Chlorostilbon
Encyclopedia
Chlorostilbon is a genus of hummingbird
in the family Trochilidae, known as emeralds (as are some hummingbirds in the genera
Amazilia
and Elvira
). A single species, the Blue-chinned Sapphire
is variously placed in the monotypic
genus Chlorestes or in Chlorostilbon. The taxonomy
of the C. mellisugus superspecies
is highly complex and, depending on view, includes 1-8 species. All species in this genus have straight black or black-and-red bills. The males are overall iridescent green, golden-green or bluish-green, and in some species the tail and/or throat is blue. The females have whitish-grey underparts, tail-corners and post-ocular streak.
Hummingbird
Hummingbirds are birds that comprise the family Trochilidae. They are among the smallest of birds, most species measuring in the 7.5–13 cm range. Indeed, the smallest extant bird species is a hummingbird, the 5-cm Bee Hummingbird. They can hover in mid-air by rapidly flapping their wings...
in the family Trochilidae, known as emeralds (as are some hummingbirds in the genera
Genera
Genera is a commercial operating system and development environment for Lisp machines developed by Symbolics. It is essentially a fork of an earlier operating system originating on the MIT AI Lab's Lisp machines which Symbolics had used in common with LMI and Texas Instruments...
Amazilia
Amazilia
Amazilia is a hummingbird genus in the subfamily Trochilinae. It occurs in tropical Central and South America.-Systematics:Some of the species listed here are occasionally placed in the genera Agyrtria, Polyerata and Saucerottia...
and Elvira
Elvira (genus)
Elvira is a genus of hummingbirds. It consists of two small species.They are:*White-tailed Emerald, Elvira chionura*Coppery-headed Emerald, Elvira cupreiceps...
). A single species, the Blue-chinned Sapphire
Blue-chinned Sapphire
The Blue-chinned Sapphire is a hummingbird that breeds from Colombia south and east to the Guianas, Trinidad, Peru, and Brazil. There have been occasional records from Tobago...
is variously placed in the monotypic
Monotypic
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group with only one biological type. The term's usage differs slightly between botany and zoology. The term monotypic has a separate use in conservation biology, monotypic habitat, regarding species habitat conversion eliminating biodiversity and...
genus Chlorestes or in Chlorostilbon. The taxonomy
Taxonomy
Taxonomy is the science of identifying and naming species, and arranging them into a classification. The field of taxonomy, sometimes referred to as "biological taxonomy", revolves around the description and use of taxonomic units, known as taxa...
of the C. mellisugus superspecies
Superspecies
A superspecies is a group of at least two more or less distinctive species with approximately parapatric distributions. Not all species complexes, whether cryptices or ring species are superspecies, and vice versa, but many are...
is highly complex and, depending on view, includes 1-8 species. All species in this genus have straight black or black-and-red bills. The males are overall iridescent green, golden-green or bluish-green, and in some species the tail and/or throat is blue. The females have whitish-grey underparts, tail-corners and post-ocular streak.
Species
- Blue-tailed EmeraldBlue-tailed EmeraldThe Blue-tailed Emerald, Chlorostilbon mellisugus, is a hummingbird found in tropical and subtropical South America east of the Andes from Colombia east to the Guianas and Trinidad, and south to northern Bolivia and central Brazil....
(Chlorostilbon mellisugus)- Canivet's Emerald (Chlorostilbon (mellisugus) canivetii)
- Salvin's Emerald (Chlorostilbon (mellisugus/canivetii) salvini)
- Golden-crowned EmeraldGolden-crowned EmeraldThe Golden-Crowned Emerald is a species of hummingbird in the Trochilidae family.It is found only in Mexico.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . Downloaded on 10 July 2007....
(Chlorostilbon (mellisugus/canivetii) auriceps) - Cozumel EmeraldCozumel EmeraldThe Cozumel Emerald is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae.It is endemic to the Mexican island of Cozumel off the Yucatán Peninsula. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, and subtropical or tropical moist...
(Chlorostilbon (mellisugus/canivetii) forficatus)
- Garden EmeraldGarden EmeraldThe Garden Emerald is a small hummingbird that is an endemic resident breeder in Costa Rica and western Panama. It was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the Blue-tailed Emerald....
(Chlorostilbon (mellisugus) assimilis) - Red-billed EmeraldRed-billed EmeraldThe Red-billed Emerald is a species of hummingbird in the Trochilidae family. Formerly it was considered as part of the species C. mellisugus, Blue-tailed Emerald. As considered here, it does not include C...
(Chlorostilbon (mellisugus) gibsoni)- Western (or West Andean) EmeraldWestern EmeraldThe Western Emerald is a species of hummingbird in the Trochilidae family. Alternatively, it has been considered as a subspecies of either the Blue-tailed Emerald, C. mellisugus, or the Red-billed Emerald, C...
(Chlorostilbon (mellisugus/gibsoni) melanorhynchus)
- Western (or West Andean) Emerald
- Canivet's Emerald (Chlorostilbon (mellisugus) canivetii)
- Chiribiquete EmeraldChiribiquete EmeraldThe Chiribiquete Emerald is a species of hummingbird in the Trochilidae family.It is found only in Colombia.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . Downloaded on 10 July 2007....
(Chlorostilbon olivaresi) - Glittering-bellied EmeraldGlittering-bellied EmeraldThe Glittering-bellied Emerald is a species of hummingbird in the Trochilidae family. It has widely been listed by the scientific name Chlorostilbon aureoventris, but this was shown to be mistaken by J. F. Pacheco and B. M. Whitney in 2006.It is found in north-eastern Argentina, eastern and...
(Chlorostilbon lucidus; formerly C. aureoventris) - Cuban EmeraldCuban EmeraldThe Cuban Emerald is a species of hummingbird in the Trochilidae family. It is found in a wide range of semi-open habitats in Cuba and the Bahamas....
(Chlorostilbon ricordii) - Brace's EmeraldBrace's EmeraldBrace's Emerald is an extinct species of hummingbird which was endemic to the main island of the Bahamas, New Providence.-Description:...
(Chlorostilbon bracei) - extinct - Hispaniolan EmeraldHispaniolan EmeraldThe Hispaniolan Emerald is a species of hummingbird in the Trochilidae family.It is found in the Dominican Republic and Haiti....
(Chlorostilbon swainsonii) - Puerto Rican EmeraldPuerto Rican EmeraldThe Puerto Rican Emerald , or Zumbadorcito de Puerto Rico in Spanish, is an endemic hummingbird found only in the archipelago of Puerto Rico....
(Chlorostilbon maugaeus) - Coppery EmeraldCoppery EmeraldThe Coppery Emerald is a species of hummingbird in the Trochilidae family.It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and heavily degraded former forest....
(Chlorostilbon russatus) - Narrow-tailed EmeraldNarrow-tailed EmeraldThe Narrow-Tailed Emerald is a species of hummingbird in the Trochilidae family.It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela....
(Chlorostilbon stenurus) - Green-tailed EmeraldGreen-tailed EmeraldThe Green-Tailed Emerald is a species of hummingbird in the Trochilidae family.It is found only in Venezuela.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montanes, and heavily degraded former forest.-References:* BirdLife International 2004....
(Chlorostilbon alice) - Short-tailed EmeraldShort-tailed EmeraldThe Short-tailed Emerald is a species of hummingbird found in the Andes of Colombia and Venezuela. It has also been called Poortman's Emerald Hummingbird....
(Chlorostilbon poortmani) - Gould's (or Caribbean) EmeraldGould's EmeraldThe Gould's Emerald is a species of hummingbird in the Trochilidae family. It was described based on a single specimen of unknown origin, but Jamaica or the Bahamas are likely. Except for the type specimen, there are no records, and it is presumed extinct.-Source:* BirdLife International 2004. . ...
(Chlorostilbon elegans) - extinct