Cisalpine Gaulish
Encyclopedia
The Celtic Cisalpine
Gaulish inscriptions are frequently combined with the Lepontic
inscriptions under the term Celtic language remains in northern Italy. While it is possible that the Lepontians were autochthonous to northern Italy since the end of the 2nd millennium BC, it is well-known that the Gauls invaded the regions north of the river Po in several waves since the 5th century BC. They apparently took over the art of writing from the Lepontians, including some of the orthographic peculiarities. There are only about half a dozen Cisalpine Gaulish inscriptions, three of which are 'longer' than just one or two words. The inscriptions stem largely from the area south of the Lepontians. The bilingual inscription from Todi in Umbria is an exception and must be due to an exilant.
Transalpine Gaulish refers to the Celtic Gaulish language on the other side of the Alps (from Rome).
2. *NT > NT: *kom-bog(i)os > -Ko-PoKios, Quintus → KuiTos, *arganto- > arKaTo-, *longam > loKan
3. *χs > s(s): *egs- > *eχs > es in es-aneKoti, es-oPnos
2. word formation: ending of 3. sg./pl. preterite in -u, cp. karnitu(s) (Gaulish karnitou), vs. Lepontic KariTe, KaliTe
3. patronymics in -ikno/a- vs. Lep. -alo-, -ala-, -al (but also mixed in Late (?) Lepontic)
Cisalpine
Cisalpine may mean:-Historic geography:* Cisalpine Gaul, ancient Roman province* Cisalpine Republic, Napoleonic client state-Languages:...
Gaulish inscriptions are frequently combined with the Lepontic
Lepontic language
Lepontic is an extinct Alpine language that was spoken in parts of Rhaetia and Cisalpine Gaul between 550 and 100 BC. It was a Celtic language, although its exact classification within Celtic has been the object of debate...
inscriptions under the term Celtic language remains in northern Italy. While it is possible that the Lepontians were autochthonous to northern Italy since the end of the 2nd millennium BC, it is well-known that the Gauls invaded the regions north of the river Po in several waves since the 5th century BC. They apparently took over the art of writing from the Lepontians, including some of the orthographic peculiarities. There are only about half a dozen Cisalpine Gaulish inscriptions, three of which are 'longer' than just one or two words. The inscriptions stem largely from the area south of the Lepontians. The bilingual inscription from Todi in Umbria is an exception and must be due to an exilant.
Transalpine Gaulish refers to the Celtic Gaulish language on the other side of the Alps (from Rome).
Common features (not in Transalpine Gaulish)
1. *nd > nn: *ande- > -ane-, *and(e)-are- > an-are-, ?*and-o-kom- > ano-Ko-2. *NT > NT: *kom-bog(i)os > -Ko-PoKios, Quintus → KuiTos, *arganto- > arKaTo-, *longam > loKan
3. *χs > s(s): *egs- > *eχs > es in es-aneKoti, es-oPnos
Differences between Cisalpine Gaulish and Lepontic
1. *-m# > -n#: TeuoχTonion, loKan vs. Lep. Pruiam, Palam, uinom naśom (but also Cisalpine-Gaulish PoiKam, aTom [or: atoś?])2. word formation: ending of 3. sg./pl. preterite in -u, cp. karnitu(s) (Gaulish karnitou), vs. Lepontic KariTe, KaliTe
3. patronymics in -ikno/a- vs. Lep. -alo-, -ala-, -al (but also mixed in Late (?) Lepontic)
See also
- Lepontic languageLepontic languageLepontic is an extinct Alpine language that was spoken in parts of Rhaetia and Cisalpine Gaul between 550 and 100 BC. It was a Celtic language, although its exact classification within Celtic has been the object of debate...
- Gaulish languageGaulish languageThe Gaulish language is an extinct Celtic language that was spoken by the Gauls, a people who inhabited the region known as Gaul from the Iron Age through the Roman period...
- Continental Celtic languagesContinental Celtic languagesThe Continental Celtic languages are the Celtic languages, now extinct, that were spoken on the continent of Europe, as distinguished from the Insular Celtic languages of Britain and Ireland. The Continental Celtic languages were spoken by the people known to Roman and Greek writers as Keltoi,...
- Ancient peoples of Italy
- Cisalpine GaulCisalpine GaulCisalpine Gaul, in Latin: Gallia Cisalpina or Citerior, also called Gallia Togata, was a Roman province until 41 BC when it was merged into Roman Italy.It bore the name Gallia, because the great body of its inhabitants, after the expulsion of the Etruscans, consisted of Gauls or Celts...
- Cisalpine CelticCisalpine CelticThe Cisalpine Celtic languages of northern Italy include the Lepontic language and the Cisalpine Gaulish language.Transalpine Celtic refers to Celtic languages on the other side of the Alps such as Transalpine Gaulish....