G. T. Hine
Encyclopedia
George Thomas Hine was an English architect
.
Son of Thomas Chambers Hine
of Nottingham
, with whom he was in partnership up to 1891. Hine specialized in asylum architecture
, and his paper to the RIBA
in 1901 still provides a valuable review of asylum
design and planning. In 1887, after winning the competition for the enormous new LCC (London County Council) asylum at Claybury, Essex, he established his practise in London. This was strengthened by his experience as Consulting Architect to the Commissioners in Lunacy - a post which he held from 1897, succeeding Charles Henry Howell
. He was a frequent entrant for asylum competitions, winning his first, for Nottingham Asylum, in 1875. During the 1880s and 1890s he entered ten asylum competitions - winning five - and was assessor for four others. He designed and saw completed four major LCC asylums housing over 2000 patients each (Claybury
, Bexley, Horton and Long Grove
), and his prolific output included new county asylums for Hertfordshire, Lincolnshire, Hampshire, Surrey, East Sussex and Worcestershire, as well as extensive additions to many others. His concentration on this one building type reflected his own perception of asylum architecture as an "almost distinct profession in itself".
Hine's asylum designs had several distinguishing features that can be used to identify one of his many projects. All were built in red brick
and had grey stonework. His later designs often features a polychrome white/red brick pattern, especially for window mullion
s, although this was a relatively common architectural detail at the time and not exclusive to Hine. Hine was an early exponent of the 'echelon' design of asylums. His hospitals tend to lack unnecessary embellishments inside and out, especially when compared to other British asylum designs such the Royal Holloway Sanatorium or High Royds Hospital
. An interior design feature unique to Hine and used in many of his asylums was the fitting of brown glazed tile
s up the lower half of corridors, stairwells and other non-residential rooms.
Architect
An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
.
Son of Thomas Chambers Hine
Thomas Chambers Hine
Thomas Chambers Hine 1814 - 1899 was an architect based in Nottingham.He was born in Covent Garden into a prosperous middle class family, the eldest son of a hosiery manufacturer. He was articled to the London architect Matthew Habershorn. In 1837 he arrived in Nottingham and formed a partnership...
of Nottingham
Nottingham
Nottingham is a city and unitary authority in the East Midlands of England. It is located in the ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire and represents one of eight members of the English Core Cities Group...
, with whom he was in partnership up to 1891. Hine specialized in asylum architecture
Asylum architecture
Asylum Architecture in the United States, including the architecture of psychiatric hospitals, has had an impact on the changing methods of treating the insane in the United States during the nineteenth century. The architecture was considered part of the cure...
, and his paper to the RIBA
Riba
Riba means one of the senses of "usury" . Riba is forbidden in Islamic economic jurisprudence fiqh and considered as a major sin...
in 1901 still provides a valuable review of asylum
Psychiatric hospital
Psychiatric hospitals, also known as mental hospitals, are hospitals specializing in the treatment of serious mental disorders. Psychiatric hospitals vary widely in their size and grading. Some hospitals may specialise only in short-term or outpatient therapy for low-risk patients...
design and planning. In 1887, after winning the competition for the enormous new LCC (London County Council) asylum at Claybury, Essex, he established his practise in London. This was strengthened by his experience as Consulting Architect to the Commissioners in Lunacy - a post which he held from 1897, succeeding Charles Henry Howell
Charles Henry Howell
Charles Henry Howell FRIBA was the principal architect of lunatic asylums in England during much of the Victorian era.Based in London and a partner in the firm Howell & Brooks, Howell designed asylums at Cane Hill , East Riding at Beverley , Moulsford, near Wallingford , Brookwood , Cholsey...
. He was a frequent entrant for asylum competitions, winning his first, for Nottingham Asylum, in 1875. During the 1880s and 1890s he entered ten asylum competitions - winning five - and was assessor for four others. He designed and saw completed four major LCC asylums housing over 2000 patients each (Claybury
Claybury Asylum
Claybury Asylum was a psychiatric hospital at Woodford Bridge in Essex. It was opened in 1893 making it the fifth London County Council Asylum.-History:...
, Bexley, Horton and Long Grove
Long Grove Hospital
Long Grove Hospital used to be a mental hospital in Epsom, Surrey in the United Kingdom.It was designed by George Thomas Hine. Patients include Josef Hassid , Ronnie Kray and George Pelham .The hospital closed in 1992 and has since been converted into Clarendon...
), and his prolific output included new county asylums for Hertfordshire, Lincolnshire, Hampshire, Surrey, East Sussex and Worcestershire, as well as extensive additions to many others. His concentration on this one building type reflected his own perception of asylum architecture as an "almost distinct profession in itself".
Hine's asylum designs had several distinguishing features that can be used to identify one of his many projects. All were built in red brick
Brick
A brick is a block of ceramic material used in masonry construction, usually laid using various kinds of mortar. It has been regarded as one of the longest lasting and strongest building materials used throughout history.-History:...
and had grey stonework. His later designs often features a polychrome white/red brick pattern, especially for window mullion
Mullion
A mullion is a vertical structural element which divides adjacent window units. The primary purpose of the mullion is as a structural support to an arch or lintel above the window opening. Its secondary purpose may be as a rigid support to the glazing of the window...
s, although this was a relatively common architectural detail at the time and not exclusive to Hine. Hine was an early exponent of the 'echelon' design of asylums. His hospitals tend to lack unnecessary embellishments inside and out, especially when compared to other British asylum designs such the Royal Holloway Sanatorium or High Royds Hospital
High Royds Hospital
High Royds Hospital is a former psychiatric hospital south of the village of Menston, West Yorkshire, England. The hospital is located in the City of Leeds metropolitan borough as the border with the City of Bradford metropolitan borough passes between the hospital and the village...
. An interior design feature unique to Hine and used in many of his asylums was the fitting of brown glazed tile
Tile
A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone, metal, or even glass. Tiles are generally used for covering roofs, floors, walls, showers, or other objects such as tabletops...
s up the lower half of corridors, stairwells and other non-residential rooms.
External links
- Jeremy Taylor (1991). "Hospital and Asylum Architecture in England 1840-1914: Building for Health Care". London ; New York : Mansell. ISBN 0-7201-2059-4.
- A website documenting many UK asylums, including several Hine buildings such as Hellingly and Rauceby Hospitals