Cystic kidney disease refers to a wide range of hereditary, developmental, and acquired conditions. With the inclusion of neoplasms with cystic changes, over 40 classifications and subtypes have been identified. Depending on the disease classification, the presentation of disease may be from birth, or much later into adult life. Cystic disease may involve one or both kidneys and may or may not occur in the presence of other anomalies . A higher incidence of cystic kidney disease is found in the male population and prevalence increases with age. Renal cysts have been reported in more than 50% of patients over the age of 50 . Typically, cysts grow up to 2.88 mm annually and cause related pain and/or hemorrhage .

Of the cystic kidney diseases, the most common is Polycystic kidney disease

Polycystic kidney disease

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is an inherited systemic disorder that predominantly affects the kidneys, but may affect other organs including the liver, pancreas, brain, and arterial blood vessels...

; having two prevalent sub-types: autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease . Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD) is primarily diagnosed in infants and young children. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is most often diagnosed in adulthood .

Another example of cystic kidney disease is Medullary sponge kidney

Medullary sponge kidney

Medullary sponge kidney is a congenital disorder of the kidneys characterized by cystic dilatation of the collecting tubules in one or both kidneys. In people with nephrolithiasis, the frequency of medullary sponge kidney has been reported by various authors to be 1221%. The disease is bilateral...

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