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Hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ion
Ion

An ion is an atom or molecule which has lost or gained one or more electrons, giving it a positive or negative electrical charge. According to the Bohr_model this will be from or in the outer shield 'n'....
s of hydrogen
Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the chemical symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly combustion and explosive Diatomic molecule gas with the molecular formula H2....
 and its isotope
Isotope

Isotopes are any of the different types of atoms of the same chemical element, each having a different atomic mass . Isotopes of an element have atomic nucleus with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutron....
s. Depending on the charge
Charge

Charge or charged may refer to:...
 of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished:

hydrogen loses its electron
Electron

The electron is a subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge. It has elementary particle and is believed to be a point particle....
, the following cations can be formed:

In addition, the ions produced by the reaction of these cations with water
Water

Water is a common chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of life. In typical usage, water refers only to its liquid form or States of matter, but the substance also has a solid state, ice, and a gaseous state, water vapor or steam....
 as well as their hydrates are called hydrogen ions:



The latter two play an important role in proton hopping according to the Grotthuss mechanism
Grotthuss mechanism

The Grotthuss Mechanism is the mechanism by which an 'excess' proton or protonic defect diffuses through the hydrogen bond network of water molecules or other hydrogen-bonded liquids through the formation/cleavage of covalent bonds....
.

In connection with acids, hydrogen ions typically refer to hydrons
Hydron (chemistry)

In chemistry, hydron is the general name for the positive hydrogen H+ cation.Hydron is the name for positive hydrogen ions without regard to nuclear mass, or positive ions formed from natural hydrogen ....
.

ogen anions are formed when additional electrons are acquired:



In organic chemistry
Organic chemistry

Organic chemistry is a discipline within chemistry which involves the science study of the structure, properties, composition, chemical reaction, and preparation of chemical compounds that contain carbon....
, a hydrogen atom in a molecule is often referred to simply as a proton.






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Hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ion
Ion

An ion is an atom or molecule which has lost or gained one or more electrons, giving it a positive or negative electrical charge. According to the Bohr_model this will be from or in the outer shield 'n'....
s of hydrogen
Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the chemical symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly combustion and explosive Diatomic molecule gas with the molecular formula H2....
 and its isotope
Isotope

Isotopes are any of the different types of atoms of the same chemical element, each having a different atomic mass . Isotopes of an element have atomic nucleus with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutron....
s. Depending on the charge
Charge

Charge or charged may refer to:...
 of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished:

Cation (positively charged)

When hydrogen loses its electron
Electron

The electron is a subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge. It has elementary particle and is believed to be a point particle....
, the following cations can be formed:

  • Hydron
    Hydron (chemistry)

    In chemistry, hydron is the general name for the positive hydrogen H+ cation.Hydron is the name for positive hydrogen ions without regard to nuclear mass, or positive ions formed from natural hydrogen ....
    : general name referring to the positive ion of any hydrogen isotope (H+)
  • Proton
    Proton

    The proton is a subatomic particle with an electric charge of +1 elementary charge. It is found in the nucleus of each atom but is also stable by itself and has a second identity as the hydrogen ion, H+....
    : 1H+ (most correctly, the cation of protium
    Protium

    Protium can be any of several things:* In chemistry, protium refers to hydrogen-1, the most common isotope of the element hydrogen, with one proton and no neutrons...
    )
  • Deuteron: 2H+, D+
  • Triton: 3H+, T+
In addition, the ions produced by the reaction of these cations with water
Water

Water is a common chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of life. In typical usage, water refers only to its liquid form or States of matter, but the substance also has a solid state, ice, and a gaseous state, water vapor or steam....
 as well as their hydrates are called hydrogen ions:

  • Hydronium
    Hydronium

    In chemistry, hydronium is the common name for the aqueous cation hydrogen3oxygen+ derived from protonation of water. It is the simplest type of an oxonium ion....
     ion: H3O+
  • Zundel cation: H5O2+
  • Eigen cation: H9O4+


The latter two play an important role in proton hopping according to the Grotthuss mechanism
Grotthuss mechanism

The Grotthuss Mechanism is the mechanism by which an 'excess' proton or protonic defect diffuses through the hydrogen bond network of water molecules or other hydrogen-bonded liquids through the formation/cleavage of covalent bonds....
.

In connection with acids, hydrogen ions typically refer to hydrons
Hydron (chemistry)

In chemistry, hydron is the general name for the positive hydrogen H+ cation.Hydron is the name for positive hydrogen ions without regard to nuclear mass, or positive ions formed from natural hydrogen ....
.

Anion (negatively charged)

Hydrogen anions are formed when additional electrons are acquired:

  • Hydride
    Hydride

    Hydride is the name given to the Electric charge ion of hydrogen, H-. Although this ion does not exist except in extraordinary conditions, the term hydride is widely applied to describe Chemical compound of hydrogen with other chemical element, particularly those of Periodic table group 1–16....
    : general name referring to the negative ion of any hydrogen isotope
  • Deuteride: 2H-, D-
  • Tritide: 3H-, T-


In organic chemistry
Organic chemistry

Organic chemistry is a discipline within chemistry which involves the science study of the structure, properties, composition, chemical reaction, and preparation of chemical compounds that contain carbon....
, a hydrogen atom in a molecule is often referred to simply as a proton. The hydrogen anion
Hydrogen anion

The hydrogen anion is a Electric charge hydrogen ion, H-. It is an important constituent of the atmosphere of stars, such as the Sun, where it is the dominant absorber of photons with energies in the range 0.75-0.4 electronvolt, ranging from the infrared into the visible spectrum ....
 has played an important role in quantum physics.

See also

  • Acid
    Acid

    An acid is traditionally considered any chemical compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a hydrogen ion Activity greater than in pure water, i.e....
  • pH
    PH

    pH is a measure of the Acid or Base of a solution. It is defined as the cologarithm of the Activity of dissolved hydrogen ions . Hydrogen ion activity coefficients cannot be measured experimentally, so they are based on theoretical calculations....
  • Base (chemistry)
    Base (chemistry)

    In chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as an aqueous substance that can accept protons. A base is also often referred to as an alkali if OH- ions are involved....