In
scienceScience is in its broadest sense to any systematic knowledge-base or prescriptive practice that is capable of resulting in a prediction or predictable type of outcome...
, the
equivalent spherical diameter (or
ESD) of an irregularly-shaped object is the
diameterIn geometry, a diameter of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the center of the circle and whose endpoints are on the circle. The diameters are the longest chords of the circle...
of a
sphereA sphere is a perfectly round geometrical object in three-dimensional space, such as the shape of a round ball. Like a circle in two dimensions, a perfect sphere is completely symmetrical around its center, with all points on the surface lying the same distance r from the center point...
of equivalent
volumeThe volume of any solid, liquid, gas, plasma, theoretical object, or vacuum is how much three-dimensional space it occupies, often quantified numerically. One-dimensional figures and two-dimensional shapes are assigned zero volume in the three-dimensional space...
.
According to the IUPAC definition, the equivalent diameter of a non-spherical particle is equal to a diameter of a spherical particle that exhibits identical property (e.g., aerodynamic, hydrodynamic, optical, electrical) to that of the investigated non-spherical particle.
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In
scienceScience is in its broadest sense to any systematic knowledge-base or prescriptive practice that is capable of resulting in a prediction or predictable type of outcome...
, the
equivalent spherical diameter (or
ESD) of an irregularly-shaped object is the
diameterIn geometry, a diameter of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the center of the circle and whose endpoints are on the circle. The diameters are the longest chords of the circle...
of a
sphereA sphere is a perfectly round geometrical object in three-dimensional space, such as the shape of a round ball. Like a circle in two dimensions, a perfect sphere is completely symmetrical around its center, with all points on the surface lying the same distance r from the center point...
of equivalent
volumeThe volume of any solid, liquid, gas, plasma, theoretical object, or vacuum is how much three-dimensional space it occupies, often quantified numerically. One-dimensional figures and two-dimensional shapes are assigned zero volume in the three-dimensional space...
.
According to the IUPAC definition, the equivalent diameter of a non-spherical particle is equal to a diameter of a spherical particle that exhibits identical property (e.g., aerodynamic, hydrodynamic, optical, electrical) to that of the investigated non-spherical particle. For particles in non-turbulent motion, the equivalent diameter is identical to the diameter encountered in the
Stokes' lawIn 1851, George Gabriel Stokes derived an expression, now known as Stokes' law, for the frictional force — also called drag force — exerted on spherical objects with very small Reynolds numbers in a continuous viscous fluid...
.