Bergmann's Elm
Encyclopedia
Bergmann's Elm Ulmus bergmanniana C. K. Schneid. is a deciduous
tree found across much of China
in forests at elevations of between 1500 m and 3000 m.
The tree is very closely related to the Wych Elm
Ulmus glabra; it can reach a height of 26 m with a wide-spreading crown, and a trunk of about 0.9 m d.b.h
. The bark is longitudinally fissured, and varies in colour from greyish-white to dark grey. The pubescent leaves range from obovate
to elliptic
, < 16 cm long, and bluish-green in colour http://www.asianflora.com/Ulmaceae/Ulmus-bergmanniana.htm. The perfect, wind-pollinated apetalous flowers are produced on second-year shoots in February, followed by generally orbicular samarae
< 16 mm in diameter. Branchlets do not possess the corky wings characteristic of many other elm species.
, in trials http://www.sunshinenursery.com/survey.htm in Oklahoma
it was also found to be eschewed by the elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Xanthogaleruca_luteola, but further north at the Morton Arboretum
was moderately to highly preferred by the insect. The species is also susceptible to the Elm Leafminer.
s of this taxon, nor is it known to be in commerce beyond the USA.
L.K.Fu, and var. lasiophylla
C.K.Schneid..
Europe
Deciduous
Deciduous means "falling off at maturity" or "tending to fall off", and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally, and to the shedding of other plant structures such as petals after flowering or fruit when ripe...
tree found across much of China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
in forests at elevations of between 1500 m and 3000 m.
Description
Wych Elm
Ulmus glabra, the Wych elm or Scots elm, has the widest range of the European elm species, from Ireland eastwards to the Urals, and from the Arctic Circle south to the mountains of the Peloponnese in Greece; it is also found in Iran...
Ulmus glabra; it can reach a height of 26 m with a wide-spreading crown, and a trunk of about 0.9 m d.b.h
Diameter at breast height
Diameter at breast height, or DBH, is a standard method of expressing the diameter of the trunk or bole of a standing tree. DBH is one of the most common dendrometric measurements....
. The bark is longitudinally fissured, and varies in colour from greyish-white to dark grey. The pubescent leaves range from obovate
Leaf shape
In botany, leaf shape is characterised with the following terms :* Acicular : Slender and pointed, needle-like* Acuminate : Tapering to a long point...
to elliptic
Leaf shape
In botany, leaf shape is characterised with the following terms :* Acicular : Slender and pointed, needle-like* Acuminate : Tapering to a long point...
, < 16 cm long, and bluish-green in colour http://www.asianflora.com/Ulmaceae/Ulmus-bergmanniana.htm. The perfect, wind-pollinated apetalous flowers are produced on second-year shoots in February, followed by generally orbicular samarae
Samara (fruit)
A samara is a type of fruit in which a flattened wing of fibrous, papery tissue develops from the ovary wall. A samara is a simple dry fruit and indehiscent . It is a winged achene...
< 16 mm in diameter. Branchlets do not possess the corky wings characteristic of many other elm species.
Pests and diseases
Resistant to Dutch elm diseaseDutch elm disease
Dutch elm disease is a disease caused by a member of the sac fungi category, affecting elm trees which is spread by the elm bark beetle. Although believed to be originally native to Asia, the disease has been accidentally introduced into America and Europe, where it has devastated native...
, in trials http://www.sunshinenursery.com/survey.htm in Oklahoma
Oklahoma
Oklahoma is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. With an estimated 3,751,351 residents as of the 2010 census and a land area of 68,667 square miles , Oklahoma is the 28th most populous and 20th-largest state...
it was also found to be eschewed by the elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola
Xanthogaleruca luteola
Xanthogaleruca luteola, commonly known as the Elm Leaf Beetle, is a serious pest of the elm. Indigenous to Europe, it was accidentally introduced to North America. Both the imagines and larvae feed on the emergent leaves of the elm...
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Xanthogaleruca_luteola, but further north at the Morton Arboretum
Morton Arboretum
The Morton Arboretum, in Lisle, Illinois, covers 1,700 acres and is made up of gardens of various plant types and collections of trees from specific taxonomical and geographical areas. It includes native woodlands and a restored Illinois prairie. The Arboretum has over 4,100 different species of...
was moderately to highly preferred by the insect. The species is also susceptible to the Elm Leafminer.
Cultivation
The tree was introduced to the West in 1900. In trials in the USA it was found to propagate well, and also proved to be very winter hardy. There are no known cultivarCultivar
A cultivar'Cultivar has two meanings as explained under Formal definition. When used in reference to a taxon, the word does not apply to an individual plant but to all those plants sharing the unique characteristics that define the cultivar. is a plant or group of plants selected for desirable...
s of this taxon, nor is it known to be in commerce beyond the USA.
Subspecies & varieties
Two varieties are recognized: var. bergmannianaUlmus bergmanniana var. bergmanniana
U. bergmanniana var. bergmanniana L. K. Fu is endemic to mountain slopes between 1500 m and 2600 m elevation in the provinces of Anhui, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Zhejiang.-Description:...
L.K.Fu, and var. lasiophylla
Ulmus bergmanniana var. lasiophylla
Ulmus bergmanniana var. lasiophylla C. K. Schneid. is endemic to China, on mountain slopes between 2100 m and 2900 m elevation in the provinces of Gansu, Shaanxi, north-west Sichuan, south-east Xizang , and north-west Yunnan....
C.K.Schneid..
Etymology
Unclear; possibly named for the American botanist Louis Susette Bergmann, (1868-?).Accessions
North America- Brenton ArboretumBrenton ArboretumThe Brenton Arboretum 121 acres is a new arboretum and botanical garden in early stages of development, located at 2629 Palo Circle, Dallas Center, Iowa, USA. The Arboretum aims to display all Iowa native trees and shrubs suitable to the site, as well as many other tree species which can grow in...
, Dallas Center, IowaIowaIowa is a state located in the Midwestern United States, an area often referred to as the "American Heartland". It derives its name from the Ioway people, one of the many American Indian tribes that occupied the state at the time of European exploration. Iowa was a part of the French colony of New...
. No accession details available. - Chicago Botanic GardenChicago Botanic GardenLocated at 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, Illinois, USA, the Chicago Botanic Garden is a living plant museum situated on nine islands featuring 24 display gardens and surrounded by four natural habitats: McDonald Woods, Dixon Prairie, Skokie River Corridor, and Lakes and Shores. The Garden is open...
, GlencoeGlencoe, IllinoisGlencoe is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census, the village population was 8,723. Glencoe is located on suburban Chicago's North Shore. Glencoe is located within the New Trier High School District. Glencoe is regarded as one of the most affluent suburbs on...
, IllinoisIllinoisIllinois is the fifth-most populous state of the United States of America, and is often noted for being a microcosm of the entire country. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois, and natural resources like coal,...
. Planted in West Collections Area. - Denver Botanic GardensDenver Botanic GardensThe Denver Botanic Gardens is a public botanical garden located in Denver, Colorado in the Cheesman Park neighborhood. The park contains a conservatory, a variety of theme gardens and a sunken amphitheater, which hosts various concerts in the summer...
, (no acc. no. available). - Morton ArboretumMorton ArboretumThe Morton Arboretum, in Lisle, Illinois, covers 1,700 acres and is made up of gardens of various plant types and collections of trees from specific taxonomical and geographical areas. It includes native woodlands and a restored Illinois prairie. The Arboretum has over 4,100 different species of...
, acc. no. 44-95. Obtained from YunnanYunnanYunnan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country spanning approximately and with a population of 45.7 million . The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders Burma, Laos, and Vietnam.Yunnan is situated in a mountainous area, with...
Province, ChinaChinaChinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
. - U S National ArboretumUnited States National ArboretumThe United States National Arboretum is an arboretum in Washington, D.C., operated by the United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service as a division of the Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center...
http://www.usna.usda.gov/index.htm, Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....
, USA. Acc. nos. 68997, 76216, 76217, 76242, 68977.
Europe
- Grange Farm ArboretumGrange Farm ArboretumThe Grange Farm Arboretum is a small private arboretum comprising 3 hectares accommodating over 800 trees, mostly native and ornamental species or cultivars, notably oaks, ashes, walnuts and elms, growing on a calcareous loam....
, Sutton St JamesSutton St JamesSutton St James is a village and civil parish in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England, about south west of Long Sutton.Lying in the Lincolnshire Fens, Sutton St James did not exist at the time of Domesday Book of 1086...
, SpaldingSpalding, LincolnshireSpalding is a market town with a population of 30,000 on the River Welland in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. Little London is a hamlet directly south of Spalding on the B1172 road....
, LincolnshireLincolnshireLincolnshire is a county in the east of England. It borders Norfolk to the south east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south west, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire to the west, South Yorkshire to the north west, and the East Riding of Yorkshire to the north. It also borders...
, UK, acc. no. 507 - Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, UK, acc. no. 20030262, origin unknown
- Royal Botanic Gardens, KewRoyal Botanic Gardens, KewThe Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, usually referred to as Kew Gardens, is 121 hectares of gardens and botanical glasshouses between Richmond and Kew in southwest London, England. "The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" and the brand name "Kew" are also used as umbrella terms for the institution that runs...
, UK, acc. no. 1973-11708. Tree planted 1972, British champion tree, 8 m high, 34 cm d.b.h. in 2001 .; origin undisclosed.
Nurseries
North America- Sunshine Nursery http://www.sunshinenursery.com/catalogue.htm, ClintonClinton, OklahomaClinton is a city in Custer and Washita counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The population was 9,033 at the 2010 census.-History:The community began in 1899 when two men, J.L. Avant and E.E...
, OklahomaOklahomaOklahoma is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. With an estimated 3,751,351 residents as of the 2010 census and a land area of 68,667 square miles , Oklahoma is the 28th most populous and 20th-largest state...
.