Endemic birds of Borneo
Encyclopedia
This article is one of a series providing information about endemism
among birds in the World's various zoogeographic zones. For an overview of this subject see Endemism in birds
.
has a single endemic family, Pityriaseidae, containing a single species, the Bornean Bristlehead
.
In addition, there are the following endemic genera (all of which are also monotypic):
has defined the following Endemic Bird Areas (EBAs) in Borneo:
157, Bornean mountains
In addition there are five Secondary Areas. There are two islands groups (the North-east Bornean islands, s097, and the Natuna islands
, (s101)) and three areas on Borneo itself, the Sabah lowlands (s098), the Kalimantan lowlands (s099), and the Bornean coastal zone (s100).
The Black-browed Babbler
is endemic to the Kalimantan lowlands Secondary Area.
The White-fronted Falconet
is endemic to the Sabah lowlands Secondary Area.
The Borneo Island Thrush
, a subspecies of the Island Thrush
, is endemic to three mountains in northern Borneo.
The Javan White-eye
is found in the Bornean Coastal Zone secondary area, and in the Javan coastal zone EBA.
The Silvery Pigeon
is found in the Natuna Islands
, and in three other secondary areas off Sumatra.
Grey Imperial-pigeon
and Mantanani Scops-owl are found in the North-east Bornean islands Secondary area, and also in other EBAs and Secondary Areas in Indonesia and the Philippines.
Endemic (ecology)
Endemism is the ecological state of being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation or other defined zone, or habitat type; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, all species of lemur are endemic to the...
among birds in the World's various zoogeographic zones. For an overview of this subject see Endemism in birds
Endemism in birds
An endemic bird area is a region of the world that contains two or more restricted-range species, while a "secondary area" contains one or more restricted-range species. Both terms were devised by Birdlife International....
.
Patterns of endemism
BorneoBorneo
Borneo is the third largest island in the world and is located north of Java Island, Indonesia, at the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia....
has a single endemic family, Pityriaseidae, containing a single species, the Bornean Bristlehead
Bornean Bristlehead
The Bornean Bristlehead , also variously known as the Bristled Shrike, Bald-headed Crow or the Bald-headed Wood-Shrike, is the only member of the passerine family Pityriaseidae and genus Pityriasis...
.
In addition, there are the following endemic genera (all of which are also monotypic):
- Haematortyx, the Crimson-headed PartridgeCrimson-headed PartridgeThe Crimson-headed Partridge is a species of bird in the Phasianidae family. It is found in Indonesia and Malaysia....
- Chlamydochaera, the Black-breasted Fruithunter
- Oculocincta, the Pygmy White-eyePygmy White-eyeThe Pygmy Ibon , also known as the Pygmy White-eye, is a species of bird in the white-eye family Zosteropidae...
- Chlorocharis, the Mountain BlackeyeMountain BlackeyeThe Mountain Blackeye is a bird species in the monotypic genus Chlorocharis. It is closely related to the Old World babblers, and its family Zosteropidae may warrant inclusion in the Tiimalidae....
Endemic Bird Areas
Birdlife InternationalBirdLife International
BirdLife International is a global Partnership of conservation organisations that strives to conserve birds, their habitats and global biodiversity, working with people towards sustainability in the use of natural resources...
has defined the following Endemic Bird Areas (EBAs) in Borneo:
157, Bornean mountains
In addition there are five Secondary Areas. There are two islands groups (the North-east Bornean islands, s097, and the Natuna islands
Natuna Islands
The Natuna Islands archipelago is located in the Natuna Sea in the larger Tudjuh Archipelago, off the northwest coast of Borneo. The islands are administratively part of the Riau Islands province of Indonesia and are the northernmost non-disputed island group of Indonesia...
, (s101)) and three areas on Borneo itself, the Sabah lowlands (s098), the Kalimantan lowlands (s099), and the Bornean coastal zone (s100).
Species endemic to Borneo
The following species are endemic to Borneo, and only found in the Bornean mountains Endemic Bird Area:- Bulwer's PheasantBulwer's PheasantBulwer's Pheasant is also known as Bulwer's Wattled Pheasant, the Wattled Pheasant, or the White-tailed Wattled Pheasant. It is a Southeast Asian bird in the Phasianidae family; endemic to the forests of Borneo. It is currently listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN.-Description:Bulwer's Pheasant is...
- Bornean BristleheadBornean BristleheadThe Bornean Bristlehead , also variously known as the Bristled Shrike, Bald-headed Crow or the Bald-headed Wood-Shrike, is the only member of the passerine family Pityriaseidae and genus Pityriasis...
- Mountain Serpent-eagle
- Dulit PartridgeDulit PartridgeThe Hose's Partridge , also known as Dulit Partridge, has been considered a distinctive subspecies of the Long-billed Partridge, a bird in the Phasianidae, or pheasant, family. It is endemic to Borneo, where it appears to be separated altitudinally from the nominate subspecies, and is often...
- Red-breasted PartridgeRed-breasted PartridgeThe Red-breasted Partridge , also known as the Bornean Hill-partridge, is a species of bird in the Phasianidae family. It is endemic to hill and montane forest in Borneo.-References:...
- Crimson-headed PartridgeCrimson-headed PartridgeThe Crimson-headed Partridge is a species of bird in the Phasianidae family. It is found in Indonesia and Malaysia....
- Dulit FrogmouthDulit FrogmouthThe Dulit Frogmouth is a little-known species of bird in the Podargidae, or frogmouth, family, with a patchily recorded distribution in the mountain forests of northern and central Borneo...
- Whitehead's TrogonWhitehead's TrogonThe Whitehead's Trogon is a species of bird in the Trogonidae family.It is found in Indonesia and Malaysia.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:...
- Mountain BarbetMountain BarbetThe Mountain Barbet is a species of bird in the Ramphastidae family.It is found in Indonesia and Malaysia.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes....
- Golden-naped BarbetGolden-naped BarbetThe Golden-naped Barbet is a species of bird in the Ramphastidae family.It is found in Indonesia and Malaysia.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes....
- Bornean BarbetBornean BarbetThe Bornean Barbet is a species of bird in the Ramphastidae family.It is found in Indonesia and Malaysia.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes....
- Hose's BroadbillHose's BroadbillHose's Broadbill is a species of bird in the Eurylaimidae family. It was named after zoologist Charles Hose. It is endemic to highland forests in northern Borneo. It is threatened by habitat loss. It has a blue belly, but otherwise it resembles the other members of the genus...
- Whitehead's BroadbillWhitehead's BroadbillThe Whitehead's Broadbill is a species of bird in the Eurylaimidae family. It is restricted to montane forest in northern Borneo. It is the largest member of the genus Calyptomena.-References:...
- Black-breasted Fruithunter
- Everett's ThrushEverett's ThrushEverett's Thrush is a species of bird in the Turdidae family. The name commemorates British colonial administrator and zoological collector Alfred Hart Everett.-Distribution and habitat:...
- Bare-headed LaughingthrushBare-headed LaughingthrushThe Bare-headed Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family. It is endemic to highland forests in northern Borneo. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the Black Laughingthrush.-References:...
- Mountain Wren-babblerMountain Wren-babblerThe Mountain Wren-babbler is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family.It is found in Indonesia and Malaysia.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes....
- Chestnut-crested YuhinaChestnut-crested YuhinaThe Chestnut-crested Yuhina is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family. The scientific name commemorates British colonial administrator and zoological collector Alfred Hart Everett.-Distribution and habitat:...
- Bornean StubtailBornean StubtailThe Bornean Stubtail is a species of Old World warbler in the Sylviidae family.It is found in Indonesia and Malaysia. The population is suspected to be stable in the absence of evidence for any declines or substantial threats. The species is reported to be a common bird above 2,000 m.-References:*...
- Friendly Bush-warblerFriendly Bush-warblerThe Friendly Bush-warbler is a species of Old World warbler in the Locustellidae family.It is found only in Malaysia.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . Downloaded on 10 July 2007....
- Eyebrowed Jungle-flycatcherEyebrowed Jungle-flycatcherThe Eyebrowed Jungle-flycatcher is a species of bird in the Muscicapidae family. It is found in Borneo. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.-References:...
- Bornean WhistlerBornean WhistlerThe Bornean Whistler is a species of bird in the Pachycephalidae family.It is found in Indonesia and Malaysia.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . Downloaded on 26 July 2007....
- Black-sided FlowerpeckerBlack-sided FlowerpeckerThe Black-sided Flowerpecker is a species of bird in the Dicaeidae family. It is found in Indonesia and Malaysia in northern Borneo. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. ...
- Whitehead's SpiderhunterWhitehead's SpiderhunterThe Whitehead's Spiderhunter is a species of bird in the Nectariniidae family.It is found in Indonesia and Malaysia....
- Pygmy White-eyePygmy White-eyeThe Pygmy Ibon , also known as the Pygmy White-eye, is a species of bird in the white-eye family Zosteropidae...
- Mountain BlackeyeMountain BlackeyeThe Mountain Blackeye is a bird species in the monotypic genus Chlorocharis. It is closely related to the Old World babblers, and its family Zosteropidae may warrant inclusion in the Tiimalidae....
- Black OrioleBlack OrioleThe Black Oriole is a species of bird in the Oriolidae family.It is endemic to Borneo, including Malaysia and Indonesia. One of the least known of the orioles, its distribution range is restricted to Sarawak in Borneo. Along with O. cruentus, O. trailli and O. mellianus it belongs to a clade of...
The Black-browed Babbler
Black-browed Babbler
The Black-browed Babbler is a mysterious songbird species in the family Timaliidae. It is endemic to Borneo. Only a single specimen, collected in the 19th century, is known....
is endemic to the Kalimantan lowlands Secondary Area.
The White-fronted Falconet
White-fronted Falconet
The White-fronted Falconet, Fauconnet De Bornéo, Falconete De Borneo, or Halconcito De Borneo is a species of bird of prey in the Falconidae family.It is found in Malaysia and Brunei....
is endemic to the Sabah lowlands Secondary Area.
The Borneo Island Thrush
Borneo Island Thrush
The Borneo Island Thrush , also known as the Mountain Blackbird or locally in Dusun as Luhui tana, is a bird in the Thrush family. It is a subspecies of the Island Thrush endemic to the island of Borneo.-Description:The Borneo Island Thrush is mainly dark brown in colour...
, a subspecies of the Island Thrush
Island Thrush
The Island Thrush is a common forest bird in the thrush family. Almost 50 subspecies have been described, ranging from Taiwan, through South East Asia and Melanesia, to Samoa, exhibiting great differences in plumage...
, is endemic to three mountains in northern Borneo.
Other restricted-range species found on Borneo
The following restricted-range species are found in Borneo only in the Bornean mountains EBA, but are also found in Sumatra:- Rajah Scops-owl
- Short-tailed FrogmouthShort-tailed FrogmouthThe Short-tailed Frogmouth is a species of bird in the Podargidae family.It is found in Indonesia and Malaysia....
- Blue-wattled BulbulBlue-wattled BulbulThe Blue-wattled Bulbul is a disputed songbird species in the family Pycnonotidae. The specific epithet commemorates Dutch explorer Anton Willem Nieuwenhuis.It is found in Brunei and Indonesia...
- Sunda LaughingthrushSunda LaughingthrushThe Sunda Laughingthrush is a species of bird in the Timaliidae family. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia....
- Black-capped White-eyeBlack-capped White-eyeThe Black-capped White-eye is a small passerine from the family Zosteropidae.-Description:It can reach a length between nine and eleven centimetres and looks slightly similar to the Oriental White-eye. The forehead and the crown are blackish and its upperparts and underparts are darker than at the...
The Javan White-eye
Javan White-eye
The Javan White-eye is a species of bird in the Zosteropidae family.It is found in Indonesia and Malaysia.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, and subtropical or tropical moist shrubland.It is threatened by habitat...
is found in the Bornean Coastal Zone secondary area, and in the Javan coastal zone EBA.
The Silvery Pigeon
Silvery Pigeon
The Silvery Pigeon , also known as Silvery Wood-pigeon or Grey Wood-pigeon is a species of pigeon found in Indonesia and Malaysia...
is found in the Natuna Islands
Natuna Islands
The Natuna Islands archipelago is located in the Natuna Sea in the larger Tudjuh Archipelago, off the northwest coast of Borneo. The islands are administratively part of the Riau Islands province of Indonesia and are the northernmost non-disputed island group of Indonesia...
, and in three other secondary areas off Sumatra.
Grey Imperial-pigeon
Grey Imperial-pigeon
The Grey Imperial Pigeon is a species of bird in the Columbidae family.It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and plantations ....
and Mantanani Scops-owl are found in the North-east Bornean islands Secondary area, and also in other EBAs and Secondary Areas in Indonesia and the Philippines.