100 km (47 mpg) in the European combined test cycle.
Additional weight was shaved off by integrating the engine support bracket with the timing chain cover. The shape of the piston skirt was optimized to reduce its size while the compression height of the piston was also reduced, resulting in weight savings. The optimized piston skirt is also treated with Molybdenum Disulfide. A highly sophisticated process of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) is used to apply an ultra-thin layer of Chromium Nitride to the piston’s oil ring. Chromium Nitride-coated piston rings using PVD is an innovative technology borrowed from the Hyundai Tau engine
introduced earlier. Friction between the oil ring and cylinder wall has been further minimized by reducing the oil ring tension. The Kappa engine is the first Hyundai engine to be fitted with an accessory drive belt which does not require a mechanical auto-tensioning adjustment device, reducing the hardware and further lowering weight and cost. Because it is designed to maintain an ideal tension setting, the belt runs quieter and with proper preventative maintenance and care, the belt will last 100,000 mi/160,000 km. For ignition, the Kappa engine uses a new, longer reach spark plug which enabled engineers to enlarge the size of the water jacket to promote more efficient engine cooling around the critically important spark plug and exhaust port area. The long reach spark plug (M12 thread) also enabled engineers to enlarge the valve diameter for increased airflow and combustion efficiency. A lightweight, heat-resistant engineering plastic was used for the intake manifold. The fuel delivery pipe assembly is a returnless type (to eliminate evaporative fuel emissions) and is made of SUS (steel use stainless) with an specially designed inner structure for the reduction of pulsation noise.
Applications:
Hyundai Motor Company
Hyundai Motor Company is a Korean multinational automaker based in Seoul, South Korea which, along with Kia, comprises the Hyundai Kia Automotive Group, the world's fourth largest automaker as of 2009. As of 2011, it is the world's fastest growing automaker for two years running...
's Kappa engine is a small straight-4
Straight-4
The inline-four engine or straight-four engine is an internal combustion engine with all four cylinders mounted in a straight line, or plane along the crankcase. The single bank of cylinders may be oriented in either a vertical or an inclined plane with all the pistons driving a common crankshaft....
automobile
Automobile
An automobile, autocar, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor...
engine.
1.2 Liter Variant
The 1.2 Liter Variant is currently the only Kappa engine produced. This engine is gasoline powered, all-aluminum, and utilizes a DOHC 16-valve design, as opposed to the SOHC 12-valve design of its predecessor, the Hyundai Epsilon engineHyundai Epsilon engine
Hyundai's Epsilon engine is its smallest straight-4 automobile engine.-G4HA:The G4HA is a 0.8 L veraion with a 63 mm bore and 64 mm stroke. Output is 54 hp at 6000 rpm and 52 ft·lbf at 4800 rpm.-G4HC:The G4HC displaces 1.0 L with a larger 66 mm bore and...
. There are actually two versions of the 1.2 variant, a general version displacing 1197 cc, and a European version displacing 1248 cc. The 1197 cc version delivers 77 ps@5200 RPM and 11.4 kg-m@4000 RPM (80 ps and 11.8-12.0 kg-m for the 1248cc version at the same RPM). Actual output figures may vary from market to market, but generally range from 75 to 80 ps and from 11.2-12.0 kg-m. Fuel economy is rated at 5.0L/100 km (47 mpg) in the European combined test cycle.
Development
Developed at a cost of $421 million over a period of 48 months, the Kappa project was aimed at increasing fuel economy while ensuring compliance to stringent EURO-4 emission regulations.Design
The engine block is made from high pressure die-cast aluminum which results in considerable weight savings - the entire engine with a manual gearbox only weighs 82.4 kg. The main block features a ladder frame construction for structural stiffness while its cylinders are fitted with cast-iron liners for improved abrasion durability.Additional weight was shaved off by integrating the engine support bracket with the timing chain cover. The shape of the piston skirt was optimized to reduce its size while the compression height of the piston was also reduced, resulting in weight savings. The optimized piston skirt is also treated with Molybdenum Disulfide. A highly sophisticated process of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) is used to apply an ultra-thin layer of Chromium Nitride to the piston’s oil ring. Chromium Nitride-coated piston rings using PVD is an innovative technology borrowed from the Hyundai Tau engine
Hyundai Tau engine
The Tau is Hyundai Motor Company's newest V8 engine, replacing the Omega. It is reported to deliver an estimated and of torque -- on premium unleaded fuel -- at . Currently, the version of the engine delivers and on premium unleaded fuel...
introduced earlier. Friction between the oil ring and cylinder wall has been further minimized by reducing the oil ring tension. The Kappa engine is the first Hyundai engine to be fitted with an accessory drive belt which does not require a mechanical auto-tensioning adjustment device, reducing the hardware and further lowering weight and cost. Because it is designed to maintain an ideal tension setting, the belt runs quieter and with proper preventative maintenance and care, the belt will last 100,000 mi/160,000 km. For ignition, the Kappa engine uses a new, longer reach spark plug which enabled engineers to enlarge the size of the water jacket to promote more efficient engine cooling around the critically important spark plug and exhaust port area. The long reach spark plug (M12 thread) also enabled engineers to enlarge the valve diameter for increased airflow and combustion efficiency. A lightweight, heat-resistant engineering plastic was used for the intake manifold. The fuel delivery pipe assembly is a returnless type (to eliminate evaporative fuel emissions) and is made of SUS (steel use stainless) with an specially designed inner structure for the reduction of pulsation noise.
Valvetrain
The valvetrain features a number of innovations: friction reducing roller swing arm, hydraulic lash adjusters which ensure proper clearances between the valve stem and roller swing arm, which significantly reduce valve tapping noise. The valve springs feature a beehive shape and smaller retainer. The reduced weight and spring load further help lower friction and improve fuel economy. The valvetrain is driven by a silent-type, maintenance free steel timing chain that replaces a roller-type timing chain: The optimized design greatly reduces impact forces and noise when the gear tooth and chain engage.Offset Crank
Unlike a conventional engine where the centerline of the cylinder bore is in perfect vertical alignment with the rotating axis of the crankshaft, the Kappa’s centerline is offset by a small distance. This offset minimizes the side force created by the pistons. The net effect is an improvement in fuel consumption and a reduction in noise, vibration and harshness.Engine Management
Engine management is provided by two 16-bit 32Mhz microprocessors which control and monitor ignition timing, idle speed, knocking and emissions.Applications:
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