Enigma, Georgia
Encyclopedia
Enigma is a town in Berrien County
, Georgia
, United States. The population was 869 at the 2000 census.
, on Highway 82
. The town was founded between 1876-1880 by John A. Ball. It did not start out named "Enigma." Originally a settlement, it was commonly referred to as "Gunn and Weston" until Ball decided he wanted a real name for this town. Two names, "Lax" and "Enigma", were proposed to state officials for review. Lax was already taken by another nearby settlement and so "Enigma" became the official name. Enigma is an odd name for a town; by definition it means a puzzle or mystery. Ball said, "It was a puzzle what to name it anyway." The town was incorporated on August 21, 1906.
Ball along with his family originated in Raleigh, N.C., traveling to South Georgia on the Brunswick and Western Railroad
. He became the town's first postmaster, and not long afterward, Capt J.B. Gunn from Terrell County, Georgia
came as an assistant. Ball and his son Jim started a turpentine business around 1878. Ball returned to Raleigh to bring back a man named Tubb Daughtry and his family to help run the business. He gave them land to live on and permission to worship as they pleased. The turpentine business soon dwindled and lumber became the main focus. Capt. J. B. Gunn and Capt. S. R. Weston built a sawmill two miles east of Enigma. H. F. Stewart came to work in the sawmill.
Other businesses opened in Enigma throughout the years, including a grocery, merchandise, and hardware stores. E.F. Bussey set up a merchandise store in a building owned at one time by Gunn. This building also housed the U.S. Post Office and sold coffins on its second story. It was located on the south side of the railroad. The railroad's closest depot was in Brookfield, Ga., four miles away. Enigma had a doctor's office run by G.R. Parker. There have been three banks in Enigma throughout the years. Two banks were started around 1915 to 1917 and the other one was started in 1973. The People's Bank opened in 1915 and closed in 1916, and the Ambrose-Enigma Banking Company opened on June 5, 1917 and closed around 1920. The Bank of Alapaha opened a branch in Enigma on March 1, 1973 and is still in business today.
Enigma's first fire department was established in 1893 with a cistern to hold ten thousand gallons of water and have a pump and hose ready in case of fire. The first car in Enigma was a Rio owned by Dr. J.H. Hammond in 1893. The telephones were in operation earlier around the beginning of the 1900s. The first airplane to fly over Enigma was in 1918. Enigma's first electric lights were set up in approximately 1936, and the city water system was put into place about 1955, by Mayor J.D. Stoner. The oddest thing about Enigma is that there was once a well in the middle of Main Street. Pictures of this are hard to find and many of those who lived to see it are not around anymore.
According to the United States Census Bureau
, the town has a total area of 3.3 square miles (8.5 km²), of which, 3.2 square miles (8.3 km²) of it is land and 0.04 square mile (0.1035995244 km²) of it (0.91%) is water.
of 2000, there were 869 people, 313 households, and 231 families residing in the town. The population density
was 267.2 people per square mile (103.2/km²). There were 348 housing units at an average density of 107.0 per square mile (41.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 77.79% White, 10.36% African American, 0.12% Asian, 0.92% Pacific Islander, 9.32% from other races
, and 1.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.85% of the population.
There were 313 households out of which 43.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.6% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.9% were non-families. 23.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.24.
In the town the population was spread out with 35.4% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 18.4% from 45 to 64, and 8.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females there were 97.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.1 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $25,268, and the median income for a family was $27,375. Males had a median income of $22,202 versus $16,964 for females. The per capita income
for the town was $14,498. About 20.9% of families and 24.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.4% of those under age 18 and 19.5% of those age 65 or over.
Berrien County, Georgia
Berrien County is a county located in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of 2000, the population is 16,235. The 2007 Census Estimate placed the population at 16,722. The county seat is Nashville....
, Georgia
Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia is a state located in the southeastern United States. It was established in 1732, the last of the original Thirteen Colonies. The state is named after King George II of Great Britain. Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution, on January 2, 1788...
, United States. The population was 869 at the 2000 census.
History
Enigma, Georgia, is a small town in South Georgia located in the northwest tip of Berrien County, nine miles east of TiftonTifton, Georgia
Tifton is a city in Tift County, Georgia, United States. The population was 15,060 at the 2000 census. The city is the county seat of Tift County.-Major highways:* Interstate 75* U.S. Highway 41* U.S. Highway 82* U.S...
, on Highway 82
U.S. Route 82
U.S. Route 82 is an east–west United States highway in the southern United States. What started as a 1932 addition to the system across central Mississippi and southern Arkansas eventually became a 1,609 mile route extending from the White Sands of New Mexico to Georgia's Atlantic coast.The...
. The town was founded between 1876-1880 by John A. Ball. It did not start out named "Enigma." Originally a settlement, it was commonly referred to as "Gunn and Weston" until Ball decided he wanted a real name for this town. Two names, "Lax" and "Enigma", were proposed to state officials for review. Lax was already taken by another nearby settlement and so "Enigma" became the official name. Enigma is an odd name for a town; by definition it means a puzzle or mystery. Ball said, "It was a puzzle what to name it anyway." The town was incorporated on August 21, 1906.
Ball along with his family originated in Raleigh, N.C., traveling to South Georgia on the Brunswick and Western Railroad
Brunswick and Western Railroad
The Brunswick and Western Railroad was formed in 1882 through a reorganization of the Brunswick and Albany Railroad. It ran of track between Albany and Brunswick, Georgia, USA. In 1888, the railroad was purchased by the Savannah, Florida and Western Railroad and was fully integrated into the...
. He became the town's first postmaster, and not long afterward, Capt J.B. Gunn from Terrell County, Georgia
Terrell County, Georgia
Terrell County is a county located in the U.S. state of Georgia. The 2000 United States Census reported the county's population at 10,970. The 2007 Census Estimate shows a population of 10,260...
came as an assistant. Ball and his son Jim started a turpentine business around 1878. Ball returned to Raleigh to bring back a man named Tubb Daughtry and his family to help run the business. He gave them land to live on and permission to worship as they pleased. The turpentine business soon dwindled and lumber became the main focus. Capt. J. B. Gunn and Capt. S. R. Weston built a sawmill two miles east of Enigma. H. F. Stewart came to work in the sawmill.
Other businesses opened in Enigma throughout the years, including a grocery, merchandise, and hardware stores. E.F. Bussey set up a merchandise store in a building owned at one time by Gunn. This building also housed the U.S. Post Office and sold coffins on its second story. It was located on the south side of the railroad. The railroad's closest depot was in Brookfield, Ga., four miles away. Enigma had a doctor's office run by G.R. Parker. There have been three banks in Enigma throughout the years. Two banks were started around 1915 to 1917 and the other one was started in 1973. The People's Bank opened in 1915 and closed in 1916, and the Ambrose-Enigma Banking Company opened on June 5, 1917 and closed around 1920. The Bank of Alapaha opened a branch in Enigma on March 1, 1973 and is still in business today.
Economy
Most citizens of Enigma commute to neighboring towns to work and shop. The town's economy is based primarily on agriculture. The Tree Trunk Restaurant (owned by Bobby Rowan former senator of Georgia) is its only restaurant, and it has 3 gas stations - the Quick Stop #2 (#1 is in Brookfield) and the Enigma Market which is also a mini grocery store and the Express it, and all three are located on Highway 82. Also located on Highway 82 is B&G Heating and Cooling, a small business run by Bob Miley and other members of the Miley family which specializes in repairing and installing air conditioning units. The Post Office, Glass Unlimited, Volunteer Fire Department, City Hall, the salon (Freida's Beauty Barn), and the Bank of Alapaha are all located on Main Street. Just off of Main Street is the factory Geo Tex, LLC Plant #2 where screening is made. There is also Berrien Peanut Company two and a half miles outside of Enigma and there used to be a skating rink about a mile from Berrien Peanut Company. There are other buildings on Main Street and Highway 82 but they are currently vacant.Schools
The Enigma school was located on the north side of town. It started as a one-room school house then moved to a three-room school house. A large brick building was built in 1926 to serve as a new school, also on the north side, just across from Highway 82. In the 1950s all county high schools were consolidated into Berrien High in Nashville, the county seat. The original Enigma school building was still in use as part of the elementary school when it burned in October 1973. The gymnasium and cafeteria were still standing and portable classrooms were brought in so the school could continue until it was rebuilt. The school merged with the other schools in the county in the 1980s to form Berrien high, middle, elementary, and primary schools The school grounds now serve as the Enigma City Park.Functions
The Park holds the town's annual Fourth of July celebration, consisting of vendors, exhibits and the Miss Enigma Firecracker Pageant, each year. The town also hosts a Halloween Trick or Treat and a Christmas Parade each year.Churches
There are several churches in the Enigma community. Most have some affiliation with the Baptist Denomination. On the north side of town from highway 82 west is the St. Stephen's Missionary Baptist Church. On the same road across highway 82, there is the Mount. Zion Holiness Baptist Church, which was organized in 1921. The Christian Church opened in June 1908 and was torn down and rebuilt in 1946, it added an education annex in 1960. It is located on Main Street, one block west of Mount. Zion. Also on Main Street are Enigma Baptist Church and Enigma Methodist Church next door to one another. The Enigma Baptist is one of the oldest churches in town, it began in 1889. It started as the Enigma Missionary Baptist Church. It joined the Mell Baptist Association shortly after both began and is still part of the association. In the 1910s the church was destroyed by a tornado leaving only the pulpit and a chair on the podium. The Methodist Church also has been around for several years opening its doors in 1886. An architect from Canada named John C. Gubesm designed and built it. Harvest Time Christian Outreach is across highway 82 from the Quick Stop #2. The church was opened by Becky King approximately three years ago, she leads the community in clothing drives, community bon fires, and the church has opened a sawmill on a vacant lot in the start of building a church. They are located in a small trailer until the new church is built. Pine Ridge Missionary Church is a relatively new church, just established in April 1962. It is part of the Smyrna Missionary Baptist Association. It is just outside of town across the road from Berrien Peanut Company.Interesting information
Enigma really is not known for any mystery, and does not have anyone famous from it except for Bobby Rowan, former senator in the Georgia Senate and Naomi Sego, a gospel singer. A 1971 novel by Harry Crews, The Gospel Singer, is set partly in Enigma, but Crews grew up in nearby Fitzgerald.Enigma's first fire department was established in 1893 with a cistern to hold ten thousand gallons of water and have a pump and hose ready in case of fire. The first car in Enigma was a Rio owned by Dr. J.H. Hammond in 1893. The telephones were in operation earlier around the beginning of the 1900s. The first airplane to fly over Enigma was in 1918. Enigma's first electric lights were set up in approximately 1936, and the city water system was put into place about 1955, by Mayor J.D. Stoner. The oddest thing about Enigma is that there was once a well in the middle of Main Street. Pictures of this are hard to find and many of those who lived to see it are not around anymore.
Geography
Enigma is located at 31°24′41"N 83°19′52"W (31.411466, -83.331056).According to the United States Census Bureau
United States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census. It also gathers other national demographic and economic data...
, the town has a total area of 3.3 square miles (8.5 km²), of which, 3.2 square miles (8.3 km²) of it is land and 0.04 square mile (0.1035995244 km²) of it (0.91%) is water.
Demographics
As of the censusCensus
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
of 2000, there were 869 people, 313 households, and 231 families residing in the town. The population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
was 267.2 people per square mile (103.2/km²). There were 348 housing units at an average density of 107.0 per square mile (41.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 77.79% White, 10.36% African American, 0.12% Asian, 0.92% Pacific Islander, 9.32% from other races
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...
, and 1.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.85% of the population.
There were 313 households out of which 43.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.6% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.9% were non-families. 23.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.24.
In the town the population was spread out with 35.4% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 18.4% from 45 to 64, and 8.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females there were 97.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.1 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $25,268, and the median income for a family was $27,375. Males had a median income of $22,202 versus $16,964 for females. The per capita income
Per capita income
Per capita income or income per person is a measure of mean income within an economic aggregate, such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate and dividing it by the total population...
for the town was $14,498. About 20.9% of families and 24.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.4% of those under age 18 and 19.5% of those age 65 or over.
External links
- http://www.berriencountyga.com
- http://www.berrien.k12.ga.us/