Elepter Andronikashvili
Encyclopedia
Elephter Luarsabovich Andronikashvili (the first name sometimes spelled Elevter or Elefter, , ; — 9 September 1989) was a Georgian
physicist. He was a brother of Russia
n historian Irakly Andronikov
.
family.
Andronikashvilily graduated from Leningrad Polytechnical Institute in 1932. In 1934 - 1945 he lectured in Tbilisi State University
. Since 1942 he worked for the Georgian Academy of Sciences
Institute of Physics, since 1951 he is the director of the Institute. In 1940-1941 and 1945-1948 he also did his Doktor Nauk
degree at the Institute for Physical Problems
in Moscow
. Since 1951 he also worked as a head of a department and a Professor of Tbilisi State University.
Andronikashvili received Stalin Prize in 1952 for his works on superfluidity and USSR State Prize
in 1978. Andronikashvili was a full member of the Georgian Academy of Sciences
(since 1955).
helium II, including the classic experiment in 1946, suggested by the Russian theorist Lev Landau
, studying the period and damping of torsional oscillations of stacked of closely spaced rotating disks. This provided key evidence to help establish the two fluid model of superfluidity.
The damping of the disks was much the same in helium II
(which is a superfluid) as that experienced in helium I (fluid helium above the temperature for transition to the superfluid phase). However, the period of the pendulum was found to be temperature dependent below the transition temperature, tending toward the period in vacuo at the lowest temperatures (those approaching absolute zero). Since the period depends on the inertia of the liquid which is dragged along with the disks, it seemed that a decreasing fraction of the liquid is dragged along as the temperature is reduced.
Andronikshvili also worked together with Tsakadze in 1960 to extend work by Hall in Manchester on vortex waves in helium II, comparing the results with those obtained with classical fluids such as water and helium I to verify that the results obtained by Hall were not classical in nature. A review of this work appears in the chapter written for the 1967 Progress in Low Temperature Physics together with Mamaladze.
Georgians
The Georgians are an ethnic group that have originated in Georgia, where they constitute a majority of the population. Large Georgian communities are also present throughout Russia, European Union, United States, and South America....
physicist. He was a brother of Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n historian Irakly Andronikov
Irakly Andronikov
Irakly Luarsabovich Andronikov was a Russian literature historian, philologist, and media personality....
.
Biography
Elepter came from a noble Georgian AndronikashviliAndronikashvili
The Andronikashvili sometimes known as Endronikashvili was a princely family in Georgia which claimed their descent from the Byzantine Comnenid dynasty and played a prominent role in political, military and religious life of Georgia...
family.
Andronikashvilily graduated from Leningrad Polytechnical Institute in 1932. In 1934 - 1945 he lectured in Tbilisi State University
Tbilisi State University
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University , better known as Tbilisi State University , is a university established on 8 February 1918 in Tbilisi, Georgia. TSU is the oldest university in the whole Caucasus region...
. Since 1942 he worked for the Georgian Academy of Sciences
Georgian Academy of Sciences
The Georgian National Academy of Sciences is a main learned society of the Georgia. It was named Georgian SSR Academy of Sciences until November 1990...
Institute of Physics, since 1951 he is the director of the Institute. In 1940-1941 and 1945-1948 he also did his Doktor Nauk
Doktor nauk
Doktor nauk is a higher doctoral degree, the second and the highest post-graduate academic degree in the Soviet Union, Russia and in many post-Soviet states. Sometimes referred to as Dr. Hab. The prerequisite is the first degree, Kandidat nauk which is informally regarded equivalent to Ph.D....
degree at the Institute for Physical Problems
Institute for Physical Problems
P.L. Kapitza Institute for Physical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The Institute was founded in 1934. The founder of the Institute, Prof. Kapitsa served as its head for many years. The head of the theoretical division of the Institute was Prof. Landau. The primary direction of...
in Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
. Since 1951 he also worked as a head of a department and a Professor of Tbilisi State University.
Andronikashvili received Stalin Prize in 1952 for his works on superfluidity and USSR State Prize
USSR State Prize
The USSR State Prize was the Soviet Union's state honour. It was established on September 9, 1966. After the breakup of the Soviet Union, the prize was followed up by the State Prize of the Russian Federation....
in 1978. Andronikashvili was a full member of the Georgian Academy of Sciences
Georgian Academy of Sciences
The Georgian National Academy of Sciences is a main learned society of the Georgia. It was named Georgian SSR Academy of Sciences until November 1990...
(since 1955).
Contributions to physics
Andronikashvili conducted early experiments on superfluidSuperfluid
Superfluidity is a state of matter in which the matter behaves like a fluid without viscosity and with extremely high thermal conductivity. The substance, which appears to be a normal liquid, will flow without friction past any surface, which allows it to continue to circulate over obstructions and...
helium II, including the classic experiment in 1946, suggested by the Russian theorist Lev Landau
Lev Landau
Lev Davidovich Landau was a prominent Soviet physicist who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics...
, studying the period and damping of torsional oscillations of stacked of closely spaced rotating disks. This provided key evidence to help establish the two fluid model of superfluidity.
The damping of the disks was much the same in helium II
Helium-4
Helium-4 is a non-radioactive isotope of helium. It is by far the most abundant of the two naturally occurring isotopes of helium, making up about 99.99986% of the helium on earth. Its nucleus is the same as an alpha particle, consisting of two protons and two neutrons. Alpha decay of heavy...
(which is a superfluid) as that experienced in helium I (fluid helium above the temperature for transition to the superfluid phase). However, the period of the pendulum was found to be temperature dependent below the transition temperature, tending toward the period in vacuo at the lowest temperatures (those approaching absolute zero). Since the period depends on the inertia of the liquid which is dragged along with the disks, it seemed that a decreasing fraction of the liquid is dragged along as the temperature is reduced.
Andronikshvili also worked together with Tsakadze in 1960 to extend work by Hall in Manchester on vortex waves in helium II, comparing the results with those obtained with classical fluids such as water and helium I to verify that the results obtained by Hall were not classical in nature. A review of this work appears in the chapter written for the 1967 Progress in Low Temperature Physics together with Mamaladze.
Publications
- Andronikashvili, E.L. and Mamaladze, Y.G. 1967 Rotation of helium II in Progress in Low Temperature Physics V (C.J. Gorter, ed.) North-Holland, Amsterdam, Chapter 3, pp. 79-160.
- Andronikashvili, E.L. and Mamaladze, Yu G. 1966 Quantization of macroscopic motions and hydrodynamics of rotating helium II Rev. Mod. Phys. 38, 567-625.
- Andronikashvili, E.L. and Tsakadze, D.S. 1960 The propagation of oscillations along vortex lines in rotating helium II Sov. Phys. JETP 10, 227-8.
- Andronikashvili, E.L. Reflections of liquid Helium (Russian) Trans. & pubd. by American Institute of Physics, 1980