Ethiopian general election, 1957
Encyclopedia
General elections were held in Ethiopia in 1957, to elect 210 members of the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the Ethiopian parliament (members of the upper house, the Senate, were appointed by the Emperor
). These elections followed the new constitution
which had been enacted by Emperor Haile Selassie in 1955, and were the first ever held in that ancient country.
The regulations for this election were set forth in Proclamation 152 of 1952. This law set up a Central Election Board of three members, which worked with the help of the Ethiopian Ministry of Interior. Each rural constituency of 200,000 eligible voters elected two members for the Chamber. Political parties were not authorized at this time, so competition for office were "reduced to the level of individual competition," according to Bahru Zewdu. "Given the attractive salary of deputies as well as the social status enjoyed by them, that competition was understandably keen. Parliament thus became a vehicle for self-promotion rather than a forum of popular representation."
In broad terms, there was universal suffrage for everyone born in Ethiopia and over 21 in age. The prospective voter was required to live in the electoral district for at least one year, not be disqualified by insanity, loss of civil rights pursuant to the penal code law, or be incarcerated. However, candidates had to meet specific property qualifications. According to Edmond Keller, "A candidate had to own at least E$
850 in land in the constituency he proposed to represent, or he had to possess at least E$ 1,700 in moveable property." Along with the relatively expensive cost of campaigning greatly restricted the number of people who could run for office. As a result, a disproportionate number of candidates were from aristocratic families -- 26%, according to Edmond Keller.
Emperor of Ethiopia
The Emperor of Ethiopia was the hereditary ruler of Ethiopia until the abolition of the monarchy in 1974. The Emperor was the head of state and head of government, with ultimate executive, judicial and legislative power in that country...
). These elections followed the new constitution
1955 Constitution of Ethiopia
Emperor Haile Selassie proclaimed a revised constitution in November 1955 of the Empire of Ethiopia. This constitution was prompted, like its 1931 predecessor, by a concern with international opinion...
which had been enacted by Emperor Haile Selassie in 1955, and were the first ever held in that ancient country.
The regulations for this election were set forth in Proclamation 152 of 1952. This law set up a Central Election Board of three members, which worked with the help of the Ethiopian Ministry of Interior. Each rural constituency of 200,000 eligible voters elected two members for the Chamber. Political parties were not authorized at this time, so competition for office were "reduced to the level of individual competition," according to Bahru Zewdu. "Given the attractive salary of deputies as well as the social status enjoyed by them, that competition was understandably keen. Parliament thus became a vehicle for self-promotion rather than a forum of popular representation."
In broad terms, there was universal suffrage for everyone born in Ethiopia and over 21 in age. The prospective voter was required to live in the electoral district for at least one year, not be disqualified by insanity, loss of civil rights pursuant to the penal code law, or be incarcerated. However, candidates had to meet specific property qualifications. According to Edmond Keller, "A candidate had to own at least E$
Ethiopian birr
The birr is the unit of currency in Ethiopia. Before 1976, dollar was the official English translation of birr. Today, it is officially birr in English as well....
850 in land in the constituency he proposed to represent, or he had to possess at least E$ 1,700 in moveable property." Along with the relatively expensive cost of campaigning greatly restricted the number of people who could run for office. As a result, a disproportionate number of candidates were from aristocratic families -- 26%, according to Edmond Keller.
External links
- "Ethiopia: The Day of Fulfillment", Time magazine, published 11 November 1957