All Topics  
Copper(II) oxide

 
Copper(II) Oxide

 
   Email Print
   Bookmark   Link
 

 

Copper(II) oxide
 
 
  Topics Copper(II) oxide Topic Home

Copper(II) oxide or cupric oxide (CuO) is the higher oxide
Oxide

An oxide is a chemical compound contaning at least one oxygen atom as well as at least one other element. Most of the Earth's crust consists of oxides....
 of copper
Copper

Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29.It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity....
. As a mineral, it is known as tenorite
Tenorite

Tenorite is a copper oxide mineral with the simple formula Copper%28II%29_oxide. Tenorite occurs in the weathered or oxidized zone associated with deeper primary copper sulfide orebodies....
.

s a black solid with an ionic structure which melts above 1200 °C with some loss of oxygen
Oxygen

Oxygen no O2 produced; 2) O2 produced, but absorbed in oceans & seabed rock; 3) O2 starts to gas out of the oceans, but is absorbed by land surfaces and formation of ozone layer; 4-5) O2 sinks filled and the gas accumulates]]...
. It can be formed by heating copper in air:

2Cu + O2 ? 2CuO


Here, it is formed along with copper(I) oxide
Copper(I) oxide

Copper oxide or cuprous oxide is an oxide of copper. It is insoluble in water and organic solvents. Copper oxide dissolves in concentrated ammonia solution to form the colorless complex [Cu2]+, which easily redox in air to the blue [Cu42]2+....
 as a side product; thus, it is better prepared by heating copper(II) nitrate
Copper(II) nitrate

Copper nitrate is the chemical compound with the formula Copper2. Commonly referred to simply as copper nitrate, the anhydrous form is a blue, crystalline solid....
, copper(II) hydroxide
Copper(II) hydroxide

Copper hydroxide is the hydroxide of the metal copper. Copper hydroxide is a pale blue, gelatinous solid. Some forms of copper hydroxide are sold as "stabilized" copper hydroxide, quite likely a mixture of copper carbonate and hydroxide....
 or copper(II) carbonate
Copper(II) carbonate

Copper carbonate is a blue-green Chemical compound forming part of the verdigris patina one sees on weathered brass, bronze, and copper. The colour can vary from bright blue to green, because there may be a mixture of both copper carbonate and basic copper carbonate in various stages of hydration....
:

2Cu(NO3)2 ? 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2
Cu(OH)2(s) ? CuO(s) + H2O(l)
CuCO3 ? CuO + CO2


Copper(II) oxide is a basic oxide
Basic oxide

In chemistry, a basic oxide is an oxide that either*reacts with water to form a base.*reacts with an acid to form a salt.Examples include:...
, so it dissolves in mineral acid
Mineral acid

A mineral acid is an acid derived from one or more inorganic chemistry compounds. A mineral acid does not contain any carbon atoms and all mineral acids release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water....
s such as hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid

Hydrochloric acid is the solution of hydrogen chloride in water. It is a highly corrosive, strong acid mineral acid and has major industrial uses....
, sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid, hydrogen2sulfuroxygen4, is a strong mineral acid. It is soluble in water at all concentrations. Sulfuric acid has many applications, and is one of the top products of the chemical industry....
 or nitric acid
Nitric acid

Nitric acid , also known as aqua fortis and spirit of nitre, is a highly corrosion and toxic strong acid that can cause severe burns....
 to give the corresponding copper(II) salts:

CuO + 2HNO3 ? Cu(NO3)2 + H2O
CuO + 2HCl ? CuCl2 + H2O
CuO + H2SO4 ? CuSO4 + H2O


It can also be reduced to copper
Copper

Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29.It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity....
 metal using hydrogen
Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the chemical symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly combustion and explosive Diatomic molecule gas with the molecular formula H2....
 or carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide, with the chemical formula CO, is a colorless and odorless, tasteless, yet highly toxic gas. Its molecules consist of one carbon atom covalent bond to one oxygen atom....
:

CuO + H2 ? Cu + H2O
CuO + CO ? Cu + CO2


er(II) oxide belongs to the monoclinic crystal system
Monoclinic crystal system

In crystallography, the monoclinic crystal system is one of the 7 lattice point groups. A crystal system is described by three Vector . In the monoclinic system, the crystal is described by vectors of unequal length, as in the orthorhombic system....
, with a crystallographic point group
Crystallographic point group

In crystallography, a crystallographic point group is a set of symmetry operations, like rotations or reflections, that leave a point fixed while moving each atom of the crystal to the position of an atom of the same kind....
 of 2/m or C2h.






Discussion
Ask a question about 'Copper(II) oxide'
Start a new discussion about 'Copper(II) oxide'
Answer questions from other users
Full Discussion Forum



Encyclopedia


Copper(II) oxide or cupric oxide (CuO) is the higher oxide
Oxide

An oxide is a chemical compound contaning at least one oxygen atom as well as at least one other element. Most of the Earth's crust consists of oxides....
 of copper
Copper

Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29.It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity....
. As a mineral, it is known as tenorite
Tenorite

Tenorite is a copper oxide mineral with the simple formula Copper%28II%29_oxide. Tenorite occurs in the weathered or oxidized zone associated with deeper primary copper sulfide orebodies....
.

Chemistry

It is a black solid with an ionic structure which melts above 1200 °C with some loss of oxygen
Oxygen

Oxygen no O2 produced; 2) O2 produced, but absorbed in oceans & seabed rock; 3) O2 starts to gas out of the oceans, but is absorbed by land surfaces and formation of ozone layer; 4-5) O2 sinks filled and the gas accumulates]]...
. It can be formed by heating copper in air:

2Cu + O2 ? 2CuO


Here, it is formed along with copper(I) oxide
Copper(I) oxide

Copper oxide or cuprous oxide is an oxide of copper. It is insoluble in water and organic solvents. Copper oxide dissolves in concentrated ammonia solution to form the colorless complex [Cu2]+, which easily redox in air to the blue [Cu42]2+....
 as a side product; thus, it is better prepared by heating copper(II) nitrate
Copper(II) nitrate

Copper nitrate is the chemical compound with the formula Copper2. Commonly referred to simply as copper nitrate, the anhydrous form is a blue, crystalline solid....
, copper(II) hydroxide
Copper(II) hydroxide

Copper hydroxide is the hydroxide of the metal copper. Copper hydroxide is a pale blue, gelatinous solid. Some forms of copper hydroxide are sold as "stabilized" copper hydroxide, quite likely a mixture of copper carbonate and hydroxide....
 or copper(II) carbonate
Copper(II) carbonate

Copper carbonate is a blue-green Chemical compound forming part of the verdigris patina one sees on weathered brass, bronze, and copper. The colour can vary from bright blue to green, because there may be a mixture of both copper carbonate and basic copper carbonate in various stages of hydration....
:

2Cu(NO3)2 ? 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2
Cu(OH)2(s) ? CuO(s) + H2O(l)
CuCO3 ? CuO + CO2


Copper(II) oxide is a basic oxide
Basic oxide

In chemistry, a basic oxide is an oxide that either*reacts with water to form a base.*reacts with an acid to form a salt.Examples include:...
, so it dissolves in mineral acid
Mineral acid

A mineral acid is an acid derived from one or more inorganic chemistry compounds. A mineral acid does not contain any carbon atoms and all mineral acids release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water....
s such as hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid

Hydrochloric acid is the solution of hydrogen chloride in water. It is a highly corrosive, strong acid mineral acid and has major industrial uses....
, sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid, hydrogen2sulfuroxygen4, is a strong mineral acid. It is soluble in water at all concentrations. Sulfuric acid has many applications, and is one of the top products of the chemical industry....
 or nitric acid
Nitric acid

Nitric acid , also known as aqua fortis and spirit of nitre, is a highly corrosion and toxic strong acid that can cause severe burns....
 to give the corresponding copper(II) salts:

CuO + 2HNO3 ? Cu(NO3)2 + H2O
CuO + 2HCl ? CuCl2 + H2O
CuO + H2SO4 ? CuSO4 + H2O


It can also be reduced to copper
Copper

Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29.It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity....
 metal using hydrogen
Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the chemical symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly combustion and explosive Diatomic molecule gas with the molecular formula H2....
 or carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide, with the chemical formula CO, is a colorless and odorless, tasteless, yet highly toxic gas. Its molecules consist of one carbon atom covalent bond to one oxygen atom....
:

CuO + H2 ? Cu + H2O
CuO + CO ? Cu + CO2


Crystal structure

Copper(II) oxide belongs to the monoclinic crystal system
Monoclinic crystal system

In crystallography, the monoclinic crystal system is one of the 7 lattice point groups. A crystal system is described by three Vector . In the monoclinic system, the crystal is described by vectors of unequal length, as in the orthorhombic system....
, with a crystallographic point group
Crystallographic point group

In crystallography, a crystallographic point group is a set of symmetry operations, like rotations or reflections, that leave a point fixed while moving each atom of the crystal to the position of an atom of the same kind....
 of 2/m or C2h. The space group
Space group

The space group of a crystal or crystallographic group is a mathematical description of the symmetry inherent in the structure. The word 'group' in the name comes from the group , which is used to build the set of space groups....
 of its unit cell is C2/c, and its lattice parameters are a = 4.6837(5), b = 3.4226(5), c = 5.1288(6), a = 90° , ß = 99.54(1)°, ? = 90°. The copper atom is coordinated by 4 oxygen atoms in an approximately square planar configuration.

the unit cell of copper(II) oxide
part of the crystal structure
Crystal structure

In mineralogy and crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of atoms in a crystal. A crystal structure is composed of a motif, a set of atoms arranged in a particular way, and a lattice....
 of CuO


Health effects

Copper(II) oxide is an irritant. It also can cause damage to the endocrine
Endocrine system

The endocrine system is a system of small organs that involve the release of extracellular signaling molecules known as hormones. The endocrine system is instrumental in regulating metabolism, human development , and tissue and also plays a part in determining Mood ....
 and central nervous system
Central nervous system

The central nervous system is the part of the nervous system that functions to coordinate the activity of all parts of the bodies of multicellular organisms....
. Contact to the eyes can cause irritation and damage to the corneas, and potentially can cause conjunctivitis. Contact to the skin can cause irritation and discoloration. Ingesting cupric oxide can lead to central nervous system depression, liver and kidney damage, gastro-intestinal damage, circulatory system failure or damage to the vascular system. Inhalation can lead to damage to the lungs and septum. Inhalation of fumes of cupric oxide can lead to a disease called Metal fume fever
Metal fume fever

Metal fume fever is illness caused primarily by exposure to certain metal fumes. Chemicals such as zinc oxide or magnesium oxide , often cause this through breathing fumes created by heating or welding certain metals, such as galvanized steel....
, which has symptoms similar to influenza. Prolonged exposure to cupric oxide can lead to dermatitis
Dermatitis

Dermatitis is a blanket term meaning any "inflammation of the skin" . There are several different types of dermatitis. The different kinds usually have in common an allergic reaction to specific allergens....
, and can cause a toxic build-up of copper in people with Wilson's disease
Wilson's disease

Wilson's disease or hepatolenticular degeneration is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder in which copper accumulates in biological tissue; this manifests as neurology or psychiatry symptoms and liver disease....
. Handling copper(II) oxide should be done in well ventilated area, and care should be taken to avoid contact with the skin or eyes. After handling, one should wash thoroughly.

Uses

Cupric oxide is used as a pigment
Pigment

A pigment is a material that changes the color of light it Reflection as the result of selective color absorption. This physical process differs from fluorescence, phosphorescence, and other forms of luminescence, in which the material itself emits light....
 in ceramics to produce blue, red, and green (and sometimes gray, pink, or black) glazes. It is also used to produce cuprammonium hydroxide solutions, used to make rayon
Rayon

Rayon is a manufactured regenerated cellulose fiber. Because it is produced from naturally occurring polymers, it is neither a truly synthetic fiber nor a natural fiber; it is a semi-synthetic fiber ....
. It is also occasionally used as a dietary supplement in animals, against copper deficiency. Copper(II) oxide has application as a p-type semiconductor
P-type semiconductor

A P-type semiconductor is obtained by carrying out a process of Doping , that is adding a certain type of atoms to the semiconductor in order to increase the number of free charge carriers ....
, because it has a narrow band gap
Band gap

In solid state physics and related applied fields, a band gap, also called an energy gap or bandgap, is an energy range in a solid where no electron states exist....
 of 1.2 eV. It is an abrasive
Abrasive

An abrasive is a material, often a mineral, that is used to shape or finish a workpiece through rubbing which leads to part of the workpiece being worn away....
 used to polish optical equipment. Cupric oxide can be used to produce dry cell batteries. It has also been used in wet cell batteries as the cathode, with lithium as an anode, and dioxalane mixed with lithium perchlorate as the electrolyte. Copper(II) oxide can be used to produce other copper salts. It is also used when welding with copper alloys
Copper alloys

Copper alloys are alloys with copper as their principal component. They have high resistance to corrosion.Due to its high electric conductivity, pure electrolytic copper is used mostly for making of electrical cables....
.

Another use for cupric oxide is as a substitute for iron oxide in thermite
Thermite

Thermite is a pyrotechnic composition of a metal powder and a metal oxide, which produces an aluminothermic reaction known as a thermite reaction....
. This can turn the thermite from an incendiary to a low explosive.

Use in disposal

Cupric oxide can be used to safely dispose of hazardous materials such as cyanide
Cyanide

A cyanide is any chemical compound that contains the nitrile , which consists of a carbon atom chemical bond to a nitrogen atom. Inorganic cyanides are hydrogen cyanide salts in which cyanide is generally the anion CN-....
, hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons and dioxins, through oxidation.

Properties

  • Work function
    Work function

    In solid state physics, the work function is the minimum energy needed to remove an electron from a solid to a point immediately outside the solid surface ....
    :5.3eV
    EV

    eV may mean:* Electronvolt, a unit of energye. V. may mean:* Eingetragener Verein, a registered club in GermanyEV may mean:...


See also

  • Copper
    Copper

    Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29.It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity....
  • Copper(I) oxide
    Copper(I) oxide

    Copper oxide or cuprous oxide is an oxide of copper. It is insoluble in water and organic solvents. Copper oxide dissolves in concentrated ammonia solution to form the colorless complex [Cu2]+, which easily redox in air to the blue [Cu42]2+....
  • Patina
    Patina

    Patina is a film on the surface of bronze or similar metals ; a sheen on wooden furniture produced by age, wear, and polishing; or any such acquired change of a surface through age and exposure....


External links