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Admiral Sir Henry Morgan (Hari Morgan in Welsh
Welsh language

Welsh ]], is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic languages spoken natively in Wales, in England by some along the Welsh Marches and in the Welsh settlement in Argentina in the Chubut Valley in Argentina Patagonia....
), (ca.
Circa

Circa means "in approximately", generally referring to a year. It is widely used in genealogy and historical writing, when the dates of events are approximately known....
 1635 – August 25, 1688) was a Welsh
Wales

native_name = Cymru|conventional_long_name = Wales|common_name = Wales|image_flag = Flag of Wales 2.svg|national_motto = ...
 privateer
Privateer

A privateer was a private warship authorized by a country's government by letters of marque to attack foreign shipping. Strictly, a privateer was only entitled by its state to attack and rob enemy vessels during wartime....
, who made a name in the Caribbean
Caribbean

The Caribbean is a region consisting of the Caribbean Sea, its islands , and the surrounding coasts. The region is located southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and Northern America, east of Central America, and to the north of South America....
 as a leader of privateers. He was one of the most notorious and successful privateers from Wales, and one of the most dangerous pirates that lurked in the Spanish Main
Spanish Main

The Spanish Main was the mainland coast of the Spanish Empire around the Caribbean, a region initially called "Spanish America." It included Florida, Mexico, Central America and the north coast of South America....
.

Early life
Henry Morgan was supposedly the oldest son of Robert Morgan, a squire
Squire

Medieval usageThe English word squire comes from the Old French , itself derived from the Vulgar Latin , in medieval or Old English a 'scutifer].....
 of Llanrumney
Llanrumney

Llanrumney is a district and suburb in the Cardiff East of Cardiff, the capital city of Wales....
 in the Welsh
Wales

native_name = Cymru|conventional_long_name = Wales|common_name = Wales|image_flag = Flag of Wales 2.svg|national_motto = ...
 county of Monmouthshire
Monmouthshire (historic)

Monmouthshire , also known as the County of Monmouth , is one of thirteen Historic counties of Wales of Wales and a former Administrative divisions of Wales....
.






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Admiral Sir Henry Morgan (Hari Morgan in Welsh
Welsh language

Welsh ]], is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic languages spoken natively in Wales, in England by some along the Welsh Marches and in the Welsh settlement in Argentina in the Chubut Valley in Argentina Patagonia....
), (ca.
Circa

Circa means "in approximately", generally referring to a year. It is widely used in genealogy and historical writing, when the dates of events are approximately known....
 1635 – August 25, 1688) was a Welsh
Wales

native_name = Cymru|conventional_long_name = Wales|common_name = Wales|image_flag = Flag of Wales 2.svg|national_motto = ...
 privateer
Privateer

A privateer was a private warship authorized by a country's government by letters of marque to attack foreign shipping. Strictly, a privateer was only entitled by its state to attack and rob enemy vessels during wartime....
, who made a name in the Caribbean
Caribbean

The Caribbean is a region consisting of the Caribbean Sea, its islands , and the surrounding coasts. The region is located southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and Northern America, east of Central America, and to the north of South America....
 as a leader of privateers. He was one of the most notorious and successful privateers from Wales, and one of the most dangerous pirates that lurked in the Spanish Main
Spanish Main

The Spanish Main was the mainland coast of the Spanish Empire around the Caribbean, a region initially called "Spanish America." It included Florida, Mexico, Central America and the north coast of South America....
.

Early life


Henry Morgan was supposedly the oldest son of Robert Morgan, a squire
Squire

Medieval usageThe English word squire comes from the Old French , itself derived from the Vulgar Latin , in medieval or Old English a 'scutifer].....
 of Llanrumney
Llanrumney

Llanrumney is a district and suburb in the Cardiff East of Cardiff, the capital city of Wales....
 in the Welsh
Wales

native_name = Cymru|conventional_long_name = Wales|common_name = Wales|image_flag = Flag of Wales 2.svg|national_motto = ...
 county of Monmouthshire
Monmouthshire (historic)

Monmouthshire , also known as the County of Monmouth , is one of thirteen Historic counties of Wales of Wales and a former Administrative divisions of Wales....
. However, it has also been postulated that he was from Abergavenny
Abergavenny

Abergavenny , meaning Mouth of the River Gavenny, is a market town in Monmouthshire, Wales.It is located 24 km west of Monmouth on the A40 road and A465 road roads, 10 km from the England border within the Welsh Marches....
 within the same county of Wales
Wales

native_name = Cymru|conventional_long_name = Wales|common_name = Wales|image_flag = Flag of Wales 2.svg|national_motto = ...
, there being a record of an entry in the 'Bristol Apprentice Books' showing 'Servants to Foreign Plantations' : February 9th 1655; 'Henry Morgan of Abergavenny, Labourer, Bound to Timothy Tounsend of Bristol, Cutler, for three years, to serve in Barbadoras on the like Condiciouns' ; there is no record of Morgan himself before 1665. He said later that he left school early, and was "more used to the pike than the book." Exquemelin says that he indentured in Barbados
Barbados

Barbados , situated just east of the Caribbean Sea, is an independent Continental Island-island nation in the western Atlantic Ocean. Located at roughly 13? North of the equator and 59? West of the prime meridian, it is considered a part of the Lesser Antilles....
 but he was forced to retract his claim and subsequent editions were amended after Morgan sued the publishers for libel and was awarded £200 against the publishers ; Richard Browne, his surgeon at Panama, said that Morgan came to Jamaica
Jamaica

Jamaica is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length and as much as in width situated in the Caribbean Sea. It is about south of Cuba, and west of the island of Hispaniola, on which Haiti and the Dominican Republic are situated....
 in 1658, as a young man, and raised himself to "fame and fortune by his valour". Jamaica had been conquered by the English Commonwealth in May 1655.

His uncle Edward Morgan was Lieutenant-Governor of Jamaica after the Restoration
English Restoration

The English Restoration, or simply The Restoration began in 1660 when the English monarchy, Scottish monarchy and Irish monarchy were restored under Charles II of England after the Interregnum that followed the English Civil War....
 of Charles II of England
Charles II of England

Charles II was the Monarchy of Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Scotland, and Kingdom of Ireland.His father Charles I of England Regicide#The regicide of Charles I of England at Palace of Whitehall on 30 January 1649, at the climax of the English Civil War....
 in 1660, and Henry Morgan married
Cousin couple

A cousin couple is a pair of cousins who are involved in a romantic love or sexual relationship. In some jurisdictions and cultures, cousins are Prohibited degree of kinship each other due to being incestuous....
 his uncle's daughter Mary. Therefore it is more likely that he was the "Captain Morgan" who joined the fleet of Christopher Myngs
Christopher Myngs

Sir Christopher Myngs , Kingdom of England admiral and pirate, came of a Norfolk family. Samuel Pepys' story of his humble birth, in explanation of his popularity, is said to be erroneous....
 in 1663 and accompanied the expedition of John Morris
John Morris (pirate)

John Morris was a British within the Caribbean during early-1660s until the early-1670s. His son, John Morris the Younger, held a command of his own ship during his father's later expeditions against Portobello and Maracaibo....
 and Jackman when the Spanish settlements at Vildemos
Villahermosa

Villahermosa is the capital city of the Mexican Mexican state of Tabasco, and the municipal seat of the Centro, Tabasco municipalities of Mexico....
 (on the Tabasco river
Grijalva River

Grijalva River, also Tabasco R. is a 480 km. long river in southeastern Mexico. It is named after Juan de Grijalva who visited the area in 1518....
), Trujillo
Trujillo, Colón

Trujillo is a city and a municipality on the northern Caribbean coast of the Honduras Departments of Honduras of Col?n department, Honduras, of which the city is the capital....
, (Honduras
Honduras

Honduras is a democratic republic in Central America. It was formerly known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras ....
) and Granada (in Coahuila
Coahuila

Coahuila, formally Coahuila de Zaragoza is one of Mexico's 31 component States of Mexico. It is located in the north of the country.To the north, Coahuila accounts for a stretch of the U.S....
, Mexico
Mexico

The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
) were taken.

In late 1665, Morgan commanded a ship in the old privateer Edward Mansfield
Edward Mansvelt

Edward Mansvelt or Mansfield was a 17th century Dutch corsair and buccaneer who, at one time, was acknowledged as an informal chieftain of the "Brethren of the Coast"....
's expedition sent by Sir Thomas Modyford
Thomas Modyford

Colonel Sir Thomas Modyford, 1st Baronet, was a planter of Barbados and Governor of Jamaica, 1664-70.Modyford was the son of a mayor of Exeter with family connections to the Duke of Albemarle, who emigrated to Barbados as a young man with other family members in 1647, in the opening stages of the English Civil War....
, the governor of Jamaica
Jamaica

Jamaica is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length and as much as in width situated in the Caribbean Sea. It is about south of Cuba, and west of the island of Hispaniola, on which Haiti and the Dominican Republic are situated....
, which seized the islands of Providence and Santa Catalina. When Mansfield was captured and killed by the Spanish shortly afterwards, Morgan was chosen by the privateers as their admiral.

Governor's commission, privateering career

In 1667, he was commissioned by Modyford to capture some Spanish prisoners in Cuba
Cuba

The Republic of Cuba is a country in the Caribbean. It consists of the island of Cuba , the island of Isla de la Juventud, and several adjacent small islands....
 in order to discover details of the threatened attack on Jamaica. Collecting 10 ships with 500 men, Morgan landed on the island and captured and sacked Puerto Principe (Spanish name for Port-au-Prince Haiti), then went on to take the fortified and well-garrisoned town of Portobelo, Panama
Panama

Panama, officially the Republic of Panama , is the southernmost country of Central America and, in turn, North America. Situated on an isthmus connecting North and South America, some categorize it as a transcontinental nation....
.

The governor of Panama, astonished at this daring adventure, attempted in vain to drive out the invaders, and finally Morgan consented to evacuate the place on the payment of a large ransom. These exploits had considerably exceeded the terms of Morgan's commission and had been accompanied by frightful cruelties and excesses, but the governor of Jamaica
Jamaica

Jamaica is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length and as much as in width situated in the Caribbean Sea. It is about south of Cuba, and west of the island of Hispaniola, on which Haiti and the Dominican Republic are situated....
 endeavoured to cover the whole under the necessity of allowing the English a free hand to attack the Spanish whenever possible. In London
London

London is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, and the most populous municipality in the European Union. An important settlement for two millennia, History of London goes back to its founding by the Roman Empire....
 the Admiralty publicly claimed ignorance about this, whilst Morgan and his crew returned to their base at Port Royal
Port Royal

Port Royal, Jamaica was the centre of shipping commerce in the islands of the Greater Antilles which make up the northeastern part of the outer ring of islands defining and enclosing the Caribbean Sea....
, Jamaica
Jamaica

Jamaica is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length and as much as in width situated in the Caribbean Sea. It is about south of Cuba, and west of the island of Hispaniola, on which Haiti and the Dominican Republic are situated....
, to celebrate.

Modyford almost immediately entrusted Morgan with another expedition against the Spaniards, and he proceeded to ravage the coast of Cuba
Cuba

The Republic of Cuba is a country in the Caribbean. It consists of the island of Cuba , the island of Isla de la Juventud, and several adjacent small islands....
. Soon after, England sent Port Royal HMS Oxford (as a gift meant to protect Port Royal); Port Royal gave it to Morgan to help his career. On January 1669, HMS Oxford was blown up accidentally when the ammunitions depot was lit during a party, with Morgan and his officers narrowly escaping death. In March he sacked Maracaibo
Maracaibo

Maracaibo is the second-largest city in Venezuela after the national capital Caracas and is the capital of Zulia state. Based on the 2001 census information, the estimated population of Maracaibo in 2007 is 3,200,000 inhabitants....
, Venezuela
Venezuela

Venezuela , officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a country on the northern coast of South America.The country comprises a continental mainland and numerous islands located off the Venezuelan coastline in the Caribbean Sea....
 which had emptied out when his fleet was first spied, and afterwards spent a few weeks at the Venezuelan settlement of Gibraltar on Lake Maracaibo
Lake Maracaibo

Lake Maracaibo is a large brackish bay in Venezuela at . It is connected to the Gulf of Venezuela by Tablazo Strait at the northern end, and fed by numerous rivers, the largest being the Catatumbo River....
, torturing the wealthy residents to discover hidden treasure.

Returning to Maracaibo, Morgan found three Spanish ships, the Magdalena, the San Luis, and the Soledad, waiting at the inlet to the Caribbean
Caribbean

The Caribbean is a region consisting of the Caribbean Sea, its islands , and the surrounding coasts. The region is located southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and Northern America, east of Central America, and to the north of South America....
; he destroyed the Magdalena, and captured the Soledad, while the San Luiss crew burned down their ship to stop the pirates from having it. Finally, by an ingenious stratagem, he faked a landward attack on the fort which convinced the governor to shift his cannon. In doing so, he eluded the enemy's guns altogether and escaped in safety. On his return to Jamaica
Jamaica

Jamaica is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length and as much as in width situated in the Caribbean Sea. It is about south of Cuba, and west of the island of Hispaniola, on which Haiti and the Dominican Republic are situated....
 he was again reproved, but not punished by Modyford.

The Spaniards for their part started to react and threaten Jamaica. A new commission was given to Morgan as commander-in-chief of all the ships of war in Jamaica, to levy war on the Spaniards and destroy their ships and stores - the booty gained in the expedition being the only pay. Thus Morgan and his crew were on this occasion privateer
Privateer

A privateer was a private warship authorized by a country's government by letters of marque to attack foreign shipping. Strictly, a privateer was only entitled by its state to attack and rob enemy vessels during wartime....
s, not pirates. After ravaging the coasts of Cuba and the mainland, Morgan determined on an expedition to Panama
Panama

Panama, officially the Republic of Panama , is the southernmost country of Central America and, in turn, North America. Situated on an isthmus connecting North and South America, some categorize it as a transcontinental nation....
.

He recaptured the island of Santa Catalina on December 15, 1670, and, on December 27, he gained possession of the fortress of San Lorenzo in the Caribbean coast of Panama
Colón Province

Col?n is a province of Panama. The capital is the city of Col?n, Panama.This province has traditionally been focused in commerce , but also has natural resources that are being developed as tourist attraction, such as coral reefs and rainforests....
, killing 300 men of the garrison and leaving 23 alive. Then with 1,400 men he ascended the Chagres River
Chagres River

The Chagres River is a river in central Panama. The central part of the river is dammed by the Gatun Dam and forms Gatun Lake, an artificial lake that constitutes part of the Panama Canal....
 towards the Pacific coast and Panama City
Panama City

Panama City is the Capital and largest city of the Panama. It has a population of 708,738, with a total metro population of 1,063,000, and it is located at the Pacific entrance of the Panama Canal, at ....
.

Burning of Panama and loss of British support

On January 18 1671, Morgan discovered that Panama
Panama

Panama, officially the Republic of Panama , is the southernmost country of Central America and, in turn, North America. Situated on an isthmus connecting North and South America, some categorize it as a transcontinental nation....
 had roughly 1,500 infantry
Infantry

Infantry are soldiers who are primarily trained for the role of fighting on foot. A soldier in the infantry is known as an infantryman. Infantry units have more physically demanding training than other branches of armies, and place a greater emphasis on fitness, physical strength and aggression....
 and cavalry
Cavalry

The Cavalry is the second oldest of the Combat Arms, and as soldiers or warriors who fought mounted on horseback in combat, it represents the mobility and offensive power of the armed forces....
. He split his forces in two, using one to march through the forest and flank the enemy. The Spaniards were untrained and rushed Morgan's line where he cut them down with gunfire, only to have his flankers emerge and finish off the rest of the Spanish soldiers. Although Panama was at the time the richest city in New Spain, Morgan and his men obtained far less plunder than they had expected. Much of the city's wealth had been removed onto a Spanish ship that then stood out into the Gulf of Panama
Gulf of Panama

The Gulf of Panama is a Headlands and bays in the Pacific Ocean, near the southern coast of Panama. It has a maximum width of 250 km, a maximum depth of 220 metres and the size of 2,400 square kilometers....
, beyond the looters' reach. Most of the inhabitants' remaining goods were destroyed in a fire of unclear cause. Morgan's men tortured those residents of Panama they could catch, but very little gold was forthcoming from the victims. After Morgan's attack, the Panama city had to be rebuilt in a new site a few kilometres to the west (the current site). The former site is called Panamá Viejo
Panama Viejo

Panam? Viejo is the remaining part of the old Panama City and former capital of the country. It is located in the suburbs of the modern city. Together with the historical district of Panam?, it forms a World Heritage Site....
 and still contains the remaining parts of the old Panama City.

Because the sack of Panama violated a peace treaty between England
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
 and Spain
Spain

Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
, Morgan was arrested and conducted to the Kingdom of England
Kingdom of England

The Kingdom of England was, from 927 to 1707, a state in North-West Europe. The Kingdom of England spanned the southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain and a number of smaller outlying islands?what is today the legal unit of England and Wales....
 in 1672. He proved he had no knowledge of the treaty. Instead of punishment, Morgan was knight
Knight

File:Gothic armor 2.jpgKnight is the term for a social position originating in the Middle Ages. In the Commonwealth of Nations, knighthood is a non-heritable form of gentry....
ed in 1674 before returning to Jamaica
Jamaica

Jamaica is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length and as much as in width situated in the Caribbean Sea. It is about south of Cuba, and west of the island of Hispaniola, on which Haiti and the Dominican Republic are situated....
 the following year to take up the post of Lieutenant Governor.

By 1681, then-acting governor Morgan had fallen out of favour with the English king, who was intent on weakening the semi-autonomous Jamaican Council, and was replaced by long-time political rival Thomas Lynch. He gained considerable weight and a reputation for rowdy drunkenness.

Retirement


In 1683, Morgan was suspended from the Jamaican Council by the machinations of Governor Lynch. Also during this time, an account of Morgan's disreputable exploits was published by Alexandre Exquemelin
Alexandre Exquemelin

Alexandre Olivier Exquemelin was a French writer most known as the author of one of the most important sourcebooks of seventeenth century pirate, first published in Dutch as De Americaensche Zee-Roovers, in Amsterdam, Jan ten Hoorn, in 1678....
, who once had been his confidante, probably as a barber-surgeon, in a Dutch volume entitled De Americaensche Zee-Roovers (History of the Buccaneers of America). Morgan took steps to discredit the book and successfully brought a libel suit against the book's publisher, securing a retraction and damages of two hundred English pounds (Campbell, 2003). The book nonetheless contributed much to Morgan's reputed fame as a bloodthirsty pirate over time.

When Thomas Lynch died in 1684, his friend Christopher Monck
Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle

Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle, Knight of the Garter, Privy Council of England was an England statesman and failed soldier.He was the son of George Monk, 1st Duke of Albemarle....
 was appointed to the governorship and arranged the dismissal of Morgan's suspension from the Jamaican Council in 1688. Morgan's health had steadily declined since 1681. He was diagnosed with "dropsie", but may have contracted tuberculosis
Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is a common and often deadly infectious disease caused by mycobacterium, mainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs but can also affect the central nervous system, the lymphatic system, the circulatory system, the genitourinary system, the gastrointestinal system, bones, joints, and even the...
 in London
London

London is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, and the most populous municipality in the European Union. An important settlement for two millennia, History of London goes back to its founding by the Roman Empire....
, and died August 25, 1688. It is also possible that he may have had liver failure due to his heavy drinking. He is buried in Palisadoes
Palisadoes

Palisadoes is the thin tombolo of sand that serves as a natural protection for the harbour of Kingston, Jamaica.Norman Manley International Airport and the historic town of Port Royal are both on Palisadoes, as is Palisadoes Raceway, a go-kart track on old runway on the airport's premises....
 cemetery, which sank beneath the sea after the 1692 earthquake.

Morgan had lived in an opportune time for pirates. He was successfully able to use the conflicts between England and her enemies both to support England and to enrich himself and his crews. With his death, the pirates who would follow would also use this same ploy, but with less successful results. He was also one of the few pirates who were able to retire from his piracy, having had great success, and with little legal retribution.

Appearances in popular culture


Film

  • The 1935 film Captain Blood, starring Errol Flynn
    Errol Flynn

    Errol Leslie Flynn was an Australian-born film actor, known for his romantic swashbuckler roles in Hollywood films and his flamboyant lifestyle....
    , based on Sabatini's novel (see below), is loosely based on Morgan's life. This film was Flynn's star-making role.
  • The 1942 film, The Black Swan
    The Black Swan (film)

    The Black Swan is a 1942 in film swashbuckler Technicolor film by Henry King , based on a novel by Rafael Sabatini, and starring Tyrone Power and Maureen O'Hara....
    , based on the novel of the same name by Rafael Sabatini
    Rafael Sabatini

    Rafael Sabatini was an Italy/United Kingdom writer of novels of romance novel and adventure novel....
    , contains a fictionalized account of Henry Morgan after becoming the governor of Jamaica. Morgan is portrayed by Laird Cregar
    Laird Cregar

    Laird Cregar was an United States actor....
     in the film.
  • The 1947 film Forever Amber
  • In the 1961 British puppet TV series, Supercar
    Supercar (TV series)

    Supercar was a children's TV show produced by Gerry Anderson and Arthur Provis's AP Films for Associated TeleVision and ITC Entertainment. 39 episodes were produced between 1961 and 1962, and it was Anderson's first half-hour series....
    , in the episode, "Pirate Plunder", a fictional descendant of Henry Morgan continued his ancestor's notorious legacy in a modern seaship called the Cuttlefish, which houses a machine gun and homing torpedoes.
  • The pirate code from the movie trilogy Pirates of the Caribbean
    Pirates of the Caribbean

    Pirates of the Caribbean is a multi-billion dollar The Walt Disney Company franchise encompassing a theme park ride, a series of Pirates of the Caribbean and spinoff novels as well as numerous video games and other publications....
     was said to be created by the pirates Morgan and Bartholomew Roberts
    Bartholomew Roberts

    Bartholomew Roberts was a Welsh people pirate who raided shipping off the Americas and West Africa between 1719 and 1722. He was the most successful pirate of the Golden Age of Piracy, capturing far more ships than some of the best-known pirates of this era such as Blackbeard or William Kidd....
    . "Morgan" clearly refers to Henry Morgan. However, Morgan's actual articles as reported by Exquemelin bear not the slightest resemblance to this code.
  • In 2006, The History Channel
    The History Channel

    History, formerly known as The History Channel, is an International Satellite channel and Cable channel TV channel, with shows on historical events and persons—often with observations and explanations by noted historians as well as historical reenactment and interviews with witnesses....
     premiered the documentary     True Caribbean Pirates, which retells the known facts of Henry Morgan's life and death through re-enactments. The Morgan segment takes place in the first half hour of this two hour special that highlights the true exploits of the most famous pirates from the golden age of piracy. Morgan is portrayed by Lance J. Holt.
  • The 1961 film Morgan the Pirate, starring Steve Reeves
    Steve Reeves

    Stephen L. Reeves was an American bodybuilding, actor, and author....
    , gives the account of how he became a pirate and was then courted by the British to work for them.
  • In another 1961 film, Pirates of Tortuga, Robert Stephens
    Robert Stephens

    Sir Robert Stephens was a leading actor in the early years of England's Royal National Theatre....
     portrays Morgan as having set up an independent pirate kingdom on Tortuga instead of answering Charles II's summons to England.


Literature

  • John Masefield
    John Masefield

    John Edward Masefield, Order of Merit, was an English poet and writer, and Poet Laureate from 1930 until his death in 1967. He is remembered as the author of the classic children's novels The Midnight Folk and The Box of Delights, 19 other novels , and many memorable poems, including "The Everlasting Mercy" and "Sea-Fever", f...
    's poem,     Captain Stratton's Fancy, is an ode to rum
    Rûm

    R?m, also Roum or Rhum , is a very indefinite term used at different times in the Muslim world to refer to the Balkans and Anatolia generally, and for the Byzantine Empire in particular, for the Seljuk Sultanate of R?m in Asia Minor, and for Greeks inhabiting Ottoman Empire or modern Turkey territory as well as for Greek Cypriots....
     that references Henry Morgan.
  • John Steinbeck
    John Steinbeck

    John Ernst Steinbeck III was an American literature. He wrote the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Grapes of Wrath, published in 1939 and the novella Of Mice and Men, published in 1937....
    's first novel, Cup of Gold
    Cup of Gold

    Cup of Gold can mean:*Cup of Gold by John Steinbeck, publ. 1929*Solandra maxima, a tropical tree-climbing plant...
    , written in 1926, is about Henry Morgan's life. It is a historical fiction with Henry Morgan as the main character.
  • In the third episode of Book 1 of Nicholas Monsarrat
    Nicholas Monsarrat

    Lieutenant Commander Nicholas John Turney Monsarrat Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve was a United Kingdom novelist best known today for his sea stories, particularly The Cruel Sea and Three Corvettes ....
    's The Master Mariner, anti-hero Matthew Lawe sails with Morgan as Mate.
  • Kathleen Winslor's romance novel, Forever Amber
    Forever Amber

    Forever Amber is a romance novel by Kathleen Winsor set in 17th century England. It was made Forever Amber in 1947 in film by 20th Century Fox....
     written in 1944.
  • Captain Blood
    Captain Blood (novel)

    Captain Blood: His Odyssey is an adventure novel by Rafael Sabatini, originally published in 1922....
    , a novel about piracy by Rafael Sabatini
    Rafael Sabatini

    Rafael Sabatini was an Italy/United Kingdom writer of novels of romance novel and adventure novel....
    , features a character, Peter Blood, whose adventures are reportedly based on the piratical exploits of Henry Morgan. Blood's attack on Maracaibo duplicates Morgan's in all essentials.
  • In the manga
    Manga

    , , are comics and print cartoons , in the Japanese language and conforming to the style developed in Japan in the late 20th century. In their modern form, manga date from shortly after World War II, but they have a long, complex pre-history in earlier Japanese art....
    /anime
    Anime

    is animation in Japan and considered to be "Japanese animation" in the rest of the world. Anime dates from about 1917.Anime, in addition to manga , is extremely popular in Japan and well known throughout the world....
         One Piece
    One Piece

    is a Japanese shonen manga written and illustrated by Eiichiro Oda, that has been serialized in Weekly Shonen Jump magazine since August 4, 1997....
    , there is a villain called Axe-Hand Morgan, who Eiichiro Oda
    Eiichiro Oda

    is a Japanese people mangaka, best known as the creator of the manga and anime One Piece....
     admitted was based on a real-life pirate. Although Axe-Hand Morgan was never a pirate and was originally a Captain from the Navy, now that he is an outlaw he may become a pirate.
  • F. Van Wyck Mason
    F. Van Wyck Mason

    Francis Van Wyck Mason was an United States historian and novelist. He had a long and prolific career as a writer spanning 50 years and including 65 published novels....
    's 1949 novel "Cutlass Empire" romanticizes Morgan's life, loves and battles.
  • Josephine Tey
    Josephine Tey

    Josephine Tey was one of many pseudonyms used by Elizabeth Mackintosh a Scottish people author best known for her mystery novels....
    's 1952 novel     The Privateer dramatizes Morgan's life.
  • Ian Fleming
    Ian Fleming

    Ian Lancaster Fleming was an English literature author and journalist. Fleming is best remembered for creating the character of James Bond and chronicling his adventures in twelve novels and nine short stories....
    's 1954 novel     Live and Let Die
    Live and Let Die (novel)

    Live and Let Die is the second novel in Ian Fleming's James Bond series. First published by Jonathan Cape on April 5, 1954, it is considered one of Fleming's most controversial novels due to its depiction of Afro-Caribbean people and voodoo....
     centres round events which follow from the discovery of treasure hidden by Morgan.
  • Kerry Newcomb's swashbuckler Mad Morgan, written in 2000, is based on Morgan's life and times.
  • Kage Baker
    Kage Baker

    Kage Baker is an United States science fiction and fantasy writer.She was born in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, California and has lived there and in Pismo Beach, California most of her life....
    's short novel "The Maid on the Shore," published in the short story collection     Dark Mondays, features Henry Morgan during his expedition to Panama.
  • Berton Braley
    Berton Braley

    Sorry, no overview for this topic
    's 1934 poem:
This is the ballad of Henry Morgan / Who troubled the sleep of the King of Spain / With a frowsy, blowsy, lousy pack / Of the water rats of the Spanish Main, / Rakes and rogues and mad rapscallions / Broken gentlemen, tattermedallions / Scum and scourge of the hemisphere, / Who looted the loot of the stately galleons, / Led by Morgan, the Buccaneer.
  • Albert Marrin's explanatory history for children, Terror of the Spanish Main 1999. ISBN 0-525-45942-1
  • Dudley Pope
    Dudley Pope

    Dudley Bernard Egerton Pope was a United Kingdom writer of both nautical fiction and history, most notable for his Lord Ramage series of historical novels....
    's     Harry Morgan's Way: The Biography of Sir Henry Morgan combines firsthand sailor's knowledge of the Caribbean and use of primary documents; noted in the bibliography of James Stuart Olson and Robert Shadle Historical Dictionary of the British Empire 1996
  • Stephan Talty's Empire of Blue Water, written in 2007, is a biography of Morgan and partial history of the conflict between the buccaneer
    Buccaneer

    The buccaneers were Piracy who attacked Habsburg Spain and France shipping in the Caribbean Sea during the late 17th century.The term buccaneer is now used generally as a synonym for pirate....
    s and the Spanish Empire
    Spanish Empire

    The Spanish Empire was one of the largest empires in world history, and one of the first global empires. It included territories and colonies ruled by Spain in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania between the 15th and late 19th centuries....
    .
  • James A. Michener
    James A. Michener

    James Albert Michener was an United States author of more than 40 titles, the majority of which are novels of sweeping sagas, covering the lives of many generations in a particular geographic locale and incorporating historical facts into the story as well....
    's novel     Caribbean, written in 1989, portrays Henry Morgan in the chapter entitled Buccaneer
    Buccaneer

    The buccaneers were Piracy who attacked Habsburg Spain and France shipping in the Caribbean Sea during the late 17th century.The term buccaneer is now used generally as a synonym for pirate....
    s.*
  • In the children's book De schat van Inktvis Eiland ("The treasure of Squid Island"), written by Reggie Naus in 2008 and set during the Golden Age of piracy, the ship's cook Old Anthony is an old buccaneer who claims to have sailed with Morgan. He tells his shipmates he was present at the sacking of Panama and was one of the few survivors when Morgan's men accidentally blew up their own ship.
  • Stephan Talty's Empire of Blue Water: Henry Morgan and the Pirates Who Rules the Caribbean Waves is a well researched book outlining the life and times of Henry Morgan. It provides an exciting look at the times as well as providing a look into the history of what lead to his ways and exploits.


Music

  • Peter Tosh
    Peter Tosh

    Peter Tosh, born Winston Hubert McIntosh was a reggae musician who was a core member of The Wailers who then went on to have a successful solo career as well as being a trailblazer for the Rastafari movement....
     mentions "The pirate Morgan" in his songs "Can't Blame The Youth" and "Here Comes The Judge"
  • Prince Far I
    Prince Far I

    Prince Far I was a reggae toasting and record producer and a Rastafari movement.Williams' first job in the music industry was as a deejay on the Sir Mike the Musical Dragon Sound system , also working as a security guard at Joe Gibbs ' studio, and later as a bouncer at Studio One, but after recording "The Great Booga Wooga" for Bunny L...
     mentions "Pirate Morgan" in his song "Head of the Buccaneer" on his album Voice of Thunder
    Voice of Thunder

    Voice of Thunder is a reggae album by Prince Far I, released by Trojan Records in 1981....
    .
  • Jimmy Cliff
    Jimmy Cliff

    Jimmy Cliff Jamaican Order of Merit is a Jamaican ska and reggae musician. He is best known among mainstream audiences for songs such as "Sittin' in Limbo", "You Can Get It If You Really Want", "Many Rivers to Cross" from the The Harder They Come to The Harder They Come which helped popularize reggae across the world; and for his cover...
     mentioned "Henry Morgan" in his song "Oh, Jamaica"
  • Capleton
    Capleton

    Capleton is a reggae and dancehall artist. He is also referred to as King Shango, King David, The Fyaman and The Prophet....
     references "Henry Morgan" in his song "Raggy Road"
  • Bankie Banx
    Bankie Banx

    Bankie Banx is a reggae singer, known as the "Anguillan Bob Dylan"....
     mentions "Sir Morgan" in his song, "Big Chief"
  • Amadan
    Amadan

    Amadan, originally based in Corvallis, Oregon , plays both punk and world music. They are often categorized as a Celtic punk band due to their Irish influences....
    , an Oregon-based Irish music band, told of the night of Sir Henry Morgan's death in a song titled "August 24th, 1688" on their album "Hell-Bent 4 Victory."
  • Celtic rock band Tempest
    Tempest (band)

    Tempest is a Celtic rock band from the San Francisco Bay Area, based in Oakland, California. They fuse together the traditional Celtic music with Norwegian and European folk, American folk, and Progressive rock....
     immortalized Henry Morgan in their song "Captain Morgan" which is featured on their albums     Bootleg, The 10th Anniversary Compilation and 15th Anniversary Collection.
  • The song "Kingston Market" by Harry Belafonte
    Harry Belafonte

    Harold George Belafonte, Jr. is a Jamaican American musician, actor and social activist. One of the most successful popular singers in history, he was dubbed the "King of Calypso music" a title which he was very reluctant to accept for popularizing the Caribbean musical style with an international audience in the 1950s....
     contains the line     Have you seen the ghost of Morgan?
  • The song "El Capitan" on OPM
    OPM (band)

    OPM is a Southern California based band . OPM has a distinctive sound, combining Hip hop music, rock music, and pop music with laid-back reggae....
    's album     Menace to Sobriety
    Menace to Sobriety (OPM album)

    Menace to Sobriety is the debut album by California band OPM , released in September 2000. The most notable tracks are "Heaven Is a Halfpipe" and "Fish Out of Water" which is on many compilation albums including "Skate to Hell"....
     mentions Captain Morgan
  • The album Good 'N' Cheap by Eggs over Easy
    Eggs over Easy

    Eggs over Easy were an American country-rock band, of the early 1970's, who visited London to record an album, and then became a resident band in a London public house, launching what subsequently became known as Pub rock ....
     featured a song titled "Henry Morgan" written and performed by Brien Bohn Hopkins and inspired by the novel     Cup of Gold by John Steinbeck
    John Steinbeck

    John Ernst Steinbeck III was an American literature. He wrote the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Grapes of Wrath, published in 1939 and the novella Of Mice and Men, published in 1937....
    .
  • The Mighty Diamonds
    The Mighty Diamonds

    The Mighty Diamonds are a Jamaican harmony trio, recording roots reggae with a strong Rastafari movementan influence. The group, which comprises Donald "Tabby" Shaw, Fitzroy "Bunny" Simpson, and Lloyd "Judge" Ferguson, was formed in 1969 and remains together as of 2008....
     recorded a song named "Morgan the Pirate"
  • Scottish heavy metal band Alestorm
    Alestorm

    Alestorm is a band from Perth, Scotland, Scotland, formed under the name Battleheart in 2004. Their music is characterised by a Pirates in popular culture, for which reason they describe their style as "True Scottish Pirate Metal"....
     named their first album     Captain Morgan's Revenge
    Captain Morgan's Revenge

    Captain Morgan's Revenge is the debut album by the Scottish power metal/folk metal band Alestorm. It was released in 2008 by Napalm Records....
     and there is a track on that album with the same name.
  • Peter Warlock
    Peter Warlock

    Peter Warlock was a pseudonym of Philip Arnold Heseltine , an England-Welsh composer and music critic. Although he used his own name when writing as a music critic, he composed under the pseudonym "Peter Warlock" and is now better known by this name....
    's amusing and memorable song 'Captain Straton's Fancy' describes the love of rum attributed to 'the old bold mate of Henry Morgan.'


Other products


  • Sir Henry is immortalised now by Captain Morgan
    Captain Morgan

    Captain Morgan is a brand of rum produced by Diageo. It is named after the 17th-century Caribbean privateer from Wales, Henry Morgan. Captain Morgan's slogan is "Got a little Captain in You?"...
    's Spiced Rum
    Rûm

    R?m, also Roum or Rhum , is a very indefinite term used at different times in the Muslim world to refer to the Balkans and Anatolia generally, and for the Byzantine Empire in particular, for the Seljuk Sultanate of R?m in Asia Minor, and for Greeks inhabiting Ottoman Empire or modern Turkey territory as well as for Greek Cypriots....
    , though it is produced in both Puerto Rico
    Puerto Rico

    Puerto Rico , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , is a Autonomy Territories of the United States of the United States located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of the Virgin Islands....
     and Jamaica, and he is also preserved as a World Stars action figure.
  • In the video game Sid Meier's Pirates!
    Sid Meier's Pirates!

    Sid Meier's Pirates! is a computer game created by Sid Meier and published and developed by MicroProse in 1987. It was the first game to include the name "Sid Meier" in its title as an effort by MicroProse to attract fans of Meier's earlier games, most of which were Flight simulator#Flight Simulators at Home....
    , Henry Morgan is the most notorious pirate with whom the player competes.
  • is the name of a popular game of chance manufactured in the USA by Channel Craft based on Sir Henry Morgan's travels and exploits.
  • The Hotel Henry Morgan, located in Roatan
    Roatán

    Roat?n, located between the islands of ?tila and Guanaja , is the largest of Honduras' Bay Islands . The island was formerly known as Ruatan and Rattan....
    , the largest of Honduras
    Honduras

    Honduras is a democratic republic in Central America. It was formerly known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras ....
    ' Bay Islands
    Bay Islands

    Bay Islands may refer to:* Bay Islands , Honduras* Bay Islands , Australia...
    , and the Port Morgan resort located in Haiti
    Haiti

    Haiti , officially the Republic of Haiti , is a Haitian Creole language- and French language-speaking Caribbean country. Along with the Dominican Republic, it occupies the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antilles archipelago....
    ; on the offshore island of Ile a Vache
    Île à Vache

    ?le ? Vache is a small island lying off the south-west peninsula of Haiti near the town of Les Cayes. Administratively it is part of the Sud Department....
     both bear the name of the notorious pirate.
  • The pirate-themed television show Survivor: Pearl Islands
    Survivor: Pearl Islands

    Survivor: Pearl Islands was the seventh season of the United States reality show Survivor . It was filmed in 2003 and debuted in the United States on CBS on September 18, 2003....
     featured teams named Morgan and Drake (the latter after Sir Francis Drake).


External links