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Atomic percent
 
 
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Atomic percent or at.% is a measure of concentration
Concentration

In chemistry, concentration is the measure of how much of a given chemical substance there is mixed with another substance. This can apply to any sort of chemical mixture, but most frequently the concept is limited to homogeneous solutions, where it refers to the amount of solute in the solvent....
 of dopant
Dopant

A dopant, also called doping agent and dope, is an impurity element added to a crystal or semiconductor lattice in low concentrations in order to alter the optical/electrical properties of the semiconductor....
, used in chemistry
Chemistry

Chemistry is the science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions....
, physics of solid state lasers and spectroscopy
Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy was originally the study of the interaction between radiation and matter as a function of wavelength . In fact, historically, spectroscopy referred to the use of visible light dispersed according to its wavelength, e.g....
. The meaning of this term strongly depends on the context, host material and dopant. In particular, atomic percent may refer to:

(A) Molar fraction , which is ratio

(B) The molar (or atomic) percentage refers to the ratio
.

For example, according to the definition (B), 100% doped is just , not pure Yb
Yb

YB is an acronym for:* Ytterbium, the chemical element* Young Buck, Rapper* BSC Young Boys, a Berne soccer club* the chemical sign for the element Ytterbium...
, as it would be in the case of definition (A). Definition (B) is widely used in laser physics
Laser Physics

Laser Physics is an international scientific journalpublished by Nauka/Interperiodica Publishing. It is distributed through the Springer Science+Business Media publishing company....
, and the ambiguity
Ambiguity

Ambiguity is the property of being ambiguous, where a word, term, notation, sign, symbol, phrase, Sentence , or any other form used for communication, is called ambiguous if it can be interpreted in more than one way....
 of the term "atomic percent" may cause confusions.

Atomic percent is also used in applications involving atomic isotopes, such as nuclear engineering.






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Atomic percent or at.% is a measure of concentration
Concentration

In chemistry, concentration is the measure of how much of a given chemical substance there is mixed with another substance. This can apply to any sort of chemical mixture, but most frequently the concept is limited to homogeneous solutions, where it refers to the amount of solute in the solvent....
 of dopant
Dopant

A dopant, also called doping agent and dope, is an impurity element added to a crystal or semiconductor lattice in low concentrations in order to alter the optical/electrical properties of the semiconductor....
, used in chemistry
Chemistry

Chemistry is the science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions....
, physics of solid state lasers and spectroscopy
Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy was originally the study of the interaction between radiation and matter as a function of wavelength . In fact, historically, spectroscopy referred to the use of visible light dispersed according to its wavelength, e.g....
. The meaning of this term strongly depends on the context, host material and dopant. In particular, atomic percent may refer to:

(A) Molar fraction , which is ratio

(B) The molar (or atomic) percentage refers to the ratio
.

For example, according to the definition (B), 100% doped is just , not pure Yb
Yb

YB is an acronym for:* Ytterbium, the chemical element* Young Buck, Rapper* BSC Young Boys, a Berne soccer club* the chemical sign for the element Ytterbium...
, as it would be in the case of definition (A). Definition (B) is widely used in laser physics
Laser Physics

Laser Physics is an international scientific journalpublished by Nauka/Interperiodica Publishing. It is distributed through the Springer Science+Business Media publishing company....
, and the ambiguity
Ambiguity

Ambiguity is the property of being ambiguous, where a word, term, notation, sign, symbol, phrase, Sentence , or any other form used for communication, is called ambiguous if it can be interpreted in more than one way....
 of the term "atomic percent" may cause confusions.

Atomic percent is also used in applications involving atomic isotopes, such as nuclear engineering. In this context, the atomic percent refers to the ratio of the number of atoms of a particular isotope to the total number of atoms in the sample.