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hormone response element (HRE) is a
response elementResponse elements are short sequences of DNA within a gene promoter region that are able to bind a specific transcription factor and regulate transcription of genes.-Examples:Examples of response elements include:*Hormone response element...
for hormones, a short sequence of
DNADeoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms . The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in...
within the promoter of a gene that is able to bind a specific
hormone receptorA hormone receptor is a receptor protein on the surface of a cell or in its interior that binds to a specific hormone. The hormone causes many changes to take place in the cell....
complex and therefore regulate
transcriptionTranscription is the process of creating a complementary RNA copy of a sequence of DNA. Both RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, which use base pairs of nucleotides as a complementary language that can be converted back and forth from DNA to RNA by the action of the correct enzymes...
. The sequence is most commonly a pair of
inverted repeatAn inverted repeat is a sequence of nucleotides that is the reversed complement of another sequence further downstream.For example, 5'---GACTGC....GCAGTC---3'. When no nucleotides intervene between the sequence and its downstream complement, it is called a palindrome. Inverted repeats define the...
s separated by three nucleotides, which also indicates that the receptor binds as a
dimerIn biochemistry, a dimer is a macromolecular complex formed by two, usually non-covalently bound, macromolecules like proteins or nucleic acids...
.
A gene may have many different response elements, allowing complex control to be exerted over the level and rate of transcription.
HRE are used in transgenic animal cells as inducer of gene expression.