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Electronic News Gathering

 
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Electronic news gathering
 
 
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ENG is a broadcasting
Broadcasting

Broadcasting is distribution of Sound and/or video Signalling s which transmit programs to an audience. The audience may be the general public or a relatively large sub-audience, such as children or young adults....
 (usually television
Television

Television is a widely used telecommunication mass-media for transmitting and receiving moving , either monochrome or color, usually accompanied by sound....
) industry acronym which stands for electronic news gathering. It can mean anything from a lone reporter
Reporter

A reporter is a type of journalist who researches and presents information in certain types of mass media.Reporters gather their information in a variety of ways, including tips, press releases, sources and witnessing events....
 taking a single camcorder
Camcorder

A camcorder is a portable consumer electronics device for recording video and Sound recording using a built-in recorder unit. The camcorder contains both a video camera and a video recorder in one unit, hence its compound name....
 out to get a story, to an entire television crew taking a satellite
Communications satellite

A communications satellite is an artificial satellite stationed in space for the purposes of telecommunications. Modern communications satellites use a variety of orbits including geostationary orbits, Molniya orbits, other elliptical orbits and low Earth orbits....
 truck on location to do a live report for a newscast.






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Msh04 News Media Trucks At Cvo Office 10 02 04 Med
ENG is a broadcasting
Broadcasting

Broadcasting is distribution of Sound and/or video Signalling s which transmit programs to an audience. The audience may be the general public or a relatively large sub-audience, such as children or young adults....
 (usually television
Television

Television is a widely used telecommunication mass-media for transmitting and receiving moving , either monochrome or color, usually accompanied by sound....
) industry acronym which stands for electronic news gathering. It can mean anything from a lone reporter
Reporter

A reporter is a type of journalist who researches and presents information in certain types of mass media.Reporters gather their information in a variety of ways, including tips, press releases, sources and witnessing events....
 taking a single camcorder
Camcorder

A camcorder is a portable consumer electronics device for recording video and Sound recording using a built-in recorder unit. The camcorder contains both a video camera and a video recorder in one unit, hence its compound name....
 out to get a story, to an entire television crew taking a satellite
Communications satellite

A communications satellite is an artificial satellite stationed in space for the purposes of telecommunications. Modern communications satellites use a variety of orbits including geostationary orbits, Molniya orbits, other elliptical orbits and low Earth orbits....
 truck on location to do a live report for a newscast. In its early days, the term ENG was used by newsroom staff to differentiate between the NG (news gathering) crews that collected TV news with traditional film
Film

Film encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the film industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects....
 cameras and the new ENG crews who collected TV news with new electronic analogue tape formats like low band 3/4 inch U-matic
U-matic

U-matic is the name of a videocassette format first shown by Sony in prototype in October 1969, and introduced to the market in September 1971....
. The requirement for the differentiation stems from the radically different methods of post-production involved in video versus film. Film needed to be processed before editing, unlike tape where footage could be edited
Video editing

The term video editing can refer to:* non-linear editing system, using computers with video editing software* linear video editing, using videotape...
 fairly quickly, thus dramatically reducing the turn-around time for a story. The use of film in news gathering virtually disappeared by the early 1980s.

DSNG


ENG originally referred to the use of point-to-point terrestrial microwave
Microwave

Microwaves are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from 1 mm to 1 m, or frequency between 0.3 hertz and 300 GHz....
 signals to backhaul
Backhaul (TV industry)

In the context of broadcasting, backhaul refers to uncut program content that is transmitted point-to-point to an individual television station or radio station, broadcast network or other receiving entity where it will be integrated into a finished TV show or radio show....
 the remote signal to the studio. In modern news operations, however, it also includes SNG (satellite news gathering) and DSNG (digital satellite news gathering). ENG is almost always done using a specially modified truck or van. Terrestrial microwave vehicles can usually be identified by their masts which can be extended up to 50 feet (15 m) in the air (to allow line-of-sight with the station's receiver antennas), while satellite trucks always use a larger dish that unfolds and points skywards towards one of the geostationary communications satellites.

Advances


Recently, with the advent of high quality, low latency video encoding for IP
Internet protocol

Internet protocol may refer to:*The Internet Protocol, a specific protocol implementation in the Internet protocol suite*The Internet protocol suite, a set of communications protocols that are used for the Internet...
 (H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
H.264/MPEG-4 AVC

H.264 is a standard for video compression, and is equivalent to MPEG-4 Part 10, or MPEG-4 AVC . , it is the latest block-oriented motion-compensation-based codec standard developed by the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group together with the International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical...
 or wavelet
Wavelet

A wavelet is a mathematical function used to divide a given function or continuous signal into different scale components. Usually one can assign a frequency range to each scale component....
), lower-cost alternatives to expensive proprietary microwave solutions have entered the market. These are based on COFDM and OFDM
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing ? essentially identical to Coded OFDM and Discrete multi-tone modulation ? is a frequency-division multiplexing scheme utilized as a digital multi-carrier modulation method....
 technology such as IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.11

IEEE 802.11 is a set of standards carrying out Wireless LAN computer communication in the 2.4, 3.6 and 5 GHz frequency bands. They are implemented by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers LAN/MAN Standards Committee ....
 and 802.16
IEEE 802.16

The IEEE 802.16 Working Group on Broadband Wireless Access Standards, which was established by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standards Board in 1999, aims to prepare formal specifications for the global deployment of broadband Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks....
. More compact, significantly less expensive systems that use licensed or unlicensed frequencies are becoming available. These systems typically use highly asymmetric network design and rely on technologies such as multicast
Multicast

Multicast is a Computer networking addressing method for the delivery of information to a group of destinations simultaneously using the most efficient strategy to deliver the messages over each link of the network only once, creating copies only when the links to the multiple destinations split....
 or RTP
Real-time Transport Protocol

The Real-time Transport Protocol defines a standardized packet format for delivering audio and video over the Internet. It was developed by the Audio-Video Transport Working Group of the IETF and first published in 1996 as RFC 1889, and superseded by RFC 3550 in 2003....
 over UDP
User Datagram Protocol

The User Datagram Protocol is one of the core members of the Internet Protocol Suite, the set of network protocols used for the Internet. With UDP, computer applications can send messages, sometimes known as datagram, to other hosts on an Internet Protocol network without requiring prior communications to set up special transmission cha...
 to achieve similar performance to high end-microwave. Since the video stream is already encoded for IP, the video can be used for traditional TV broadcast or Internet distribution without modification (live to air).

Technical information


In the U.S. there are ten ENG video
Video

Video is the technology of electronics Videography, recording, processing, storing, transmitting, and reconstructing a sequence of still images representing Scene in motion....
 channels
Channel (communications)

Channel, in communications , refers to the :wikt:medium used to information transfer information from a sender to a receiver ....
 set aside in each area for terrestrial microwave communications, with frequency coordination
Frequency coordination

Frequency Coordination is a technical and regulatory process which is intended to remove or mitigate radio-frequency interference between different radio systems which utilise the same operational frequency....
 typically done by the local Society of Broadcast Engineers
Society of Broadcast Engineers

The Society of Broadcast Engineers or SBE is a professional organization for engineers in Broadcasting radio and television. The SBE also offers Professional certification in various radio frequency and Broadcasting technology areas for its members....
 chapter rather than the FCC. In Atlanta for example, there are two channels each for the four news TV stations (WSB-TV
WSB-TV

WSB-TV is the American Broadcasting Company affiliate in Atlanta, Georgia , broadcasting on analog channel 2 and digital channel 39. It is the flagship television station of Cox Enterprises and is co-owned alongside the Atlanta Journal-Constitution and the WSB radio stations ....
, WAGA, WXIA-TV
WXIA-TV

WXIA-TV channel 11, is an NBC-affiliated television station in Atlanta, Georgia. Popularly known by its branding slogan 11Alive, WXIA is owned by the Gannett Company alongside WATL , Atlanta's MyNetworkTV affiliate....
, WGCL-TV
WGCL-TV

WGCL-TV is the Columbia Broadcasting System television station serving the metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia area. Its city of license is Atlanta, Georgia and the station is owned by Meredith Corporation....
), one for CNN, and another open for other users on request, such as GPB. This situation is in flux, as the FCC is currently seeking to auction off some of the 2 GHz frequency bands.

See also

  • Electronic field production
    Electronic field production

    Electronic field production is a television industry term referring to television Film production which takes place outside of a formal Television studio, in a practical location or special venue....
  • Outside broadcasting
    Outside broadcasting

    Outside Broadcasting is the production of television or radio programmes from a mobile television studio. This mobile control room is known as an "Outside Broadcasting Van", "OB Van", "Scanner" , "mobile unit", "remote truck", "live truck", or "production truck"....