Clayton Mark
Encyclopedia
Clayton Mark one of the pioneer makers of steel pipe in the United States, was an industrialist in the Chicagoland
area who founded the Mark Manufacturing Company in 1888, a firm for the fabrication and sale of water-well supplies. Mark founded Marktown
, a planned worker community in Northwest Indiana on the National Register of Historic Places
. He was known for his philanthropy and civic contributions.
, was the son of Cyrus and Rebecca (Strohm) Mark. His earliest paternal ancestor in the United States was William Killian Mark, who moved with his brothers from Switzerland to Lebanon County Pennsylvania in 1735.
Clayton moved to Chicago with his family in 1872. He was educated in the public schools of Pennsylvania and Illinois, and stopped his formal education after completing seventh grade at Brown School in Chicago. Mark’s family relocated to Carroll, Iowa
in 1936 after Mark’s father’s dry goods business burned down. Cyrus Marks subsequently established another dry goods business in Carroll. However, Clayton stayed in Chicago to begin his career as a file clerk for Chicago Malleable Iron Co. in 1876, where he advanced to secretary, and vice-president, and was on the Board of Directors until his death.
in which workers were not allowed to own their homes, the residents of Marktown were to have the opportunity to either rent or purchase their homes.
Mark commissioned the renowned architect Howard Van Doren Shaw
to design Marktown. Shaw had designed Mark’s own home in Lake Forest
, Illinois in 1912. The final design of Marktown has been described as an attempt to recreate a gracious English country village. Construction was stopped when only a fraction of the original plans for Marktown were completed due to the aftereffects of World War I, and the sale of his steel plant to Youngstown Sheet and Tube. All of the original structures stand, and are considered representative of the planned industrial community movement of the late nineteenth and early 20th century. Mark’s planned worker community in Northwest Indiana is regarded as an important cultural resource of architectural and historical significance, and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.
Mark served several terms as President of the Civic Federation of Chicago from 1907 to 1929, an active reform group that addressed the city’s social and political problems. It is noteworthy that Mark worked with Jane Addams on a number of educational and social reforms. Clayton Mark has been described by historians as taking part in a phenomenal number of civic affairs with overwhelming energy and drive, and that "…he tried in every way to protect and foster the things in life that made it possible for him so it would be possible for others."
Chicagoland
The Chicago metropolitan area, or Chicagoland as it is commonly called within the area, is the metropolitan area associated with the city of Chicago, Illinois and its suburbs. It is the area that is closely linked to the city through social, economic, and cultural ties...
area who founded the Mark Manufacturing Company in 1888, a firm for the fabrication and sale of water-well supplies. Mark founded Marktown
Marktown
Marktown is an urban planned worker community in East Chicago, Indiana, built during the Progressive Era in 1917 from marshland to provide a complete community for workers at The Mark Manufacturing Company. It was founded by Clayton Mark, a pioneer maker of steel in the United States...
, a planned worker community in Northwest Indiana on the National Register of Historic Places
National Register of Historic Places
The National Register of Historic Places is the United States government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation...
. He was known for his philanthropy and civic contributions.
Early years
Mark, born in 1858 in Fredericksburg, PennsylvaniaFredericksburg, Pennsylvania
Fredericksburg is the name of some places in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania:*Fredericksburg, Crawford County, Pennsylvania*Fredericksburg, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania...
, was the son of Cyrus and Rebecca (Strohm) Mark. His earliest paternal ancestor in the United States was William Killian Mark, who moved with his brothers from Switzerland to Lebanon County Pennsylvania in 1735.
Clayton moved to Chicago with his family in 1872. He was educated in the public schools of Pennsylvania and Illinois, and stopped his formal education after completing seventh grade at Brown School in Chicago. Mark’s family relocated to Carroll, Iowa
Carroll, Iowa
-2010 census:The 2010 census recorded a population of 10,103 in the city, with a population density of . There were 4,698 housing units, of which 4,357 were occupied....
in 1936 after Mark’s father’s dry goods business burned down. Cyrus Marks subsequently established another dry goods business in Carroll. However, Clayton stayed in Chicago to begin his career as a file clerk for Chicago Malleable Iron Co. in 1876, where he advanced to secretary, and vice-president, and was on the Board of Directors until his death.
Mark Manufacturing Company
Mark founded The Mark Manufacturing Company in 1888 as a co-partnership with his father Cyrus Mark. The company initially manufactured well points, small castings used in the construction of wells. This business was later expanded to include the manufacture of steel pipe. In 1900, he built a pipe mill in Evanston, IL, bought another in Ohio in 1901, a zinc mining company in 1906, and in 1916 Mark built a steel mill in Indiana Harbor to supply his own requirements for steel.Marktown
In 1917, Mark began construction of a planned worker community “Marktown” to house the workers of his steel mill in Indiana Harbor, East Chicago, although it was never completed. Marktown was designed to house 8,000 employees in 200 houses, and the plans included a recreation building, both elementary and high schools, a post office, a movie theatre, and a recreational park with tennis courts. In contrast to the neighboring planned worker community developed by the Pullman CompanyPullman Company
The Pullman Palace Car Company, founded by George Pullman, manufactured railroad cars in the mid-to-late 19th century through the early decades of the 20th century, during the boom of railroads in the United States. Pullman developed the sleeping car which carried his name into the 1980s...
in which workers were not allowed to own their homes, the residents of Marktown were to have the opportunity to either rent or purchase their homes.
Mark commissioned the renowned architect Howard Van Doren Shaw
Howard Van Doren Shaw
Howard Van Doren Shaw was an American architect. He became one of the best-known architects of his generation in the Chicago area.-Early life and career:...
to design Marktown. Shaw had designed Mark’s own home in Lake Forest
Lake Forest
Lake Forest is the name of some places in the United States:*Lake Forest, California, in Orange County*Lake Forest, Placer County, California*Lake Forest - A lake in the North End section of Bridgeport, Connecticut*Lake Forest, Florida...
, Illinois in 1912. The final design of Marktown has been described as an attempt to recreate a gracious English country village. Construction was stopped when only a fraction of the original plans for Marktown were completed due to the aftereffects of World War I, and the sale of his steel plant to Youngstown Sheet and Tube. All of the original structures stand, and are considered representative of the planned industrial community movement of the late nineteenth and early 20th century. Mark’s planned worker community in Northwest Indiana is regarded as an important cultural resource of architectural and historical significance, and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.
Civic activities
Mark’s chief civic interest was in the field of public education, and he had a large impact on the shaping of the Chicago School Systems. Mark served on the Board of Education from 1896-1905, and served as its President from 1902-1905. As President of the Board of Education, Mark facilitated the building of new schools to alleviate crowded conditions, including the Edgar Allen Poe School in Pullman. Many of Mark’s efforts were aimed at increasing the efficiency of the school system and increasing attendance. For example, he advocated the appointment and promotion of teachers based on merit. He also advocated better sanitary conditions, the establishment of school playgrounds, the extension of technical schools, and the incorporation of kindergartens into public schools.Mark served several terms as President of the Civic Federation of Chicago from 1907 to 1929, an active reform group that addressed the city’s social and political problems. It is noteworthy that Mark worked with Jane Addams on a number of educational and social reforms. Clayton Mark has been described by historians as taking part in a phenomenal number of civic affairs with overwhelming energy and drive, and that "…he tried in every way to protect and foster the things in life that made it possible for him so it would be possible for others."