A Grama in Halacha is something that was caused by something else but whose outcome is not guaranteed.

There is a rule that Grama benizakin patur. If somebody caused financial harm to somebody else via an action that was not guaranteed to harm them, the person cannot be forced by a court

Beth din

A beth din, bet din, beit din or beis din is a rabbinical court of Judaism. In ancient times, it was the building block of the legal system in the Biblical Land of Israel...

to pay, although he might be morally obligated to.