Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase
Encyclopedia
3'5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase is a family
of phosphodiesterase
s. These enyzmes catalyze the following reaction:
where nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate is 3',5'-cyclic AMP, 3',5'-cyclic dAMP, 3',5'-cyclic IMP, 3',5'-cyclic GMP or 3',5'-cyclic CMP
Retinal 3',5'-cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) is located in photoreceptor outer segments: it is light activated, playing a pivotal role in signal transduction. In rod cells, PDE is oligomeric, comprising an alpha-, a beta- and 2 gamma-subunits, while in cones, PDE is a homodimer of alpha chains, which are associated with several smaller subunits. Both rod and cone PDEs catalyse the hydrolysis of cAMP or cGMP to the corresponding nucleoside 5' monophosphates, both enzymes also binding cGMP with high affinity. The cGMP-binding sites are located in the N-terminal half of the protein sequence, while the catalytic core resides in the C-terminal portion.
Protein family
A protein family is a group of evolutionarily-related proteins, and is often nearly synonymous with gene family. The term protein family should not be confused with family as it is used in taxonomy....
of phosphodiesterase
Phosphodiesterase
A phosphodiesterase is any enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond. Usually, people speaking of phosphodiesterase are referring to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, which have great clinical significance and are described below...
s. These enyzmes catalyze the following reaction:
- nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate
where nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate is 3',5'-cyclic AMP, 3',5'-cyclic dAMP, 3',5'-cyclic IMP, 3',5'-cyclic GMP or 3',5'-cyclic CMP
Retinal 3',5'-cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) is located in photoreceptor outer segments: it is light activated, playing a pivotal role in signal transduction. In rod cells, PDE is oligomeric, comprising an alpha-, a beta- and 2 gamma-subunits, while in cones, PDE is a homodimer of alpha chains, which are associated with several smaller subunits. Both rod and cone PDEs catalyse the hydrolysis of cAMP or cGMP to the corresponding nucleoside 5' monophosphates, both enzymes also binding cGMP with high affinity. The cGMP-binding sites are located in the N-terminal half of the protein sequence, while the catalytic core resides in the C-terminal portion.
Human proteins containing this domain
- PDE1APDE1ACalcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE1A gene.-Further reading:...
, PDE1BPDE1BCalcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE1B gene.-Further reading:...
, PDE1B2, PDE1CPDE1CCalcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE1C gene.-Further reading:...
, PDE2APDE2AcGMP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE2A gene.-Further reading:...
, PDE3A, PDE3B, PDE4APDE4AcAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE4A gene.-Further reading:...
, PDE4BPDE4BcAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE4B gene.This gene is a member of the type IV, cyclic AMP -specific, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family...
, PDE4B5, PDE4CPDE4CcAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4C is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE4C gene.-Further reading:...
, PDE4DPDE4DcAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE4D gene.-Interactions:PDE4D has been shown to interact with myomegalin and GNB2L1.-Further reading:...
, - PDE5A, PDE6APDE6ARod cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit alpha is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE6A gene.-External links:*...
, PDE6BPDE6BRod cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit beta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE6B gene.-External links:*...
, PDE6CPDE6CCone cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit alpha is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE6C gene.- External links :* *...
, PDE7APDE7AHigh affinity cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 7A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE7A gene.-Further reading:...
, PDE7B, PDE8APDE8AHigh affinity cAMP-specific and IBMX-insensitive 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 8A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE8A gene. Work by Sebastiaan Bol et al...
, PDE8BPDE8BHigh affinity cAMP-specific and IBMX-insensitive 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 8B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE8B gene.-Further reading:...
, PDE9APDE9AHigh affinity cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 9A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE9A gene.-Further reading:...
, - PDE10APDE10AcAMP and cAMP-inhibited cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 10A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE10A gene.Various cellular responses are regulated by the second messengers cAMP and cGMP...
, PDE10A2, PDE11APDE11ADual 3',5'-cyclic-AMP and -GMP phosphodiesterase 11A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE11A gene.-Further reading:...
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