CN gas

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CN gas

Not to be confused with hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen cyanide

Hydrogen cyanide is a chemical compound with chemical formula HCN. A solution of hydrogen cyanide in water is called hydrocyanic acid. Hydrogen cyanide is a colorless, extremely poisonous, and highly volatility liquid that boiling slightly above room temperature at 26 Celsius ....
, HCN.

Phenacyl chloride is a a substituted acetophenone

Acetophenone

Acetophenone is the organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CCH3. It is the simplest aromatic ketone. This colourless, viscous liquid is a precursor to useful resins and fragrances....
. It is a useful building block in organic chemistry

Organic chemistry

Organic chemistry is a discipline within chemistry which involves the science study of the structure, properties, composition, chemical reaction, and preparation of chemical compounds that contain carbon....
. Apart from that, it has been historically used as a riot control agent

Riot control agent

Riot control agents are less-lethal lachrymatory agents used for riot control. Most commonly used riot control agents are pepper spray and various kinds of tear gas....
, where it is designated CN.

acyl chloride is readily available commercially. It may be synthesized by the Friedel-Crafts acylation of benzene

Benzene

Benzene, or benzol, is an organic compound chemical compound and a known carcinogen with the molecular formula Carbon6Hydrogen6....
using chloroacetyl chloride

Chloroacetyl chloride

Chloroacetyl chloride is a chlorinated acyl chloride. It is a bifunctional compound, making it a useful building block chemical....
, with an aluminium chloride

Aluminium chloride

Aluminium chloride is a chemical compound of aluminium and chlorine. The solid has a low melting and boiling point, and is Covalent bond. It sublimation at 178 ?Celsius....
catalyst:

as investigated, but not used, during the First

World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
and Second World Wars, and was used by United States forces in Vietnam

Vietnam

Vietnam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam , is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by People's Republic of China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east....
.

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Encyclopedia

Phenacyl chloride is a a substituted acetophenone

Acetophenone

Organic chemistry

Riot control agent

Preparation

Phenacyl chloride is readily available commercially. It may be synthesized by the Friedel-Crafts acylation of benzene

Benzene

Benzene, or benzol, is an organic compound chemical compound and a known carcinogen with the molecular formula Carbon6Hydrogen6....
using chloroacetyl chloride

Chloroacetyl chloride

Chloroacetyl chloride is a chlorinated acyl chloride. It is a bifunctional compound, making it a useful building block chemical....
, with an aluminium chloride

Aluminium chloride

Aluminium chloride is a chemical compound of aluminium and chlorine. The solid has a low melting and boiling point, and is Covalent bond. It sublimation at 178 ?Celsius....
catalyst:

Riot control agent

It was investigated, but not used, during the First

World War I

Vietnam

CS gas

CS gas is the common name for 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile , a "tear gas" that is used as a riot control agent. It is generally accepted as being Non-lethal force....
.

CN is still supplied to paramilitary

Paramilitary

A paramilitary is a force whose function and organisation are similar to those of a professional military force, but which is not regarded as having the same status....
and police forces in a small pressurized aerosol can known as “Mace

Mace (spray)

Mace is a tear gas in the form of an aerosol spray which propels a lachrymatory agent mixed with a volatile solvent. It is sometimes used as a self-defense device....
” or tear gas. Its use has fallen by the wayside as pepper spray

Pepper spray

Pepper spray, also known as OC spray , OC gas, and capsicum spray, is a lachrymatory agent that is used in riot control, crowd control, and personal self-defense, including defense against dogs and bears....
works faster and disperses more quickly than CN.

The term "Mace" came into being because it was the brand-name invented by one of the first American manufacturers of CN aerosol sprays. Subsequently, Mace became synonymous with tear-gas sprays in the same way that Kleenex

Kleenex

Kleenex is a brand name for a variety of products such as facial tissue, bathroom tissue, paper towels, and diapers. Kleenex is a registered trademark of Kimberly-Clark....
has become strongly associated with tissue paper

Tissue paper

Tissue paper is a lightweight, light cr?pe paper. Tissue can be made both from virgin and recycled pulp ....
s (a phenomenon known as a Genericised trademark).

Like CS gas, this compound irritates the mucous membrane

Mucous membrane

The mucous membranes are linings of mostly germ layer origin, covered in epithelium, which are involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organ ....
s (oral, nasal, conjunctiva

Conjunctiva

The conjunctiva is a clear mucous membrane consisting of cells and underlying basement membrane that covers the sclera and lines the inside of the eyelids....
l and tracheobronchial). Sometimes it can give rise to more generalized reactions such as syncope, temporary loss of balance and orientation. More rarely, cutaneous irritating outbreaks have been observed and allergic contact permanent dermatitis

Dermatitis

Dermatitis is a blanket term meaning any "inflammation of the skin" . There are several different types of dermatitis. The different kinds usually have in common an allergic reaction to specific allergens....
.