Arnold Raum
Encyclopedia
Arnold Raum served from 1950 to 1998 as a judge of the United States Tax Court
. He began working for the United States government in 1932 as an attorney for the Reconstruction Finance Corporation
. From 1934 to 1950, he worked in the United States Department of Justice
, as a special assistant in the Tax Division (1934-1939), as special assistant to the U.S. District Attorney for Louisiana (1939), and as Deputy Solicitor General (1939-1950).
Raum was born to Isaac and Ida Raum in Lynn, Massachusetts, in 1908. He graduated from Harvard University
in 1929 and from Harvard University
Law School in 1932. Shortly after completing law school, he began working for the Reconstruction Finance Corporation
. As special assistant to the U.S. District Attorney for Louisiana, he headed investigations into fraud and tax evasion by Louisiana officials.
As Deputy Solicitor General, Raum argued numerous cases before the Supreme Court. They included United States v. State of California (1947), which established that the federal government rather than the California state government owned land under the ocean off the state's coast. Raum also played a major role in preparing the government's case in Hirabayashi v. United States
and argued cases before the Supreme Court
establishing the constitutionality of Social Security
.
In 1950, Raum was appointed to the United States Tax Court
by President Harry Truman. As Tax Court judge, Raum president over the 1957 trial of former New York City mayor William O'Dwyer
. Raum took senior judge status in 1978 and continued to serve on the court until 1998.
United States Tax Court
The United States Tax Court is a federal trial court of record established by Congress under Article I of the U.S. Constitution, section 8 of which provides that the Congress has the power to "constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court"...
. He began working for the United States government in 1932 as an attorney for the Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was an independent agency of the United States government, established and chartered by the US Congress in 1932, Act of January 22, 1932, c. 8, 47 Stat. 5, during the administration of President Herbert Hoover. It was modeled after the War Finance Corporation...
. From 1934 to 1950, he worked in the United States Department of Justice
United States Department of Justice
The United States Department of Justice , is the United States federal executive department responsible for the enforcement of the law and administration of justice, equivalent to the justice or interior ministries of other countries.The Department is led by the Attorney General, who is nominated...
, as a special assistant in the Tax Division (1934-1939), as special assistant to the U.S. District Attorney for Louisiana (1939), and as Deputy Solicitor General (1939-1950).
Raum was born to Isaac and Ida Raum in Lynn, Massachusetts, in 1908. He graduated from Harvard University
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, established in 1636 by the Massachusetts legislature. Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and the first corporation chartered in the country...
in 1929 and from Harvard University
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, established in 1636 by the Massachusetts legislature. Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and the first corporation chartered in the country...
Law School in 1932. Shortly after completing law school, he began working for the Reconstruction Finance Corporation
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was an independent agency of the United States government, established and chartered by the US Congress in 1932, Act of January 22, 1932, c. 8, 47 Stat. 5, during the administration of President Herbert Hoover. It was modeled after the War Finance Corporation...
. As special assistant to the U.S. District Attorney for Louisiana, he headed investigations into fraud and tax evasion by Louisiana officials.
As Deputy Solicitor General, Raum argued numerous cases before the Supreme Court. They included United States v. State of California (1947), which established that the federal government rather than the California state government owned land under the ocean off the state's coast. Raum also played a major role in preparing the government's case in Hirabayashi v. United States
Hirabayashi v. United States
Hirabayashi v. United States, 320 U.S. 81 , was a case in which the United States Supreme Court held that the application of curfews against members of a minority group were constitutional when the nation was at war with the country from which that group originated. Yasui v...
and argued cases before the Supreme Court
Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest court in the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all state and federal courts, and original jurisdiction over a small range of cases...
establishing the constitutionality of Social Security
Social Security (United States)
In the United States, Social Security refers to the federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance program.The original Social Security Act and the current version of the Act, as amended encompass several social welfare and social insurance programs...
.
In 1950, Raum was appointed to the United States Tax Court
United States Tax Court
The United States Tax Court is a federal trial court of record established by Congress under Article I of the U.S. Constitution, section 8 of which provides that the Congress has the power to "constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court"...
by President Harry Truman. As Tax Court judge, Raum president over the 1957 trial of former New York City mayor William O'Dwyer
William O'Dwyer
William O'Dwyer was the 100th Mayor of New York City, holding that office from 1946 to 1950.-Biography:O'Dwyer was born in County Mayo, Ireland and migrated to the United States in 1910, after abandoning studies for the priesthood...
. Raum took senior judge status in 1978 and continued to serve on the court until 1998.