Chris Kraus
Encyclopedia
Chris Kraus is a writer, filmmaker, and professor of film at European Graduate School
in Saas-Fee
, Switzerland. Her books include I Love Dick, Aliens & Anorexia, and Torpor
. Video Green, Kraus' first non-fiction book examines the explosion of late 1990s art by high-profile graduate programs that catapulted Los Angeles into the epicenter of the international art world. Her films include Gravity & Grace, How To Shoot A Crime, and The Golden Bowl, or, Repression.
, New Zealand, Kraus worked as a journalist for five years, and then moved to New York. Part of the city's then-burgeoning art scene, Kraus made films and video art and staged performances and plays at many venues. In the late 1970s she was a member of The Artists Project, a City-funded public service venture of painters, poets, writers, filmmakers and dancers.
Her work as a performance and video artist satirized the Downtown scene's gender politics and favored literary tropes, blending theatrical techniques with Dada, literary criticism, social activism, and performance art.
Kraus continued to make films through the mid 1990s. Since 2007 Chris Kraus is a professor of film at European Graduate School
in Saas-Fee, Switzerland. She now lives in Los Angeles.
I Love Dick is an epistolary novel. The text, a series of love letters to an elusive addressee, is anchored firmly in a tradition that can be traced back through Derrida's La Carte Postale, the letters of Madame de Sévigné (and their immense influence on Marcel Proust), Laclos' Les Liaisons Dangereuses and the letters of Héloise and Abelard, as well as art concret and the confrontational performance art of the 1970s. Its implicit conceit is the connection between the novel (in French, le roman) and romance: I Love Dick manages to be both a sincere lover's cry and a feminist manifesto, while at the same time destroying the bourgeois novel once and for all. I Love Dicks narrator invents a genre she names, variously, "The Dumb Cunt's Tale", "lonely girl phenomenology", and "performative philosophy", treating, among many other subjects, the paintings of R.B. Kitaj, the correspondence of Gustave Flaubert and Louise Colet, the activism of Jennifer Harbury
, and Felix Guattari's Chaosophy while deconstructing the institution of marriage and the life of the mind.
In an introduction to the second edition of the novel, Eileen Myles writes, "Chris' ultimate achievement is philosophical. She's turned female abjection inside out and aimed it at a man. As if her decades of experience were both a painting and a weapon. As if she, a hag, a kike, a poet, a failed filmmaker, a former go-go dancer—an intellectual, a wife, as if she had the right to go right up to the end of the book and live having felt all that. I Love Dick boldly suggests that Chris Kraus' unswervingly attempted and felt female life is a total work and it didn't kill her."
Some say that I Love Dick is not fiction piggy-backed on non-fiction or vice versa, but a sustained critique of the laziness of its readers.
Aliens and Anorexia
Perhaps Kraus's wildest novel, Aliens and Anorexia zooms back and forth in time and location, tracing the life and activism of Ulrike Meinhof, the downtown theatre scene in late seventies New York, the drug experiments of Aldous Huxley, the paintings and writings of Paul Thek, through the narrator Chris's fruitless attempts to make and sell a feature film, "Gravity and Grace", (which takes its title from the Simone Weil volume of the same name). Turning the "I" of I Love Dick even further outward, Kraus writes, "Sartre thinks that those who experience an intolerable situation through their bodies are manipulative cowards. It's inconceivable to him that female pain can be impersonal." Aliens and Anorexia is a kind of archaeology of embodied suffering, following the narrator's Crohn's disease back to Simone Weil's self-mortifying ethics, political theology, and eventual death by starvation. "All her life," Kraus writes, "Simone Weil suffered viscerally from the collapse of beauty. Without justice and the harmony of social life that it implies, there can be no beauty." And, "Food's a product of the culture and the cynicism of it makes me sick." Further, "Weil as the 'anorexic philosopher...' Though Friedrich Nietzsche suffered blinding headaches, The Gay Science is not interpreted as a Philosophy of Headaches." A hunger for understanding afflicts the novel's many characters, from a struggling artist in downtown New York who cannot bear to eat to New Zealanders who congregate to contact aliens. The real aliens are Simone Weil and a choir of woman radical heroes, none of whom quite become saints because none of them, to paraphrase Kraus, ever loses her intelligence.
Video Green
A series of 23 essays written between 1998 and 2003, mostly in her column "Torpor" in the magazine Artext, Video Green is dense with the literary, the personal, and the culturally marginal, like all of Kraus's writing. A few of the collection's notable essays not about L.A. include the elegaic "Posthumous Lives", about the performance artist Penny Arcade's loving curation of the estate of the filmmaker Jack Smith, and "How to Shoot a Crime," about Kraus's 1987 film of the same name. The volume's first essay and its lengthiest, "Art Collection" echoes both Walter Benjamin's "Unpacking My Library" and Wallace Stevens's "Prelude to Objects". The essay finds that "Collecting, in its most primitive form, implies a deep belief in the primacy and mystery of the object, as if the object was a wild thing. As if it had a meaning and a weight that was inherent, primary, that overrode attempts to classify it. As if the object didn't function best as a blank slate waiting to be written on by curatorial practice and art criticism." Reading texts on collecting and abjection, Kraus states, "We are witnessing a daily life that's so contemptible and trite that pornography becomes its only appropriate rejoinder." She follows the idea of collecting through L.A.'s M.F.A. art scene and real estate market, ending up in rural upstate New York with the extraordinary poetry—and art collection—of the all-but forgotten William Bronk.
Torpor
Torpor follows Jerome Shafir, a literature professor at Columbia, his wife, Sylvie Green, a writer and filmmaker with an inconclusive career, and their dog Lily through rustbelt New York, Paris, Berlin, and the Eastern Bloc at the dawn of the New World Order. As much a shattering portrait of Holocaust survivor as portrait of a marriage, Torpor is also the portrait of a lady rarely found in literature: a down-and-out intellectual bearing witness to a culture in collapse.
In Torpor, Kraus shifts out of the first-person narration of I Love Dick, employing a kind of free-indirect discourse that has led many reviewers to compare her style and devastating irony to that of Flaubert. In naming her central characters Sylvie and Jerome, Kraus alludes to the hapless, interchangeable protagonists of George Perec's first novel, Les Choses. Perec, a childhood friend of both Torpors Jerome and Kraus's real-life husband, Sylvère Lotringer
, is quoted several times in the novel. Felix Guattari and Nan Goldin also make appearances, among other cultural figures, though Kraus's use of "reality" comes to more subversive effect than a simple roman à clef.
and Ann Rower, Native Agents has published notable volumes of poetry by Eileen Myles
, Barbara Barg
, and Fanny Howe
, as well as memoirs and interviews by Kathy Acker
, Bob Flanagan
, David Rattray
, and William Burroughs.
, Rosanne Alluquere Stone, DJ Spooky
, Diane di Prima, the Moapa Band of Paiute Indians, visual artists, garage noise bands and 600 participants to investigate the mystery of chance at Whiskey Pete's Casino. Variously described as "a philosophy rave" and "one of the landmark LA events of the 90s," The Chance Event was reviewed on the front page of the LA Times and throughout the art press. Highlights, including a performance by Baudrillard wearing a gold Elvis-inspired blazer and accompanied by the 'Chance' band, were broadcast on European television. The event was funded by the French Cultural Service and Art Center College of Design.
Award for Art Criticism from the College Art Association
.
European Graduate School
The European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland is a privately funded graduate school founded by the non-profit European Foundation of Interdisciplinary Studies. Its German name is Europäische Universität für Interdisziplinäre Studien...
in Saas-Fee
Saas-Fee
Saas-Fee is the main village in the Saastal, or the Saas Valley, and is a municipality in the district of Visp in the canton of Valais in Switzerland...
, Switzerland. Her books include I Love Dick, Aliens & Anorexia, and Torpor
Torpor
Torpor, sometimes called temporary hibernation is a state of decreased physiological activity in an animal, usually characterized by a reduced body temperature and rate of metabolism. Animals that go through torpor include birds and some mammals such as mice and bats...
. Video Green, Kraus' first non-fiction book examines the explosion of late 1990s art by high-profile graduate programs that catapulted Los Angeles into the epicenter of the international art world. Her films include Gravity & Grace, How To Shoot A Crime, and The Golden Bowl, or, Repression.
Biography
Kraus spent her childhood in Connecticut and New Zealand. After obtaining a BA at a young age from Victoria University of WellingtonVictoria University of Wellington
Victoria University of Wellington was established in 1897 by Act of Parliament, and was a former constituent college of the University of New Zealand. It is particularly well known for its programmes in law, the humanities, and some scientific disciplines, but offers a broad range of other courses...
, New Zealand, Kraus worked as a journalist for five years, and then moved to New York. Part of the city's then-burgeoning art scene, Kraus made films and video art and staged performances and plays at many venues. In the late 1970s she was a member of The Artists Project, a City-funded public service venture of painters, poets, writers, filmmakers and dancers.
Her work as a performance and video artist satirized the Downtown scene's gender politics and favored literary tropes, blending theatrical techniques with Dada, literary criticism, social activism, and performance art.
Kraus continued to make films through the mid 1990s. Since 2007 Chris Kraus is a professor of film at European Graduate School
European Graduate School
The European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland is a privately funded graduate school founded by the non-profit European Foundation of Interdisciplinary Studies. Its German name is Europäische Universität für Interdisziplinäre Studien...
in Saas-Fee, Switzerland. She now lives in Los Angeles.
Works
I Love DickI Love Dick is an epistolary novel. The text, a series of love letters to an elusive addressee, is anchored firmly in a tradition that can be traced back through Derrida's La Carte Postale, the letters of Madame de Sévigné (and their immense influence on Marcel Proust), Laclos' Les Liaisons Dangereuses and the letters of Héloise and Abelard, as well as art concret and the confrontational performance art of the 1970s. Its implicit conceit is the connection between the novel (in French, le roman) and romance: I Love Dick manages to be both a sincere lover's cry and a feminist manifesto, while at the same time destroying the bourgeois novel once and for all. I Love Dicks narrator invents a genre she names, variously, "The Dumb Cunt's Tale", "lonely girl phenomenology", and "performative philosophy", treating, among many other subjects, the paintings of R.B. Kitaj, the correspondence of Gustave Flaubert and Louise Colet, the activism of Jennifer Harbury
Jennifer Harbury
Jennifer K. Harbury is an American lawyer, author, and human rights activist.Her personal story, writing, and activism are significant in revealing the complicity of the CIA in human rights abuses, particularly in Central America....
, and Felix Guattari's Chaosophy while deconstructing the institution of marriage and the life of the mind.
In an introduction to the second edition of the novel, Eileen Myles writes, "Chris' ultimate achievement is philosophical. She's turned female abjection inside out and aimed it at a man. As if her decades of experience were both a painting and a weapon. As if she, a hag, a kike, a poet, a failed filmmaker, a former go-go dancer—an intellectual, a wife, as if she had the right to go right up to the end of the book and live having felt all that. I Love Dick boldly suggests that Chris Kraus' unswervingly attempted and felt female life is a total work and it didn't kill her."
Some say that I Love Dick is not fiction piggy-backed on non-fiction or vice versa, but a sustained critique of the laziness of its readers.
Aliens and Anorexia
Perhaps Kraus's wildest novel, Aliens and Anorexia zooms back and forth in time and location, tracing the life and activism of Ulrike Meinhof, the downtown theatre scene in late seventies New York, the drug experiments of Aldous Huxley, the paintings and writings of Paul Thek, through the narrator Chris's fruitless attempts to make and sell a feature film, "Gravity and Grace", (which takes its title from the Simone Weil volume of the same name). Turning the "I" of I Love Dick even further outward, Kraus writes, "Sartre thinks that those who experience an intolerable situation through their bodies are manipulative cowards. It's inconceivable to him that female pain can be impersonal." Aliens and Anorexia is a kind of archaeology of embodied suffering, following the narrator's Crohn's disease back to Simone Weil's self-mortifying ethics, political theology, and eventual death by starvation. "All her life," Kraus writes, "Simone Weil suffered viscerally from the collapse of beauty. Without justice and the harmony of social life that it implies, there can be no beauty." And, "Food's a product of the culture and the cynicism of it makes me sick." Further, "Weil as the 'anorexic philosopher...' Though Friedrich Nietzsche suffered blinding headaches, The Gay Science is not interpreted as a Philosophy of Headaches." A hunger for understanding afflicts the novel's many characters, from a struggling artist in downtown New York who cannot bear to eat to New Zealanders who congregate to contact aliens. The real aliens are Simone Weil and a choir of woman radical heroes, none of whom quite become saints because none of them, to paraphrase Kraus, ever loses her intelligence.
Video Green
A series of 23 essays written between 1998 and 2003, mostly in her column "Torpor" in the magazine Artext, Video Green is dense with the literary, the personal, and the culturally marginal, like all of Kraus's writing. A few of the collection's notable essays not about L.A. include the elegaic "Posthumous Lives", about the performance artist Penny Arcade's loving curation of the estate of the filmmaker Jack Smith, and "How to Shoot a Crime," about Kraus's 1987 film of the same name. The volume's first essay and its lengthiest, "Art Collection" echoes both Walter Benjamin's "Unpacking My Library" and Wallace Stevens's "Prelude to Objects". The essay finds that "Collecting, in its most primitive form, implies a deep belief in the primacy and mystery of the object, as if the object was a wild thing. As if it had a meaning and a weight that was inherent, primary, that overrode attempts to classify it. As if the object didn't function best as a blank slate waiting to be written on by curatorial practice and art criticism." Reading texts on collecting and abjection, Kraus states, "We are witnessing a daily life that's so contemptible and trite that pornography becomes its only appropriate rejoinder." She follows the idea of collecting through L.A.'s M.F.A. art scene and real estate market, ending up in rural upstate New York with the extraordinary poetry—and art collection—of the all-but forgotten William Bronk.
Torpor
Torpor follows Jerome Shafir, a literature professor at Columbia, his wife, Sylvie Green, a writer and filmmaker with an inconclusive career, and their dog Lily through rustbelt New York, Paris, Berlin, and the Eastern Bloc at the dawn of the New World Order. As much a shattering portrait of Holocaust survivor as portrait of a marriage, Torpor is also the portrait of a lady rarely found in literature: a down-and-out intellectual bearing witness to a culture in collapse.
In Torpor, Kraus shifts out of the first-person narration of I Love Dick, employing a kind of free-indirect discourse that has led many reviewers to compare her style and devastating irony to that of Flaubert. In naming her central characters Sylvie and Jerome, Kraus alludes to the hapless, interchangeable protagonists of George Perec's first novel, Les Choses. Perec, a childhood friend of both Torpors Jerome and Kraus's real-life husband, Sylvère Lotringer
Sylvère Lotringer
Sylvère Lotringer is a literary critic and cultural theorist. A younger contemporary of Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari, Jean Baudrillard, Paul Virilio and Michel Foucault, he is best known for synthesizing French theory with American literary, cultural and architectural avant-garde movements...
, is quoted several times in the novel. Felix Guattari and Nan Goldin also make appearances, among other cultural figures, though Kraus's use of "reality" comes to more subversive effect than a simple roman à clef.
Semiotext(e) Native Agents Series
Kraus founded the Semiotexte Native Agents imprint to publish fiction, mostly by women, as an analogue to French theories of subjectivity. In addition to groundbreaking works of fiction by writers like Michelle TeaMichelle Tea
Michelle Tea is an American author, poet, and literary arts organizer whose autobiographical works explore queer culture, feminism, race, class, prostitution, and other topics. She is originally from Chelsea, Massachusetts and currently lives in San Francisco...
and Ann Rower, Native Agents has published notable volumes of poetry by Eileen Myles
Eileen Myles
Eileen Myles is an American poet who has also worked in fiction, non-fiction, and theater.She won a 2010 Shelley Memorial Award.-Early life and career:...
, Barbara Barg
Barbara Barg
Barbara Barg is a poet, writer, and musician.Barg was born in Memphis and raised in Forrest City, Arkansas. After studying with poet Ted Berrigan at Northeastern Illinois University in Chicago, she moved to New York City and became involved in a number of individual and collaborative projects...
, and Fanny Howe
Fanny Howe
Fanny Howe is an American poet, novelist, and short story writer. She has written many novels in prose collection. Howe was awarded the 2009 Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize, presented annually by the Poetry Foundation to a living U.S...
, as well as memoirs and interviews by Kathy Acker
Kathy Acker
Kathy Acker was an American experimental novelist, punk poet, playwright, essayist, postmodernist and sex-positive feminist writer. She was strongly influenced by the Black Mountain School, William S...
, Bob Flanagan
Bob Flanagan
Bob Flanagan was an American performance artist, comic, writer, poet, and musician.-Early life:...
, David Rattray
David Rattray
David Grey Rattray was a well-known historian and tour guide of the 1879 Anglo-Zulu war in South Africa....
, and William Burroughs.
The Chance Event
The Chance Event: Three Days in the Desert: Primm, Nevada, November 1996. Curated by Chris Kraus, Chance brought together Jean BaudrillardJean Baudrillard
Jean Baudrillard was a French sociologist, philosopher, cultural theorist, political commentator, and photographer. His work is frequently associated with postmodernism and post-structuralism.-Life:...
, Rosanne Alluquere Stone, DJ Spooky
DJ Spooky
Paul D. Miller , known by his stage name DJ Spooky, That Subliminal Kid, is a Washington DC-born electronic and experimental hip hop musician whose work is often called by critics or his fans as "illbient" or "trip hop". He is a turntablist, a producer, a philosopher, and an author...
, Diane di Prima, the Moapa Band of Paiute Indians, visual artists, garage noise bands and 600 participants to investigate the mystery of chance at Whiskey Pete's Casino. Variously described as "a philosophy rave" and "one of the landmark LA events of the 90s," The Chance Event was reviewed on the front page of the LA Times and throughout the art press. Highlights, including a performance by Baudrillard wearing a gold Elvis-inspired blazer and accompanied by the 'Chance' band, were broadcast on European television. The event was funded by the French Cultural Service and Art Center College of Design.
Awards
In 2008, Kraus received the Frank Jewett MatherFrank Jewett Mather
Frank Jewett Mather was an American art critic and professor.He was born at Deep River, Conn., and graduated from Williams College in 1889 and from Johns Hopkins in 1892: he studied also at Berlin and at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes, Paris...
Award for Art Criticism from the College Art Association
College Art Association
The College Art Association of America is the principal professional association in the United States for practitioners and scholars of art, art history, and art criticism...
.
External links
- Interview with Chris Kraus for Cultural Icons series. Audio and video
- Chris Kraus. Faculty page at European Graduate SchoolEuropean Graduate SchoolThe European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland is a privately funded graduate school founded by the non-profit European Foundation of Interdisciplinary Studies. Its German name is Europäische Universität für Interdisziplinäre Studien...
(Biography, filmography, photos and video lectures) - Appearance on This American Life (Episode 95: Monogamy)
- Semiotexte.com Chris Kraus bio
- Interview with Michael Silverblatt (audio)
- New writing by Chris Kraus on RealitySandwich.com
- Interview at L.A. Lit
- Article by Joan Hawkins at C-Theory