How Students Learn: History, Mathematics, and Science in the Classroom
Encyclopedia
How People Learn is the title of an Educational Psychology
book edited by M. Suzanne Donovan and John D. Bransford
and published by the United States National Academy of Sciences
's National Academies Press
.
The book focuses on "three fundamental and well-established principles of learning that are highlighted in How People Learn
and are particularly important for teachers to understand and be able to incorporate in their teaching:
Educational psychology
Educational psychology is the study of how humans learn in educational settings, the effectiveness of educational interventions, the psychology of teaching, and the social psychology of schools as organizations. Educational psychology is concerned with how students learn and develop, often focusing...
book edited by M. Suzanne Donovan and John D. Bransford
John D. Bransford
Dr. John D. Bransford holds the Shauna C. LarsonUniversity Professor of Education and Psychology at the University of Washington in Seattle. Dr. Bransford is also Co-Principal Investigator and Director of , an ....
and published by the United States National Academy of Sciences
United States National Academy of Sciences
The National Academy of Sciences is a corporation in the United States whose members serve pro bono as "advisers to the nation on science, engineering, and medicine." As a national academy, new members of the organization are elected annually by current members, based on their distinguished and...
's National Academies Press
National Academies Press
National Academies Press was created by the United States National Academies, to publish the reports issued by the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council. It publishes nearly 200 books a year on a wide range...
.
The book focuses on "three fundamental and well-established principles of learning that are highlighted in How People Learn
How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School (expanded edition)
How People Learn is the title of an Educational Psychology book edited by John D. Bransford, Ann L. Brown, and Rodney R. Cocking and published by the United States National Academy of Sciences' National Academies Press...
and are particularly important for teachers to understand and be able to incorporate in their teaching:
- "Students come to the classroom with preconceptions about how the world works. If their initial understanding is not engaged, they may fail to grasp the new concepts and information, or they my learn them for purposes of a test but revert to their preconceptions outside the classroom.
- "To develop competence in an area of inquiry, students must (a) have a deep foundation of factual knowledge, (b) understand the facts and ideas in the context of a conceptConceptThe word concept is used in ordinary language as well as in almost all academic disciplines. Particularly in philosophy, psychology and cognitive sciences the term is much used and much discussed. WordNet defines concept: "conception, construct ". However, the meaning of the term concept is much...
ual framework, and (c) organize knowledge in ways that facilitate retrieval and application. - "A 'metacongnitiveMetacognitionMetacognition is defined as "cognition about cognition", or "knowing about knowing." It can take many forms; it includes knowledge about when and how to use particular strategies for learning or for problem solving...
' approach to instruction can help students learn to take control of their own learning by defining learning goals and monitoring their progressSelf-regulated learningThe term self-regulated can be used to describe learning that is guided by metacognition , strategic action , and motivation to learn...
in achieving them."