Camps for soldiers of the UNR Army interned in Poland (1919-1924)
Encyclopedia
Camps for soldiers of the UNR Army interned in Poland.
Combatants of the UNR
Army were interned in Poland
initially at the end of 1919 (after the breakdown of Ukrainian front) in Łańcut immediately after they organized 6 Rifle divisions. After the defeat of the UNR Army at the end of 1920 and its crossing over to Polish territory, about 20 000 soldiers were placed in a number of Internment camps, the most important were in Łańcut, Aleksandrów Kujawski
and Kalisz
(Wadowice
and Piotrków
). In mid 1921, the internees were transferred from Łańcut to Strzałkowo and at the end of 1921 from Aleksandrów to Szczypiorno
, as well as to neighbouring Kalisz. The internment camps remained until their final liquidation in the middle of 1924.
The conditions of life in the camps of internees in Poland (in particular domestic and material) were difficult (considerably worse than in the internment camps for soldiers of Ukrainian Galician Army
in Czechoslovakia
). Despite this active cultural and educational life developed within the camps - courses for the illiterate and other (especially professional), various schools (there was a high school in Kalisz), folk university at Łańcut and Strzałkowo; galleries, theatrical groups and other educational and cultural organizations - publications exposed artistic and also religious life (in particular in the press).
The leader of camps of internee (it was in the Ukrainian hands and related to the UNR government in exile) cared about the theoretical military teaching and increased the petty officer personal. The camps of internees in Kalisz and Szczypiorno were after Warsaw the second cell of life of Ukrainian emigration in Poland. Amount of warriors in camps of internee diminished constantly: departure to Czechoslovakia, in particular on studies, to France
, on labour and others like that. After liquidation of camps of internees former warriors passed to status of political emigrants in Poland.
Combatants of the UNR
Ukrainian People's Republic
The Ukrainian People's Republic or Ukrainian National Republic was a republic that was declared in part of the territory of modern Ukraine after the Russian Revolution, eventually headed by Symon Petliura.-Revolutionary Wave:...
Army were interned in Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
initially at the end of 1919 (after the breakdown of Ukrainian front) in Łańcut immediately after they organized 6 Rifle divisions. After the defeat of the UNR Army at the end of 1920 and its crossing over to Polish territory, about 20 000 soldiers were placed in a number of Internment camps, the most important were in Łańcut, Aleksandrów Kujawski
Aleksandrów Kujawski
Aleksandrów Kujawski is a small town in Poland, in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship.It is situated about 18 km south-east of Toruń...
and Kalisz
Kalisz
Kalisz is a city in central Poland with 106,857 inhabitants , the capital city of the Kalisz Region. Situated on the Prosna river in the southeastern part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship, the city forms a conurbation with the nearby towns of Ostrów Wielkopolski and Nowe Skalmierzyce...
(Wadowice
Wadowice
Wadowice is a town in southern Poland, 50 km from Kraków with 19,200 inhabitants , situated on the Skawa river, confluence of Vistula, in the eastern part of Silesian Plateau...
and Piotrków
Piotrków
Piotrków may refer to the following places in Poland:*Piotrków Trybunalski, a city in Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship*Piotrków Kujawski, a city in Gmina Piotrków Kujawski in Radziejów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship...
). In mid 1921, the internees were transferred from Łańcut to Strzałkowo and at the end of 1921 from Aleksandrów to Szczypiorno
Szczypiorno
Szczypiorno is a municipal neighbourhood of the city of Kalisz, Poland. Formerly until 1976 a separate village at the outskirts of the city, it is best known as a seat of a World War I and Polish-Bolshevist War prisoner of war camp and the name-sake for szczypiorniak, the Polish language name for...
, as well as to neighbouring Kalisz. The internment camps remained until their final liquidation in the middle of 1924.
The conditions of life in the camps of internees in Poland (in particular domestic and material) were difficult (considerably worse than in the internment camps for soldiers of Ukrainian Galician Army
Ukrainian Galician Army
Ukrainian Galician Army , was the Ukrainian military of the West Ukrainian National Republic during and after the Polish-Ukrainian War. -Military equipment:...
in Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
). Despite this active cultural and educational life developed within the camps - courses for the illiterate and other (especially professional), various schools (there was a high school in Kalisz), folk university at Łańcut and Strzałkowo; galleries, theatrical groups and other educational and cultural organizations - publications exposed artistic and also religious life (in particular in the press).
The leader of camps of internee (it was in the Ukrainian hands and related to the UNR government in exile) cared about the theoretical military teaching and increased the petty officer personal. The camps of internees in Kalisz and Szczypiorno were after Warsaw the second cell of life of Ukrainian emigration in Poland. Amount of warriors in camps of internee diminished constantly: departure to Czechoslovakia, in particular on studies, to France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, on labour and others like that. After liquidation of camps of internees former warriors passed to status of political emigrants in Poland.