Architectural style (National Register of Historic Places)
Encyclopedia
In the United States
, the National Register of Historic Places
classifies its listings by various types of architecture. Listed properties often are given one or more of 40 standard architectural style classifications that appear in the National Register Information System (NRIS) database. Other properties are given a custom architectural description with "vernacular" or other qualifiers, and others have no style classification. Many National Register-listed properties do not fit into the several categories listed here, or they fit into more specialized subcategories.
, and other influences. Just a few of many National Register-listed places identified with this style are El Zaribah Shrine Auditorium
, Odd Fellows Rest Cemetery
, Fort Smith Masonic Temple
, and Algeria Shrine Temple
.
is a general term. It emerged following the War of 1812
and while a revolutionary war in Greece attracted America's interest. It was perhaps the first architectural fashion movement in the United States which was meant to explicitly reject previous English traditions such as Adamesque style. Greek Revival architecture was popularized by Minard Lafever
's pattern books: The Young Builders' General Instructor in 1829, the Modern Builders' Guide in 1833, The Beauties of Modern Architecture in 1835, and The Architectural Instructor in 1850.
Greek Revival includes high-style and more vernacular versions such as the 1839 Simsbury Townhouse
built by an unknown craftsman.
It is a grouping of architectural styles that has been applied as a term by the U.S. National Register of Historic Places
in hundreds of listings. There are many buildings designed in an amalgam of revival styles that defy simpler classification (e.g. simply as Egyptian Revival architecture
) because they are a mix of styles.
Mission/Spanish Revival is an amalgam of two distinct styles popular in different eras, the first - Mission Revival architecture and the second - Spanish Colonial Revival architecture. The combined term, as well as the individual terms, is often used in classification of buildings listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places
.
"American Movements" is a phrase used also in visual arts of the United States
to refer to U.S.-centered or -originated movements such as Pop Art, and such as in the art of Edward Hopper
and Norman Rockwell
. (Note: Hopper and Rockwell themselves portrayed various architectural styles in their paintings of small-town and urban America.)
Bungalow/Craftsman is a term commonly appearing in National Register listings, which reflects American Craftsman
styling and Bungalow
building type. Craftsman style, depending on one's definition, may apply only to decorative arts of furniture and other objects while not to building architecture. Nonetheless, many thousands of craftsman-styled California Bungalow
houses nation-wide have been built. When listed on the National Register, they usually receive the "Bungalow/Craftsman" classification.
There are many hundreds of National Register-listed buildings of this type.
It may be a subtype of Commercial style, i.e. it may be a predecessor of the full Chicago school style
architecture.
Plains Commercial is another variant of Commercial style. See also Commercial Style.
in Middlefield, Connecticut.
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, the National Register of Historic Places
National Register of Historic Places
The National Register of Historic Places is the United States government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation...
classifies its listings by various types of architecture. Listed properties often are given one or more of 40 standard architectural style classifications that appear in the National Register Information System (NRIS) database. Other properties are given a custom architectural description with "vernacular" or other qualifiers, and others have no style classification. Many National Register-listed properties do not fit into the several categories listed here, or they fit into more specialized subcategories.
Classical Revival
- See also: Category: Neoclassical architecture in the United States
- See also: Category: Classical Revival architecture in the United States by state
Early Republic
- Early Republic architecture redirects to here
Exotic Revival architecture
Exotic Revival architecture is another style that may reflect a mix of Moorish Revival architecture, Egyptian Revival architectureEgyptian Revival architecture
Egyptian Revival is an architectural style that uses the motifs and imagery of ancient Egypt. It is attributed generally to the public awareness of ancient Egyptian monuments generated by Napoleon's conquest of Egypt and Admiral Nelson's defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of the Nile during 1798....
, and other influences. Just a few of many National Register-listed places identified with this style are El Zaribah Shrine Auditorium
El Zaribah Shrine Auditorium
The Polly Rosenbaum Building, formerly the El Zaribah Shrine Auditorium, is a building in Phoenix, Arizona, at the corner of 15th Avenue and Washington Street, that was built in 1921...
, Odd Fellows Rest Cemetery
Odd Fellows Rest Cemetery
The Odd Fellows Rest Cemetery in New Orleans, Louisiana was founded in 1849. It includes Renaissance architecture and Exotic Revival architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, and the listing included one contributing building and one contributing site....
, Fort Smith Masonic Temple
Fort Smith Masonic Temple
The Fort Smith Masonic Temple is a building that includes Art Deco, Exotic Revival architecture, and Egyptian Revival architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992....
, and Algeria Shrine Temple
Algeria Shrine Temple
The Algeria Shrine Temple is an Moorish Revival building in Helena, Montana that was built in 1919. The building served as a meeting hall for the Algeria Shriners and had civic functions. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988....
.
Greek Revival
Greek Revival architectureGreek Revival architecture
The Greek Revival was an architectural movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, predominantly in Northern Europe and the United States. A product of Hellenism, it may be looked upon as the last phase in the development of Neoclassical architecture...
is a general term. It emerged following the War of 1812
War of 1812
The War of 1812 was a military conflict fought between the forces of the United States of America and those of the British Empire. The Americans declared war in 1812 for several reasons, including trade restrictions because of Britain's ongoing war with France, impressment of American merchant...
and while a revolutionary war in Greece attracted America's interest. It was perhaps the first architectural fashion movement in the United States which was meant to explicitly reject previous English traditions such as Adamesque style. Greek Revival architecture was popularized by Minard Lafever
Minard Lafever
Minard Lafever was an influential American architect of churches and houses in the United States in the early nineteenth century.-Life and career:...
's pattern books: The Young Builders' General Instructor in 1829, the Modern Builders' Guide in 1833, The Beauties of Modern Architecture in 1835, and The Architectural Instructor in 1850.
Greek Revival includes high-style and more vernacular versions such as the 1839 Simsbury Townhouse
Simsbury Townhouse
The Simsbury Townhouse, also known as Boy Scout Hall, was built in 1839. It historically served as a city hall. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993....
built by an unknown craftsman.
Palladian Revival architecture
Egyptian Revival architecture
Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals
- Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals architecture redirects to here
It is a grouping of architectural styles that has been applied as a term by the U.S. National Register of Historic Places
National Register of Historic Places
The National Register of Historic Places is the United States government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation...
in hundreds of listings. There are many buildings designed in an amalgam of revival styles that defy simpler classification (e.g. simply as Egyptian Revival architecture
Egyptian Revival architecture
Egyptian Revival is an architectural style that uses the motifs and imagery of ancient Egypt. It is attributed generally to the public awareness of ancient Egyptian monuments generated by Napoleon's conquest of Egypt and Admiral Nelson's defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of the Nile during 1798....
) because they are a mix of styles.
Mid 19th Century Revival
- Mid 19th Century Revivals architecture redirects to here
Mission/Spanish Revival
- Mission/Spanish Revival architecture redirects to here
Mission/Spanish Revival is an amalgam of two distinct styles popular in different eras, the first - Mission Revival architecture and the second - Spanish Colonial Revival architecture. The combined term, as well as the individual terms, is often used in classification of buildings listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places
National Register of Historic Places
The National Register of Historic Places is the United States government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation...
.
Late 19th and Early 20th Century American Movements
- Late 19th and Early 20th Century American Movements architecture redirects to here
"American Movements" is a phrase used also in visual arts of the United States
Visual arts of the United States
American art encompasses the history of painting and visual art in the United States. In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, artists primarily painted landscapes and portraits in a realistic style. A parallel development taking shape in rural America was the American craft movement,...
to refer to U.S.-centered or -originated movements such as Pop Art, and such as in the art of Edward Hopper
Edward Hopper
Edward Hopper was a prominent American realist painter and printmaker. While most popularly known for his oil paintings, he was equally proficient as a watercolorist and printmaker in etching...
and Norman Rockwell
Norman Rockwell
Norman Percevel Rockwell was a 20th-century American painter and illustrator. His works enjoy a broad popular appeal in the United States for their reflection of American culture. Rockwell is most famous for the cover illustrations of everyday life scenarios he created for The Saturday Evening...
. (Note: Hopper and Rockwell themselves portrayed various architectural styles in their paintings of small-town and urban America.)
Bungalow/Craftsman
- Bungalow/Craftsman architecture redirects to here
Bungalow/Craftsman is a term commonly appearing in National Register listings, which reflects American Craftsman
American Craftsman
The American Craftsman Style, or the American Arts and Crafts Movement, is an American domestic architectural, interior design, landscape design, applied arts, and decorative arts style and lifestyle philosophy that began in the last years of the 19th century. As a comprehensive design and art...
styling and Bungalow
Bungalow
A bungalow is a type of house, with varying meanings across the world. Common features to many of these definitions include being detached, low-rise , and the use of verandahs...
building type. Craftsman style, depending on one's definition, may apply only to decorative arts of furniture and other objects while not to building architecture. Nonetheless, many thousands of craftsman-styled California Bungalow
California Bungalow
California bungalows, known as Californian bungalows in Australia and are commonly called simply bungalows in America, are a form of residential structure that were widely popular across America and, to some extent, the world around the years 1910 to 1939.-Exterior features:Bungalows are 1 or 1½...
houses nation-wide have been built. When listed on the National Register, they usually receive the "Bungalow/Craftsman" classification.
Early Commercial
- Early Commercial architecture redirects to here
There are many hundreds of National Register-listed buildings of this type.
It may be a subtype of Commercial style, i.e. it may be a predecessor of the full Chicago school style
Chicago school (architecture)
Chicago's architecture is famous throughout the world and one style is referred to as the Chicago School. The style is also known as Commercial style. In the history of architecture, the Chicago School was a school of architects active in Chicago at the turn of the 20th century...
architecture.
Plains Commercial
- Plains Commercial architecture and Plains Commercial Style redirect to here
Plains Commercial is another variant of Commercial style. See also Commercial Style.
Octagon Mode
"Octagon Mode" architecture refers to Octagon houses built in a particular style. The term is used in at least 49 NRHP listings.Postmedieval English
"Postmedieval English" architecture is a style term used for a number of NRHP listings, including William Ward Jr. HouseWilliam Ward Jr. House
The William Ward Jr. House is a property in Middlefield, Connecticut that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. The house has a long, sloping roof with cantilevered girts....
in Middlefield, Connecticut.
Complete list of 40 NRIS codings
The complete list of architectural style codes in NRIS is as follows:
Obs ARSTYLCD ARSTYL
1 01 NO STYLE LISTED
2 10 COLONIAL
3 11 GEORGIAN
4 20 EARLY REPUBLIC
5 21 FEDERAL
6 30 MID 19TH CENTURY REVIVAL
7 31 GREEK REVIVAL
8 32 GOTHIC REVIVAL
9 33 ITALIAN VILLA
10 34 EXOTIC REVIVAL
11 40 LATE VICTORIAN
12 41 GOTHIC
13 42 ITALIANATE
14 43 SECOND EMPIRE
15 44 STICK/EASTLAKE
16 45 QUEEN ANNE
17 46 SHINGLE STYLE
18 47 ROMANESQUE
19 48 RENAISSANCE
20 49 OCTAGON MODE
21 50 LATE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURY REVIVALS
22 51 COLONIAL REVIVAL
23 52 CLASSICAL REVIVAL
24 53 TUDOR REVIVAL
25 54 LATE GOTHIC REVIVAL
26 55 MISSION/SPANISH REVIVAL
27 56 BEAUX ARTS
28 57 PUEBLO
29 60 LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURY AMERICAN MOVEMENTS
30 61 PRAIRIE SCHOOL
31 62 EARLY COMMERCIAL
32 63 CHICAGO
33 64 SKYSCRAPER
34 65 BUNGALOW/CRAFTSMAN
35 70 MODERN MOVEMENT
36 71 MODERNE
37 72 INTERNATIONAL STYLE
38 73 ART DECO
39 80 OTHER
40 90 MIXED (MORE THAN 2 STYLES FROM DIFFERENT PERIODS)