Anisomorpha buprestoides
Encyclopedia
Anisomorpha buprestoides (Southern Two-Striped Walkingstick, Devil Rider, or Musk Mare) is a stick insect (Order Phasmatodea: otherwise known as "phasmids" or walkingsticks) which occurs throughout the southeastern United States
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and Jerrold Meinwald (two scientists at Cornell University who helped found the field of chemical ecology). They found the chemical defense spray of this species was found at the time to contain predominantly a cyclopentanyl monoterpene dialdehyde compound which they called "anisomorphal".
of the brown form have been shown to produce predominantly varying mixtures of anisomorphal and dolichodial (another stereoisomer of anisomorphal) with peruphasmal remaining a trace component until they are sexually mature. Additionally, the chemical defense of this species, as well as that of other phasmids, has been found to contain glucose, which may be involved in the later stages of its biosynthetic pathway similar to pathways shown for some leaf beetle
s (family Chrysomelidae). The white color form was featured on the cover of the March issue of Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 2009. The orange color form was also featured on the cover of the issues of the Journal of Natural Products
from July through December, 2011.
Southeastern United States
The Southeastern United States, colloquially referred to as the Southeast, is the eastern portion of the Southern United States. It is one of the most populous regions in the United States of America....
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Defense
This species, and another in the same genus (Anisomorpha ferruginea, whose range is more west and north, but may overlap with A. buprestoides) is particularly well known for its very potent chemical defense spray which it deploys from a pair of glands which open at the front of its thorax. The "Devil rider" name for this insect likely comes from this defense, as well as the fact that they are most frequently encountered in the late summer and fall when they are active adults at a time when almost all of them are found in mating pairs, with the smaller male riding on the back of the larger female. The chemical defense of this species was first studied by Thomas EisnerThomas Eisner
Thomas Eisner was a German-American entomologist and ecologist, known as the "father of chemical ecology."He was a Jacob Gould Schurman Professor of Chemical Ecology at Cornell University, and Director of the Cornell Institute for Research in Chemical Ecology...
and Jerrold Meinwald (two scientists at Cornell University who helped found the field of chemical ecology). They found the chemical defense spray of this species was found at the time to contain predominantly a cyclopentanyl monoterpene dialdehyde compound which they called "anisomorphal".
Color morphs
This insect comes in at least three regionally specific color forms: a "brown form" which is predominantly dark brown with light brown stripes, a "white form" that is jet black with bright white stripes and an "orange form". The white and orange forms are only known to occur in relatively small specific areas of Florida. All three color forms each have unique behaviors of aggregation, diurnal activity cycles and egg laying which conform to the ecological conditions in which they are found. They have also been determined to produce somewhat unique chemical defense cocktails (at least as adults) – with the white and orange forms producing primarily "anisomorphal" and the brown form producing either anisomorphal or peruphasmal (a stereoisomer of anisomorphal), depending on the population sampled. NymphsNymph (biology)
In biology, a nymph is the immature form of some invertebrates, particularly insects, which undergoes gradual metamorphosis before reaching its adult stage. Unlike a typical larva, a nymph's overall form already resembles that of the adult. In addition, while a nymph moults it never enters a...
of the brown form have been shown to produce predominantly varying mixtures of anisomorphal and dolichodial (another stereoisomer of anisomorphal) with peruphasmal remaining a trace component until they are sexually mature. Additionally, the chemical defense of this species, as well as that of other phasmids, has been found to contain glucose, which may be involved in the later stages of its biosynthetic pathway similar to pathways shown for some leaf beetle
Leaf beetle
Beetles in the family Chrysomelidae are commonly known as leaf beetles. This is a family of over 35,000 species in more than 2,500 genera, one of the largest and most commonly encountered of all beetle families....
s (family Chrysomelidae). The white color form was featured on the cover of the March issue of Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 2009. The orange color form was also featured on the cover of the issues of the Journal of Natural Products
Journal of Natural Products
The Journal of Natural Products is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, co-published by the American Society of Pharmacognosy and the American Chemical Society.. The editor in chief is A. Douglas Kinghorn .- History :...
from July through December, 2011.