Automatic activation device
Encyclopedia
Automatic Activation Device in skydiving terminology refers to an electronic-pyrotechnic
or mechanical device that automatically opens the main or reserve parachute
container at a preset altitude or after a preset time.
AADs are typically used to open the reserve parachute container at a preset altitude if the descent rate exceeds a preset activation speed. This indicates that the user has not opened his parachute, or that the parachute is malfunctioning and is not slowing the descent rate sufficiently.
The older style mechanical AADs are falling out of fashion in favour of the newer style electronic-pyrotechnic models. The built-in computers in the newer models can make much better estimates of the altitude and the vertical speed, therefore making the units more reliable than the older types.
These types of AAD typically employ a small pyrotechnic charge to sever the reserve container closing loop, allowing the spring-loaded reserve pilot chute to deploy.
Undesired AAD activations can also occur due to user error. This can happen if the skydiver deploys the main canopy too low, and the AAD activates while the main is deploying, resulting in both parachutes being deployed. It can also happen if the AAD is not calibrated to the correct ground level, either due to turning the AAD on at a location with a different elevation than the airport, or entering an incorrect altitude offset (a feature that is normally used to compensate for a landing zone that is at a different elevation than the airport).
Some models of AAD carry a risk of deploying the reserve inside the aircraft in cases of sudden aircraft pressurization, or during a rapid descent when landing with the aircraft.
There is a risk of the user forgetting to turn on the AAD, in which case it will not operate at all, even if required.
With the exception of a true malfunction, all of these potential problems can be avoided by reading and following the instruction manual.
The risk of an AAD malfunction is far smaller than the risk of a situation in which the AAD can save somebody's life. Some drop zones require all jumpers to use AADs, and all student jumpers are required to use them in accordance with section 2-1.k.2.d of the USPA's SIM.
Pyrotechnic fastener
A pyrotechnic fastener is a fastener, usually a nut or bolt, that incorporates a pyrotechnic charge that can be initiated remotely. One or more explosive charges embedded within the bolt are typically activated by an electric current, and the charge breaks the bolt into two or more pieces...
or mechanical device that automatically opens the main or reserve parachute
Parachute
A parachute is a device used to slow the motion of an object through an atmosphere by creating drag, or in the case of ram-air parachutes, aerodynamic lift. Parachutes are usually made out of light, strong cloth, originally silk, now most commonly nylon...
container at a preset altitude or after a preset time.
AADs are typically used to open the reserve parachute container at a preset altitude if the descent rate exceeds a preset activation speed. This indicates that the user has not opened his parachute, or that the parachute is malfunctioning and is not slowing the descent rate sufficiently.
The older style mechanical AADs are falling out of fashion in favour of the newer style electronic-pyrotechnic models. The built-in computers in the newer models can make much better estimates of the altitude and the vertical speed, therefore making the units more reliable than the older types.
Electronic
| Manufacturer | Models |
|---|---|
| Advanced Aerospace Designs | Vigil, Vigil 2 |
| Airtec | CYPRES Cypres CYPRES is an acronym for Cybernetic Parachute Release System. It refers to a specific make and model of an automatic activation device , a device that automatically opens a parachute under certain circumstances. A CYPRES will usually open at a preset altitude if the rate of descent is over a... , CYPRES 2 |
| Aviacom | Argus |
| FXC | Astra |
| MarS | MPAAD |
These types of AAD typically employ a small pyrotechnic charge to sever the reserve container closing loop, allowing the spring-loaded reserve pilot chute to deploy.
Mechanical
| Manufacturer | Models |
|---|---|
| FXC | Model 12000 |
| Hi Tek | Model 8000 |
| SSE | Sentinel |
| 2MPZ | KAP-3 |
Safety
AADs can malfunction and deploy the reserve parachute when the firing parameters have not been met, but this is rare even with the older mechanical AADs and almost unheard of with newer electronic models. This will result in either a premature reserve deployment if it happens prior to main deployment, or in both parachutes being deployed if it happens after main deployment. A premature reserve deployment can be dangerous if it happens while exiting the aircraft, or in close proximity to other skydivers in freefall. A deployment of both canopies could result in an entanglement between the two canopies.Undesired AAD activations can also occur due to user error. This can happen if the skydiver deploys the main canopy too low, and the AAD activates while the main is deploying, resulting in both parachutes being deployed. It can also happen if the AAD is not calibrated to the correct ground level, either due to turning the AAD on at a location with a different elevation than the airport, or entering an incorrect altitude offset (a feature that is normally used to compensate for a landing zone that is at a different elevation than the airport).
Some models of AAD carry a risk of deploying the reserve inside the aircraft in cases of sudden aircraft pressurization, or during a rapid descent when landing with the aircraft.
There is a risk of the user forgetting to turn on the AAD, in which case it will not operate at all, even if required.
With the exception of a true malfunction, all of these potential problems can be avoided by reading and following the instruction manual.
The risk of an AAD malfunction is far smaller than the risk of a situation in which the AAD can save somebody's life. Some drop zones require all jumpers to use AADs, and all student jumpers are required to use them in accordance with section 2-1.k.2.d of the USPA's SIM.
External links
- Argus - Argus SIS
- Airtec - Cypres and Cypres 2
- FXC Corporation - FXC 12000 and Astra
- Advanced Aerospace Designs - Vigil
- ParachuteHistory.com - Hi Tek 8000
- ParachuteHistory.com - Sentinel