Endarterectomy
Encyclopedia
Endarterectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the atheromatous plaque
material, or blockage, in the lining of an artery
constricted by the buildup of soft/hardening deposits. It is carried out by separating the plaque from the arterial wall.
It was first performed on a superficial femoral artery
in 1946 by the Portuguese surgeon João Cid dos Santos at the University of Lisbon. In 1951, E. J. Wylie, an American, performed it on the abdominal aorta
. The first successful reconstruction of the carotid artery
was performed by Carrea, Molins, and Murphy in Argentina, later in the same year.
The procedure is widely used on the carotid artery of the neck as a way to reduce the risk of stroke, particularly when the carotid artery is narrowed by more than 70%. A carotid endarterectomy
may itself cause a stroke at the time of operation.
Endarterectomy is also used as a supplement to a vein bypass graft to open up distal segments.
Pulmonary hypertension
caused by chronic thromboembolic disease (CTEPH) may be amenable to endarterectomy of the pulmonary artery
. This is a highly specialized procedure.
The term atherectomy
is used to describe reconstruction through a catheter
.
Atheroma
In pathology, an atheroma is an accumulation and swelling in artery walls that is made up of macrophage cells, or debris, that contain lipids , calcium and a variable amount of fibrous connective tissue...
material, or blockage, in the lining of an artery
Artery
Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. This blood is normally oxygenated, exceptions made for the pulmonary and umbilical arteries....
constricted by the buildup of soft/hardening deposits. It is carried out by separating the plaque from the arterial wall.
It was first performed on a superficial femoral artery
Femoral artery
The femoral artery is a general term comprising a few large arteries in the thigh. They begin at the inguinal ligament and end just above the knee at adductor canal or Hunter's canal traversing the extent of the femur bone....
in 1946 by the Portuguese surgeon João Cid dos Santos at the University of Lisbon. In 1951, E. J. Wylie, an American, performed it on the abdominal aorta
Abdominal aorta
The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity. As part of the aorta, it is a direct continuation of the descending aorta .-Path:...
. The first successful reconstruction of the carotid artery
Carotid artery
Carotid artery can refer to:* Common carotid artery* External carotid artery* Internal carotid artery...
was performed by Carrea, Molins, and Murphy in Argentina, later in the same year.
The procedure is widely used on the carotid artery of the neck as a way to reduce the risk of stroke, particularly when the carotid artery is narrowed by more than 70%. A carotid endarterectomy
Carotid endarterectomy
Carotid endarterectomy is a surgical procedure used to prevent stroke, by correcting stenosis in the common carotid artery...
may itself cause a stroke at the time of operation.
Endarterectomy is also used as a supplement to a vein bypass graft to open up distal segments.
Pulmonary hypertension
Pulmonary hypertension
In medicine, pulmonary hypertension is an increase in blood pressure in the pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, or pulmonary capillaries, together known as the lung vasculature, leading to shortness of breath, dizziness, fainting, and other symptoms, all of which are exacerbated by exertion...
caused by chronic thromboembolic disease (CTEPH) may be amenable to endarterectomy of the pulmonary artery
Pulmonary artery
The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood....
. This is a highly specialized procedure.
The term atherectomy
Atherectomy
Atherectomy is a minimally invasive surgical method of removing, mainly, atherosclerosis from a large blood vessel within the body. Today, it is generally used to effectively treat peripheral arterial disease of the lower extremities...
is used to describe reconstruction through a catheter
Catheter
In medicine, a catheter is a tube that can be inserted into a body cavity, duct, or vessel. Catheters thereby allow drainage, administration of fluids or gases, or access by surgical instruments. The process of inserting a catheter is catheterization...
.