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A holarchy, in the terminology of Arthur Koestler
Arthur Koestler

Arthur Koestler Order of the British Empire was a Jewish-Hungary polymath author who became a naturalized United Kingdom subject....
, is a hierarchy
Hierarchy

A 'hierarchy' is an arrangement of items The word derives from the Greek language , from ?e?????? , "president of sacred rites, high-priest" and that from , "sacred" + , "to lead, to rule"....
 of holon
Holon (philosophy)

A holon is something that is simultaneously a whole and a part. The word was neologism by Arthur Koestler in his book The Ghost in the Machine ....
s — where a holon is both a part and a whole. The term was coined in Koestler's 1967 book The Ghost in the Machine
The Ghost in the Machine

The Ghost in the Machine is a 1967 non-fiction work by Arthur Koestler. The title is referring to the British philosopher Gilbert Ryle's Ghost in the machine of Ren? Descartes' mind-body Cartesian dualism....
. The term, spelled holoarchy, is also used extensively by American philosopher and writer Ken Wilber
Ken Wilber

Kenneth Earl Wilber Jr. is an American author who writes on psychology, philosophy, mysticism, ecology, and spiritual evolution. He has been described as New Age, although his writings are critical of much of the New Age Movement....
.

The "nested" nature of holons, where one holon can be considered as part of another, is similar to the term Panarchy
Panarchy

Panarchy is a conceptual term first coined by the Demographics of Belgium botanist and economist Paul Emile de Puydt in 1860, referring to a specific form of governance that would encompass all others ....
 as used by Adaptive Management
Adaptive management

Adaptive management , also known as adaptive resource management , is a structured, iteration process of optimal decision making in the face of uncertainty, with an aim to reducing uncertainty over time via System Monitoring....
 theorists Lance Gunderson and C.S.






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A holarchy, in the terminology of Arthur Koestler
Arthur Koestler

Arthur Koestler Order of the British Empire was a Jewish-Hungary polymath author who became a naturalized United Kingdom subject....
, is a hierarchy
Hierarchy

A 'hierarchy' is an arrangement of items The word derives from the Greek language , from ?e?????? , "president of sacred rites, high-priest" and that from , "sacred" + , "to lead, to rule"....
 of holon
Holon (philosophy)

A holon is something that is simultaneously a whole and a part. The word was neologism by Arthur Koestler in his book The Ghost in the Machine ....
s — where a holon is both a part and a whole. The term was coined in Koestler's 1967 book The Ghost in the Machine
The Ghost in the Machine

The Ghost in the Machine is a 1967 non-fiction work by Arthur Koestler. The title is referring to the British philosopher Gilbert Ryle's Ghost in the machine of Ren? Descartes' mind-body Cartesian dualism....
. The term, spelled holoarchy, is also used extensively by American philosopher and writer Ken Wilber
Ken Wilber

Kenneth Earl Wilber Jr. is an American author who writes on psychology, philosophy, mysticism, ecology, and spiritual evolution. He has been described as New Age, although his writings are critical of much of the New Age Movement....
.

The "nested" nature of holons, where one holon can be considered as part of another, is similar to the term Panarchy
Panarchy

Panarchy is a conceptual term first coined by the Demographics of Belgium botanist and economist Paul Emile de Puydt in 1860, referring to a specific form of governance that would encompass all others ....
 as used by Adaptive Management
Adaptive management

Adaptive management , also known as adaptive resource management , is a structured, iteration process of optimal decision making in the face of uncertainty, with an aim to reducing uncertainty over time via System Monitoring....
 theorists Lance Gunderson and C.S. Holling.

The universe as a whole is an example of a holarchy, or holarchical system
System

System is a set of interacting or interdependent entities, real or abstract, forming an integrated whole.The concept of an "integrated whole" can also be stated in terms of a system embodying a set of relationships which are differentiated from relationships of the set to other elements, and from relationships between an element of the se...
, and every other holarchy we are aware of is a part of this larger holarchy.

David Spangler
David Spangler

David Spangler is an American spiritual philosophy and self-described "practical mystic". Instrumental in helping establish Findhorn Foundation in northern Scotland, and a friend of William Irwin Thompson, he is considered one of the founding figures of the modern New Age movement, although he is highly critical of what much of the movement...
 offers an alternative definition of holarchy. He writes: "In a hierarchy
Hierarchy

A 'hierarchy' is an arrangement of items The word derives from the Greek language , from ?e?????? , "president of sacred rites, high-priest" and that from , "sacred" + , "to lead, to rule"....
, participants can be compared and evaluated on the basis of position, rank, relative power, seniority and the like. But in a holarchy each person’s value comes from his or her individuality and uniqueness and the capacity to engage and interact with others to make the fruits of that uniqueness available."

See also


  • Heterarchy
    Heterarchy

    A heterarchy is a system of organization replete with overlap, multiplicity, mixed ascendancy, and/or divergent-but-coexistent patterns of relation....
  • Panarchy
    Panarchy

    Panarchy is a conceptual term first coined by the Demographics of Belgium botanist and economist Paul Emile de Puydt in 1860, referring to a specific form of governance that would encompass all others ....
  • Hierarchy
    Hierarchy

    A 'hierarchy' is an arrangement of items The word derives from the Greek language , from ?e?????? , "president of sacred rites, high-priest" and that from , "sacred" + , "to lead, to rule"....
  • Polytely
    Polytely

    Polytely Polytel can be described as Frequently, complex problem-solving situations characterized by the presence of not one, but several goals, endings....


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