Earl of Newcastle-upon-Tyne is a title that has been created two times. The first creation came in the Peerage of England

Peerage of England

The Peerage of England comprises all peerages created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union in 1707. In that year, the Peerages of England and Scotland were replaced by one Peerage of Great Britain....

 in 1623 in favour of Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox

Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox

Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox and 1st Duke of Richmond was a Scottish nobleman and politician. He was the son of Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox and his wife Catherine de Balsac. Stewart was involved in the Plantation of Ulster in Ireland and the colonization of Maine in New England...

. He was made Duke of Richmond at the same time. For information on this creation, see the Duke of Lennox

Duke of Lennox

The title Duke of Lennox has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland, for Clan Stewart of Darnley. The Dukedom, named for the district of Lennox in Stirling, was first created in 1581, and had formerly been the Earldom of Lennox. The second Duke was made Duke of Richmond; at his...

. The second creation came in the Peerage of England in 1628 in favour of William Cavendish, 1st Viscount Mansfield. He was later created Marquess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. For more information on this creation, see the latter title.

The title of "Earl of Newcastle" was also created in the Jacobite Peerage

Jacobite peerage

After the deposition by the English parliament in February 1689 of King James II and VII from the thrones of England and Ireland , he and his successors continued to create peers and baronets, which they believed was their right...

 in 1692 for Pierce Butler, 3rd Viscount of Galmoye. He was the husband of Henrietta Fitzjames

Henrietta FitzJames

Henrietta FitzJames , the Dowager Lady Waldegrave and titular Countess of Newcastle, was an illegitimate daughter of James Stuart, Duke of York, afterward James II, King of Great Britain, by his mistress, Arabella Churchill, herself sister of the Duke of Marlborough.Henrietta was sister to the...

, widow of Henry Waldegrave, 1st Baron Waldegrave

Henry Waldegrave, 1st Baron Waldegrave

Henry Waldegrave, 1st Baron Waldegrave was an English peer and Jacobite supporter.The son of Sir Charles Waldegrave, 3rd Baronet, Waldegrave inherited his father's title in about 1684. A year earlier, on 29th November, he had married Henrietta FitzJames, an illegitimate daughter of King James II...

 and a natural daughter of King James II

James II of England

James II & VII was King of England and King of Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII, from 6 February 1685. He was the last Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland...

 by his mistress Arabella Churchill

Arabella Churchill (royal mistress)

Arabella Churchill was the mistress of King James II, and the mother of four of his children...

.