Cost 231 Model
Encyclopedia
The COST-Hata-Model is the most often cited of the COST 231 models
. Also called the Hata Model PCS Extension, it is a radio propagation model
that extends the Hata Model
(which in turn is based on the Okumura Model
) to cover a more elaborated range of frequencies. COST
(COperation européenne dans le domaine de la recherche Scientifique et Technique) is a European Union Forum for cooperative scientific research which has developed this model accordingly to various experiments and researches.
For suburban or rural enviorenmments:
Where,
L = Median
path loss
. Unit: Decibel
(dB)
f = Frequency of Transmission. Unit: Megahertz (MHz)
hB = Base Station
Antenna
effective height
. Unit: Meter (m)
d = Link distance. Unit: Kilometer (km)
hR = Mobile Station
Antenna
effective height
. Unit: Meter (m)
a(hR) = Mobile station
Antenna
height correction factor as described in the Hata Model for Urban Areas
.
formed the COST-231 working committee to develop an extended version
of the Hata model. COST-231 proposed the following formula to extend Hata's
model to 2 GHz. The proposed model for path loss is
L50(urban) = 46.3 + 33.9 log fc - 13.82 log hte - a (hre) + (44.9 - 6.55 log hte) log d + Cm
where a(hre) is the correction
factor for effective mobile antenna height which is a function of the size of
the coverage area.
0dB for medium sized city and suburban areas
Cm =
3 dB for metropolitan centers
The COST-231 extension of the Hata model is restricted to the following
range of parameters:
f : 1500 MHz to 2000 MHz
hte :3Omto200m
hre :lmtolOm
d :lkmto2okm
Cost 231 Model
The COST-Hata-Model is the most often cited of the COST 231 models. Also called the Hata Model PCS Extension, it is a radio propagation model that extends the Hata Model to cover a more elaborated range of frequencies...
. Also called the Hata Model PCS Extension, it is a radio propagation model
Radio propagation model
A radio propagation model, also known as the Radio Wave Propagation Model or the Radio Frequency Propagation Model, is an empirical mathematical formulation for the characterization of radio wave propagation as a function of frequency, distance and other conditions...
that extends the Hata Model
Hata Model
The term Hata Model may mean one of the following:* Hata Model for Urban Areas* Hata Model for Suburban Areas* Hata Model for Open Areas...
(which in turn is based on the Okumura Model
Okumura Model
The Okumura model for Urban Areas is a Radio propagation model that was built using the data collected in the city of Tokyo, Japan. The model is ideal for using in cities with many urban structures but not many tall blocking structures. The model served as a base for the Hata Model.Okumura model...
) to cover a more elaborated range of frequencies. COST
Cost
In production, research, retail, and accounting, a cost is the value of money that has been used up to produce something, and hence is not available for use anymore. In business, the cost may be one of acquisition, in which case the amount of money expended to acquire it is counted as cost. In this...
(COperation européenne dans le domaine de la recherche Scientifique et Technique) is a European Union Forum for cooperative scientific research which has developed this model accordingly to various experiments and researches.
Applicable To / Under Conditions
This model is applicable to urban areas. To further evaluate Path Loss in Suburban or Rural Quasi-open/Open Areas, this path loss has to be substituted into Urban to Rural/Urban to Suburban Conversions. (Ray GAO, 09 Sep 2007)Coverage
- Frequency: 1500 MHz to 2000 MHz
- Mobile StationMobile StationThe mobile station comprises all user equipment and software needed for communication with a mobile network.The mobile station refers to global system connected to the mobile network, i.e. mobile phone or mobile computer connected using a mobile broadband adapter. This is the terminology of 2G...
AntennaAntenna (radio)An antenna is an electrical device which converts electric currents into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver...
Height: 1 up to 10m - Base stationBase stationThe term base station can be used in the context of land surveying and wireless communications.- Land surveying :In the context of external land surveying, a base station is a GPS receiver at an accurately-known fixed location which is used to derive correction information for nearby portable GPS...
AntennaAntenna (radio)An antenna is an electrical device which converts electric currents into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver...
Height: 30m to 200m - Link Distance: 1 up to 20 km
Mathematical Formulation
The COST-Hata-Model is formulated as,For suburban or rural enviorenmments:
Where,
L = Median
Median
In probability theory and statistics, a median is described as the numerical value separating the higher half of a sample, a population, or a probability distribution, from the lower half. The median of a finite list of numbers can be found by arranging all the observations from lowest value to...
path loss
Path loss
Path loss is the reduction in power density of an electromagnetic wave as it propagates through space. Path loss is a major component in the analysis and design of the link budget of a telecommunication system....
. Unit: Decibel
Decibel
The decibel is a logarithmic unit that indicates the ratio of a physical quantity relative to a specified or implied reference level. A ratio in decibels is ten times the logarithm to base 10 of the ratio of two power quantities...
(dB)
f = Frequency of Transmission. Unit: Megahertz (MHz)
hB = Base Station
Base station
The term base station can be used in the context of land surveying and wireless communications.- Land surveying :In the context of external land surveying, a base station is a GPS receiver at an accurately-known fixed location which is used to derive correction information for nearby portable GPS...
Antenna
Antenna (radio)
An antenna is an electrical device which converts electric currents into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver...
effective height
Effective height
In telecommunication, the term effective height can refer to the height of the center of radiation of an antenna above the effective ground level. Or in low-frequency applications involving loaded or nonloaded vertical antennas, the moment of the current distribution in the vertical section...
. Unit: Meter (m)
d = Link distance. Unit: Kilometer (km)
hR = Mobile Station
Mobile Station
The mobile station comprises all user equipment and software needed for communication with a mobile network.The mobile station refers to global system connected to the mobile network, i.e. mobile phone or mobile computer connected using a mobile broadband adapter. This is the terminology of 2G...
Antenna
Antenna (radio)
An antenna is an electrical device which converts electric currents into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver...
effective height
Effective height
In telecommunication, the term effective height can refer to the height of the center of radiation of an antenna above the effective ground level. Or in low-frequency applications involving loaded or nonloaded vertical antennas, the moment of the current distribution in the vertical section...
. Unit: Meter (m)
a(hR) = Mobile station
Mobile Station
The mobile station comprises all user equipment and software needed for communication with a mobile network.The mobile station refers to global system connected to the mobile network, i.e. mobile phone or mobile computer connected using a mobile broadband adapter. This is the terminology of 2G...
Antenna
Antenna (radio)
An antenna is an electrical device which converts electric currents into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver...
height correction factor as described in the Hata Model for Urban Areas
Hata Model for Urban Areas
In wireless communication, the Hata Model for Urban Areas, also known as the Okumura-Hata model for being a developed version of the Okumura Model, is the most widely used radio frequency propagation model for predicting the behaviour of cellular transmissions in built up areas...
.
Points to Note
The European Co-operative for Scientific and Technical research (EUROCOST)formed the COST-231 working committee to develop an extended version
of the Hata model. COST-231 proposed the following formula to extend Hata's
model to 2 GHz. The proposed model for path loss is
L50(urban) = 46.3 + 33.9 log fc - 13.82 log hte - a (hre) + (44.9 - 6.55 log hte) log d + Cm
where a(hre) is the correction
factor for effective mobile antenna height which is a function of the size of
the coverage area.
0dB for medium sized city and suburban areas
Cm =
3 dB for metropolitan centers
The COST-231 extension of the Hata model is restricted to the following
range of parameters:
f : 1500 MHz to 2000 MHz
hte :3Omto200m
hre :lmtolOm
d :lkmto2okm
Limitations
This model requires that the base station antenna is higher than all adjacent rooftops.See also
- COST 231 ModelCost 231 ModelThe COST-Hata-Model is the most often cited of the COST 231 models. Also called the Hata Model PCS Extension, it is a radio propagation model that extends the Hata Model to cover a more elaborated range of frequencies...
- Hata Model for Urban AreasHata Model for Urban AreasIn wireless communication, the Hata Model for Urban Areas, also known as the Okumura-Hata model for being a developed version of the Okumura Model, is the most widely used radio frequency propagation model for predicting the behaviour of cellular transmissions in built up areas...
- Hata Model for Suburban AreasHata Model for Suburban AreasThe Hata Model for Suburban Areas, also known as the Okumura-Hata model for being a developed version of the Okumura Model, is the most widely used model in radio frequency propagation for predicting the behavior of cellular transmissions in city outskirts and other rural areas...
- Hata Model for Open AreasHata Model for Open AreasThe Hata Model for Open Areas, also known as the Okumura-Hata model for being a developed version of the Okumura Model, is the most widely used model in radio frequency propagation for predicting the behavior of cellular transmissions in open areas. This model incorporates the graphical information...
- Radio propagation modelRadio propagation modelA radio propagation model, also known as the Radio Wave Propagation Model or the Radio Frequency Propagation Model, is an empirical mathematical formulation for the characterization of radio wave propagation as a function of frequency, distance and other conditions...