See Also

Dentistry

Dentistry is the art and science of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of conditions, diseases, and disorders of the oral cavity Mouth

The mouth, also known as the buccal cavity or the oral cavity, is the opening through which ... 

, the maxillofacial region, and its associated structures as it relates to human beings. A dentist is a doctor qualified to practice dentistry. In most countries, several years of training in a university University

[i], which grants [[academic degree]... 

  and some practical experience working with actual patients' dentition are required to become a qualified dentist. The patron saint of dentists is Saint Apollonia Saint Apollonia

Saint Apollonia was one of the group of virgin martyrs who suffered in Alexandria [i] ... 

, martyred in Alexandria by having all her teeth violently extracted. The first dental school opened in Baltimore Maryland.

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Quotations

I'm English. Our dentistry is not world famous. But I made sure I got moldings of my old teeth beforehand because I miss them.

If suffering brought wisdom, the dentists office would be full of luminous ideas.

Show people tend to treat their finances like their dentistry. They assume the man handling it knows what he is doing.

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Encyclopedia



Dentistry is the art and science of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of conditions, diseases, and disorders of the oral cavity Mouth

The mouth, also known as the buccal cavity or the oral cavity, is the opening through which ... 

, the maxillofacial region, and its associated structures as it relates to human beings. A dentist is a doctor qualified to practice dentistry. In most countries, several years of training in a university University

[i], which grants [[academic degree]... 

  and some practical experience working with actual patients' dentition are required to become a qualified dentist. The patron saint of dentists is Saint Apollonia Saint Apollonia

Saint Apollonia was one of the group of virgin martyrs who suffered in Alexandria [i] ... 

, martyred in Alexandria by having all her teeth violently extracted.

The first dental school opened in Baltimore Maryland. The first dental school to affiliate with a university became part of Harvard.

General Dentistry

General Dental Practice includes most examination, diagnosis, treatment planning, treatment, and prevention of disease. The dentist Dentistry

Dentistry is the art and science of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of conditions, diseases, and di... 

 and with the aide of other dental auxiliaries frequently uses X-rays X-ray

X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation [i] with a wavelength [i] in the range of 10 to 0.01 nanometre [i] ... 

 and other equipment to ensure correct diagnosis and treatment planning. Treatment may include filling cavities, removing the nerves of teeth, treating diseases of the gums, removing teeth, and replacing lost teeth with bridge Bridge

A bridge is a structure built to span [i] a gorge [i], valley [i], road [i], railroad track [i]... 

s and dentures Dentures

Dentures, can be defined as a set of artificial teeth, which are used when a patient has lost real teeth... 

 . Anesthesia Anesthesia

Anesthesia or anaesthesia has traditionally meant the process of blocking the perception of pain [i] ... 

 is often used in any treatment that might cause pain. Teeth Tooth

Teeth are structures found in the jaw [i]s of many vertebrate [i]s. ... 

 may be filled with Gold Gold

Gold is a highly sought-after precious metal [i] that for many centuries has been used as money [i], a store of value [i] ... 

, Silver Silver

Silver is a chemical element [i] with the symbol Ag . ... 

, Amalgam, or Cements, and with fused Porcelain Inlays. Dentists treat diseases of the mouth and gums such as trench mouth and Periodontitis. An important part of general dental practice Dentistry

Dentistry is the art and science of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of conditions, diseases, and di... 

 is preventive dentistry. If a dentist examines a patient's teeth at regular intervals, a disease may be detected and treated before it becomes serious. Dentists also demonstrate proper methods of brushing and flossing the teeth. They may advise their patients about what food to eat or to avoid for good dental health. Dentists may also treat teeth with Fluorides or other substances to prevent decay.

Specialties



In addition to general dentistry, there are nine dental specialties recognized by the American Dental Association American Dental Association

The American Dental Association is an American advocacy group that... 

 and require 2-6 years of residency training after dental school. The specialties are:
  • Dental Public Health ,
  • Endodontics Endodontics

    Endodontics is a specialty of dentistry [i], that deals with the tooth pulp [i] and tissues surroun ... 

     ,
  • Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology ,
  • Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology ,
  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery ,
  • Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics Orthodontics

    Orthodontics is a specialty of dentistry [i] that is concerned with the study and treatment of malocclusion [i] ... 

     ,
  • Pedodontics ,
  • Periodontics ,
  • Prosthodontics .


Specialists in these fields are designated registrable and warrant exclusive titles such as orthodontist, oral surgeon, pedodontist, periodontist, or prosthodontist upon satisfying certain local registry requirements.

Two other post-graduate formal advanced education programs: General Practice Residency  and Advanced Education in General Dentistry  recognized by the do not lead to specialization.

Other dental education exists where no post-graduate formal university training is required: cosmetic dentistry, dental implant, temporo-mandibular joint therapy. These usually require the attendance of one or more continuing education courses that typically last for one to several days. There are restrictions on allowing these dentists to call themselves specialists in these fields. The specialist titles are registrable titles and controlled by the local dental licensing bodies.

Forensic odontology consists of the gathering and use of dental evidence in law. This may be performed by any dentist with experience or training in this field. The function of the forensic dentist is primarily documentation and verification of identity.

Geriatric dentistry or geriodontics is the delivery of dental care to older adults involving the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of problems associated with normal aging and age-related diseases as part of an interdisciplinary team with other health care professionals.

Veterinary dentistry, a specialty of veterinary medicine Veterinary medicine

Veterinary medicine is the application of medical [i], diagnostic [i], and therapeuti ... 

, is the field of dentistry applied to the care of animals .

History



In 2001 archaeologists studying the remains of two men from Mehrgarh, Pakistan Pakistan

[i] located in [[South Asia]... 

, made the discovery that the people of Indus Valley Civilization Indus Valley Civilization

The Indus Valley Civilisation was an ancient civilisation [i] thriving along the Indus River [i] and th ... 

, even from the early Harappa Harappa

Harappa is a city [i] in Punjab [i], northeast Pakistan [i], located beside a former course of t ... 

n periods , had knowledge of medicine and dentistry. The physical anthropologist that carried out the examinations, Professor Andrea Cucina from the University of Missouri-Columbia, made the discovery when he was cleaning the teeth from one of the men . Later research in the same area found evidence of teeth having been drilled, dating back 9,000 years.

Some information contained in the Edwin Smith Papyrus Edwin Smith papyrus

The Edwin Smith papyrus is the world's earliest known medical document, written around the 7th century B... 

 dates as early as 3000 BC and includes the treatment of several dental ailments . Hammurabi's Code Code of Hammurabi

The Code of Hammurabi , created ca. 1780 BC , is one of the earliest sets of laws found and one of ... 

 contains some references to dental procedures and fees. The Ebers papyrus Ebers papyrus

The Ebers Papyrus of about 1550 BCE [i] is among the most important ancient Egyptian [i] ... 

 also discusses similar treatments . Examining the remains of some ancient Egyptians History of Ancient Egypt

The history of ancient Egypt began around 3100 BC [i] when Egypt [i] became a unified Egyptian state. ... 

 and Greco-Romans reveal early attempts at dental prosthetic Prosthesis

In medicine [i], a prosthesis is an artificial [i] extension that replaces a missing body part [i]. ... 

s and surgery Surgery

Surgery is the medical specialty that treats disease [i]s or injuries by operative manual and instrumen ... 

 .



Historically, dental extractions have been used to treat a variety of illnesses. During the Middle Ages Middle Ages

The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history [i] ... 

 and through the 19th century 19th century

The 19th century lasted from 1801 [i] through 1900 [i] in the Gregorian calendar [i].
... 

, dentistry was not a profession into itself, and often dental procedures were performed by barbers or general physician Physician

A physician is a person who practices biological medicine [i]. ... 

s. Barber Barber

A barber is someone whose occupation is to cut any type of hair [i], give shave [i]s, and trim beard [i]... 

s usually limited their practice to extracting teeth, which not only resulted in the alleviation of pain, but often cured a variety of ailments linked with chronic tooth infection. Instruments used for dental extractions date back several centuries. In the 14th century, Guy de Chauliac invented the dental pelican which was used through the late 18th century. The pelican was replaced by the dental key Dental key

The dental key is an instrument that was used in dentistry [i] to extract diseased teeth [i]. ... 

 which, in turn, was replaced by modern forceps in the 20th century.

For more information on the ancient history of dentistry refer to the .

It is said that the 17th century 17th century

As a means of recording the passage of time [i], the 17th century was that century [i] which lasted from ... 

 french physician Pierre Fauchard Pierre Fauchard

Pierre Fauchard was a significant French [i] physician [i], he is credited to be the "father of modem dentistry [i] ... 

 started dentistry science as we know it today, hence was named "the father of modern dentistry". Among many of his developments were, the extensive use of dental prosthesis, introduced dental fillings as treatment for dental cavities Dental caries

Dental caries, also known as tooth decay or dental cavities, are holes that damage the struc... 

 and stated sugar derivate acids like tartaric acid Tartaric acid

Tartaric acid
|-
|-
| Systematic name [i]
... 

 were responsible of dental decay.

Dentistry throughout the world


Dentistry in Taiwan

After graduate from high school, students have to take 6 years dental program to get D.M.D. degree. The first dental school in Taiwan was belonged to college of medicine in National Taiwan University National Taiwan University

National Taiwan University is a national university [i] in Capital Taipei [i], Republic of China [i]. ... 

. There are 7 dental schools in Taiwan nowadays;



Dentistry in Australia


In Australia Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere [i] c ... 

, graduating dentists earn either a BDSc , B.D.S or BDent degree. There are six Dental schools in Australia run by universities;

  • University of Adelaide University of Adelaide

    The University of Adelaide is a public university [i] located in Adelaide [i]. ... 

  • Griffith University Griffith University

    Griffith University is an Australian [i] public university with five campuses in Brisbane [i] ... 

  • University of Melbourne University of Melbourne

    The University of Melbourne, located in Melbourne [i], Victoria [i], is the second oldest unive... 

  • University of Sydney University of Sydney

    The University of Sydney, established in Sydney [i] in 1850 [i], is the oldest university [i] ... 

  • University of Queensland University of Queensland

    The University of Queensland is the longest-established university in the state of Queensland [i], Australia [i] ... 

  • University of Western Australia University of Western Australia

    The University of Western Australia is Western Australia [i]'s oldest university [i], established in Feb ... 




The School of Dental Science at the University of Melbourne University of Melbourne

The University of Melbourne, located in Melbourne [i], Victoria [i], is the second oldest unive... 

 is the oldest dental school in Australia Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere [i] c ... 

.

Dentistry in Canada

Canadian dentistry is overseen by the Canadian Dental Association Canadian Dental Association

The Canadian Dental Association, also known as the Association dentaire canadienne in French was f... 

, while specialization is overseen by the Royal College of Dentists. Today, Canada has about 16,000 dentists. Canadian dentistry is not publicly run ; however, some provinces provide for free dental care for children and the elderly. Other Canadians are mostly covered by workplace dental plans, but many have to pay out of pocket.

For most of the early colonial period dentistry was a rare and unusual practice in Canada. In severe situations, barbers or blacksmiths would pull a tooth, but for many years Canada Canada

Canada is the world's second-largest [i] country by total area, occupying most ... 

 lagged behind European advances. The first dentists in Canada Canada

Canada is the world's second-largest [i] country by total area, occupying most ... 

 were United Empire Loyalists United Empire Loyalists

The name United Empire Loyalists is given to those British Loyalists [i] who resettled in British North America [i] ... 

 who fled the American Revolution American Revolution

The American Revolution was a political movement that ended British [i] control ... 

. The first recorded dentist in Canada was a Mr. Hume who advertised in a Halifax Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia

Halifax Regional Municipality, commonly referred to as HRM, is a Canadian [i] regional municipality [i] ... 

 newspaper in 1814.

During the first half of the 19th century, dentistry expanded rapidly. In 1867 the Ontario Dental Association Ontario Dental Association

The Ontario Dental Association is a voluntary professional organization representing 80 percent of denti... 

 was formed and in 1868 they founded Canada's first dental school in Toronto Toronto

Toronto is the largest city [i] in Canada [i] ... 

, the Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario. The University of Toronto University of Toronto

The University of Toronto is a coeducational [i] public [i] research university [i] i ... 

 agreed to be affiliated with the dental school. As time passed, other Canadian universities also created dentistry programmes. However, the University of Toronto still has the largest dental school in Canada that features the most postgraduate research opportunities as well as certifications for all the dental specialties. The University of Toronto, Faculty of Dentistry is at the forefront of Canadian dental research as well as being the top ranked dental school in all of Canada as well as being among the best dental schools in the world.

Dental care is not covered by the Canadian health care system, as it is in many other countries with public healthcare.
Canadian dental schools
  • University of Toronto
  • McGill University McGill University

    McGill University is a publicly funded, non-denominational [i], co-educational research university locat... 

  • Université de Montréal Université de Montréal

    name = Universit de Montral

|logo = |motto = Fide splendet et scientia
... 



... 


  • University of Alberta University of Alberta

    The University of Alberta is a public coeducational research university located in Edmonton, Alberta [i] ... 

  • University of Manitoba University of Manitoba

    The University of Manitoba is the largest university of the province of Manitoba, most comprehensive and... 

  • University of British Columbia University of British Columbia

    The University of British Columbia is a public university [i] with its main campus located at Point Grey ... 

  • University of Western Ontario University of Western Ontario

    The University of Western Ontario is a coeducational, non-denominational, research-intensive university [i] ... 

  • University of Saskatchewan University of Saskatchewan

    The University of Saskatchewan is the largest education institution in the Canadian [i] province [i]... 

  • Université Laval Université Laval

    Universit Laval is the oldest centre of education in Canada [i], and was the first institution in North ... 



Dentistry in Chile

, , , Universidad de Talca, Universidad de Antofagasta, among others provides the profession in Chile. The first dental school was the one of the Universidad de Concepcion in the year 1919.

Dentistry in Hong Kong

To become a dentist in Hong Kong, one must complete the 5-year B.D.S. course in The University of Hong Kong. Students learn basic health sciences, dental sciences under the Problem Based Learning policy. Besides, formal training and supervised practice are prescribed. It is accepted that only after 5 years of such training would the trainees achieve a superior level of professional competence.

Graduates can enter general practice or pursue a specialist M.D.S. degree after gaining one year of working experience.

Before the dental school was established in the University of Hong Kong, most of the practicing dentists obtained their dental degree from the Philippines.

Dentistry in India

Modern Indian dentists must earn the Bachelor of Dental Surgery degree , which requires four years of study and one year of internship. This degree is overseen by the In most states, one has to appear for an entrance test conducted by the Directorate of Medical Education, whereas some autonomous universities conduct their own entrance tests.Post graduate courses are also available in different specialities.It requires 3 years of study after BDS.Find informations on Dental Health
The Specialisation is available in the following specialities - Orthodontics,Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Conservative and endodontics, Periodontics, Prosthodontics, Pediatric Dentistry, Oral Pathology, Oral medicine and Radiology, Community Dentistry. Although many institutions are offering other short or long courses in Dental Implantology and esthetic Dentistry, These are yet to be regularised by the Council.
Besides Certificate courses are also offered in Dental Mechanics and Dental Hygiene. These are two year certificate courses. Dental Mechanics offers knowledge about Prosthodontic appliances to be fabricated in a dental laboratory while a Dental Hygienist deals with clinical part,viz scaling, polishing, et.al.

Dentistry in Iran

In Iran Iran


Throughout history, Iran has been of great geostrategic [i] importance because of its centr ... 

 dentists require six years of post secondary education. The whole program is one single degree of D.D.S. After this, those wishing to specialize in a particular field may pursue higher education. Upon graduation, a dentist may need to fulfill a two year military requirement in order to start his/her private practice.

Dentistry in Italy

In Italy Italy

Italy, officially the Italian Republic , is a Southern European [i] country. ... 

 dentists complete 5 years of undergraduate study to earn a degree. Nevertheless it is possible to agree on certain basic clinical competences common to all member states of the European Union European Union

The European Union is an intergovernmental [i] and supranational [i] ... 

.

The following is an example of one such clinical competency : If a clinician is deemed to be clinically competent in the surgical removal of a buried root, this implies much more than the technical and surgical ability required to excise a buried piece of root Root

In vascular plant [i]s, the root is that organ of a plant [i] body that typically lies below the surface ... 

 from alveolus Pulmonary alveolus

An alveolus, is an anatomical structure that has the form of a hollow cavity.... 

. It embraces a broad range of preclinical and clinical knowledge and understanding on which surgical treatment is based.

Dentistry in Malta

The first course leading to a degree in Dental Surgery, at the University of Malta, commenced in 1933. The qualification was recognized by the Medical Council of the United Kingdom in 1936.

Dental Surgery was established as a separate Faculty in 1954, previous to which the course was under the direction of a Board of Studies within the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery. The Faculty caters for an undergraduate intake of 8 students annually. A B.Ch.D Degree is awarded at the completion of the 5 year course.

Dentistry in Norway

The 5-year dental education is offered at three universities:

  • University of Oslo University of Oslo

    The University of Oslo was founded in 1811 [i] as Universitas Regia Fredericiana . ... 

  • University of Bergen University of Bergen

    The University of Bergen is located in Bergen [i], Norway [i]. ... 

  • University of Tromsø University of Tromsø

    The University of Troms is the world's northernmost university [i]. ... 




All dentists in Norway are organized through "Tannlegeforeningen".
Dental services are free only for the children.

Dentistry in Pakistan

At present there are upwards of 20 dental schools throughout Pakistan, according to the the state regulatory body has upwards of 6200 registered dentists. The four year training culminates in achieveing a Bachelor of Dental Surgery degree, which also requires a one year compulsory internship to be a registered dentist in Pakistan.

Dentistry in the Philippines

Most Filipino Dentists must earn a total of 6 years of dental school to obtain the degree Doctor of Dental Medicine . Presently, the country has a total of 17 dental schools, in which the board licensing is administered and regulated by the Board of Dentistry of the Professional Regulation Commission. Centro Escolar University Centro Escolar University

Centro Escolar University is a private university [i] in the Philippines [i]. ... 

 is noted to have the largest enrolment of Dentistry students every year in the country.

Dentistry in Slovakia

In Slovakia Slovakia

Slovakia is a landlocked [i] republic [i] in Central Europe [i] with population of more than five milli... 

, dentists complete 6 years of undergraduate study to earn a MUDr degree. Junior graduates work under a skilled doctor for at least 3 years to receive their license from The Slovak Chamber of Dentists.

Dentistry in Sweden


Dentistry in the United Kingdom


In the United Kingdom United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a country and sovereign state [i] tha ... 

, dentists complete 5 years of undergraduate study to earn a B.D.S. or BChD degree. After graduating most dentists will enter a V.T. scheme, of either 1 or 2 years length, to receive their full National Health Service National Health Service

The National Health Service is the "public face" of the four publicly funded [i] health care system [i]... 

 registration. Dentists must register with the G.D.C. , and meet their requirements as the governing body of the profession, before being allowed to practice.

Dentistry in the United States

In the United States United States

The United States of America, also known as the United States, the U.S., the U.S.A., a... 

, dentists earn either a D.D.S. or D.M.D. degree. There is no difference in the training for either degree. The degrees are equivalent, and recognized equally by all state boards of dentistry. There are 56 Accredited Dental schools in the United States requiring 4 years of post graduate study . Most applicants to dental school have attained at least a B.S. or B.A. degree, however, a small percentage are admitted after only fulfilling specific prerequisite courses. So unlike many other countries, it can take more than 8 years to become a dentist. The degrees D.D.S. and D.M.D. require equivalent education and are identical in every way. The difference relates to the history involved in the division of medicine and surgery in medical practice. There has been a recent movement to include a 5th year of education that focuses on purely practical training in the clinical setting. In at least one state, a state dental license can be received without taking the licensing exam upon completing this additional year of training.
Dentists are licensed and regulated by the state in which they practice. The license is only valid in the issuing state and is non-transferable. There are many cooperative agreements between states that allow recognition of another state's license so as to procure a license either via "licensure by credentials" or "licensure by reciprocity."

A dentist may go on for further training in a dental specialty which require an additional 1 to 7 years of post-doctoral training. There are 9 recognized dental specialties. They are Endodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Pediatric Dentistry, Periodontics, Prosthodontics, Orthodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Dental Public Health. There is no specialty in esthetic dentistry or implantology, and no additional training is required for a dentist to make the claim of being an esthetic or cosmetic dentist. Dentists are forbidden to claim that they are specialists in areas of practice in which there is no recognized specialty. They may limit their practices to a single area of dentistry, and claim that their practice is limited to that area.

Any general dentist may perform those procedures designated within the enumerated specialties if they deem themselves competent. Many general dentists train in certain aspects of the above specialties such as the placement and restoration of dental implants, advanced prosthodontics and endodontics, and have limited or heavily focused their practices to these areas. When a general dentist performs any procedure that falls within the realm of a specialty, they are expected to perform with the same level of expertise as a certified specialist and are legally held to such standards with respect to any issues of malpractice.

Related dental topics



  • Biodontics
  • Bruxism
  • Calculus Calculus

    Calculus is a central branch of mathematics [i], developed from algebra [i] and geometry [i]. ... 

  • Ceramic Ceramic

    The word ceramic is derived from the Greek [i] word ?e?a???? . ... 

    s
  • Crown
  • Dental amalgam
  • Dental brace Dental brace

    Dental braces are a fixed appliance used in orthodontics [i] to correct alignment of teeth [i] and their ... 

  • Dental cavities Dental caries

    Dental caries, also known as tooth decay or dental cavities, are holes that damage the struc... 

  • Dental notation
  • Dental extraction
  • Dentine Dentin

    Dentin is the substance between the enamel [i] or cementum [i] of a tooth [i] and the pulp chamber [i] ... 

  • Dental restoration
  • Floss Dental floss

    ----

Dental floss is a bundle of thin nylon [i] filaments or a plastic ribbon used to remove food and plaque [i] ... 


  • Fluoridation Water fluoridation

    Water fluoridation is the practice of adding fluoride [i] compounds to water [i] with the intended purpo... 

  • Gingivitis
  • Halitosis
  • Dental implants
  • Laboratory technology
  • Mouthwash
  • Novocain, a Local anesthetic
  • Occlusion
  • Oral hygiene Oral hygiene

    Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping the mouth [i] clean. ... 

  • Patron Saint of dentistry Saint Apollonia

    Saint Apollonia was one of the group of virgin martyrs who suffered in Alexandria [i] ... 

  • Periodontitis
  • Plaque Dental plaque

    Dental plaque is a biofilm [i] that builds up on the teeth [i]. ... 

  • Plaque remover
  • Regenerative dentistry
  • Teledentistry
  • Temporomandibular joint disease
  • Tooth Tooth

    Teeth are structures found in the jaw [i]s of many vertebrate [i]s. ... 

  • Toothbrush Toothbrush

    The toothbrush is an instrument used to clean [i] teeth [i], consisting of a small brush [i] ... 

  • Toothpaste Toothpaste

    Toothpaste is a paste [i] or gel [i] used to clean and improve the aesthetic appearance and health of teeth [i]... 

  • Oral Irrigators
  • Xerostomia

Organizations


Taiwan

  • Taiwan Dental Association
  • Association for Dental Sciences of the Republic of China
  • Taipei Dental Association
  • Taichung Dental Association
  • Kaohsiung Dental Association
  • Taiwan Academy of Pediatric Dentistry
  • ROC Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
  • Taiwan Association of Orthodontists

Australia

  • Australian Dental Association Australian Dental Association

    The is an organisation of dentists which has as its aim the encouragement of the health of the public a... 

     
  • Australian Dental Council
  • Dental Practice Board of Victoria
  • Melbourne Dental Student Society

Canada

  • Canadian Academy of Pediatric Dentistry
  • Association of Prosthodontists of Canada
  • Canadian Academy of Periodontology
  • Canadian Association of Public Health Dentistry
  • Canadian Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
  • Canadian Association of Orthodontists
  • Canadian Dental Association Canadian Dental Association

    The Canadian Dental Association, also known as the Association dentaire canadienne in French was f... 

  • Royal College of Dentists

Hong Kong

  • Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong
  • The Hong Kong Dental Association
  • The Dental Council of Hong Kong

India

  • Indian Dental Association
  • Indian Orthodontic Society

Miscellaneous

  • Malta Association of Dental Students
  • American Veterinary Dental College
  • European Veterinary Dental College

United Kingdom

  • General Dental Council
  • British Dental Association
  • British Dental Health Foundation
  • The British Society of Paediatric Dentistry
  • School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham
  • University of Glasgow Dental Hospital and School

United States

  • Advancing the standard of care for comprehensive implant dentistry since 1951.
  • American Dental Education Association
  • Amerkjflkjadfoijalkjdflkahtlaksjdofjican Dental Association
  • American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry
  • Academy of General Dentistry
  • American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
  • American Association of Orthodontists
  • American College of Prosthodonists

External links

  • International Award Winning Initiative of the Restorative Dentistry Oncology Clinic
  • Ask the dental experts
  • from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Bureau of Labor Statistics

    The Bureau of Labor Statistics, a unit of the United States Department of Labor [i], is the principal fa ... 

    's
  • by the American Dental Association