Adventure park
Encyclopedia
While a ropes course
(challenge course) is often a challenging outdoor personal development and team-building activity, an Adventure Park or “European-Style” Adventure Park has a more recreational purpose.
Recreational-oriented Adventure Parks are usually designed for a larger volume of visitors. They do not follow a specific educational concept, but see the individual, physical and mental challenge as a predominantly recreational activity. Neither climbing techniques nor special/specific physical fitness experience are necessary. Typical slogans are: Have fun, Test your Courage, Overcome your Own Fears, etc.
In an Adventure Park, the participants independently run a variety of trails of increasing difficulty levels. Each trail consists of several poles or trees that are connected by different acrobatic elements. For the safety of the participants, a belay system is required for the high elements/trails.
In the mid-1960s, ropes courses became a central component of outdoor seminars in the United States.
In recent years, specifically recreation-oriented Adventure Parks were developed. The market has boomed especially in Europe.
is often a challenging outdoor personal development and team-building activity with a relatively low number of participants. Some parks offer both - a recreational section and a team building section.
A canopy tour
is a specific type of ziplining where a person is harnessed to a steel cable and propelled by gravity from platform to platform high up in the trees of a thick forest canopy. Although they date back far into history for civil and even scientific uses, they are now used for recreation and fun and have created a new activity for the tourism industry.
Forest Adventure Parks are very popular. They take advantage of the beauty of a forest, of the trees (no investment in masts) and offer an outdoor activity surrounded by nature. Not only do they offer an adventure “high” in a forest, but also the benefit for customers of experiencing the spectacular natural beauty of trees, hills, cliffs and/or rivers.
Depending on how they are used and where they are located, parks on masts are an excellent alternative. They offer complete freedom in terms of park design and location but, at the same time, require higher investment (in the masts). The heat of the summer can be a challenge. A mix of masts/trees at the edge of a forest has the potential to work well.
Indoor parks have the great advantage of being an “all year round” operation but with the corresponding weakness of that strength at times when fine weather encourages outdoor activities. These trails are often built on a modular metallic structure. New parks on wood masts have shown that an indoor park can also provide a good experience.
Adventure Parks can be found in a multitude of places/locations. Examples of trends:
Large Adventure Parks usually have several trails of increasing difficulty levels and can reach up to 10 trails. With 10 to 20 acrobatic elements per trail, the park can easily reach up to 200 elements (it is usually between 40 and 200 elements).
The majority of trails are for everyone from the age of 7 years old (sometimes 10). The difficulty level starts at a low level or “green trail” and progresses to a very challenging level or “black trail”. Specific trails for kids from 4 years are very popular with families and provide a boost to the business (up to 20-30% more clients). Sometimes there are specific trails for the disabled.
Most kids love Adventure Parks. In a park they can act independently, try and fail and try again, and overcome their own fears without any risk (a continuous belay system is strongly recommended). Thanks the variety of levels, each time they can push their own boundaries and reach their own challenges. This is a perfect outdoor activity (with individual, physical and mental challenges) to learn through play.
The acrobatic elements are artificial obstacles (exercises) made from ropes, nets and wood in various forms, and which are installed at different heights in trees. The clever arrangement of such obstacles encourages many basic forms of movement such as climbing, hand over hand, balancing, holding, slipping and sliding. A good mix of elements and zip-line
s increases the diversity and interest of parks – People love zip-lines.
There are two approaches to how to structure a park: (1) the so-called “French approach” where you move from one trail to the next one, like setting out on a trip and coming back to the start or (2) more the “Swiss approach” with one common starting point (often a platform) where you can choose which trail you want first (for example depending on how busy the trails are).
Concerning the safety, traditionally a self-safety system is used where participants take responsibility for themselves. Before starting, the participants receive special training in how to use the safety equipment and then run the various trails independently. The emergence of new technologies has drastically increased the level of safety and opened new business opportunities.
In forest parks, there is a particular focus on tree-friendly installation. In most cases, the platforms are held to the trees through the principle of friction. When the exercise elements are mounted the trees are protected by coats of wood or rubber to prevent rubbing from the ropes.
There are distinctions between the following main four belay systems:
The traditional self-belay system basically consists of two carabiners operated by the participants. The participants successively unlock/lock the connection of the carabiners on each platform (zone of risk). Mishandling and removal of both carabineers at the same time will cause complete unlocking. This situation could mean a life-threatening risk and there have been instances of serious accidents and even terminal injuries.
New permanent belay systems were recently launched in order to significantly reduce the risk of accident. The two carabiners have a "communicating system” which avoids simultaneous opening of the carabiners and the complete unlocking from the cable. A permanent system with integrated rollers can even be found.
The continuous belay systems on rail offer a high level of safety but has limited application – it is mainly on masts with a heavy structure, for relatively short elements and it is expensive (and more common in the USA than in Europe).
With a continuous belay system on cable participants are continuously connected to the lifeline (cable) from the start to the finish without any possibility of becoming unlocked. At the start of the trail, the participants simply connect the lifeline into the belay device and they can run the whole trail – no specific further action is required. The belay device with its integrated trolley rolls on the cable and eases the passage on zip-lines.
The key challenges are manifold: attractive value proposition, pool of potential clients, safety level & risk management, needs of training & supervision and flexible operation.
In order to ensure a profitable and sustainable operation, meeting the last three challenges is essential. The new technologies in safety systems bring Adventure Parks into a new era by dramatically reducing the risk of accident (permanent and continuous systems) and reducing the needs of training and supervision (continuous systems).
The EN 15567-1 and -2 standards regulate the construction and operation of high ropes Courses / Adventure Parks. The various associations as ERCA and IAPA in Europe or ACCT and PRCA in the USA are acting towards professionalization of the industry.
Ropes course
A ropes course is a challenging outdoor personal development and team building activity which usually consists of high and/or low elements. Low elements take place on the ground or only a few feet above the ground...
(challenge course) is often a challenging outdoor personal development and team-building activity, an Adventure Park or “European-Style” Adventure Park has a more recreational purpose.
Recreational-oriented Adventure Parks are usually designed for a larger volume of visitors. They do not follow a specific educational concept, but see the individual, physical and mental challenge as a predominantly recreational activity. Neither climbing techniques nor special/specific physical fitness experience are necessary. Typical slogans are: Have fun, Test your Courage, Overcome your Own Fears, etc.
In an Adventure Park, the participants independently run a variety of trails of increasing difficulty levels. Each trail consists of several poles or trees that are connected by different acrobatic elements. For the safety of the participants, a belay system is required for the high elements/trails.
History
It is unclear where and when the first ropes course was created. A first ropes course was built in 1875 in France and functioned mainly as a physical challenge activity for the participants. During the Second World War ropes courses were used as obstacle courses for improving the physical fitness of the British military.In the mid-1960s, ropes courses became a central component of outdoor seminars in the United States.
In recent years, specifically recreation-oriented Adventure Parks were developed. The market has boomed especially in Europe.
Related Outdoor Activities
As already mentioned a ropes courseRopes course
A ropes course is a challenging outdoor personal development and team building activity which usually consists of high and/or low elements. Low elements take place on the ground or only a few feet above the ground...
is often a challenging outdoor personal development and team-building activity with a relatively low number of participants. Some parks offer both - a recreational section and a team building section.
A canopy tour
Canopy tour
A canopy tour is an established route through a wooded and often mountainous landscape making primary use of zip-lines and aerial bridges between platforms built in trees. Tourists are harnessed to a steel cable without interruption throughout the entire tour for safety...
is a specific type of ziplining where a person is harnessed to a steel cable and propelled by gravity from platform to platform high up in the trees of a thick forest canopy. Although they date back far into history for civil and even scientific uses, they are now used for recreation and fun and have created a new activity for the tourism industry.
Facts & Figures Adventure Parks
The category Adventure Parks can be broken down into a huge variety of specific types. They differ according to the following main criteria:- Life of the park: permanent / temporary
- Mobility of the park: stationary / mobile
- Height of the elements: high / low
- Structural System: masts / buildings / trees
- Belay system: self / permanent / continuous
- Locations: touristic / urban
Forest Adventure Parks are very popular. They take advantage of the beauty of a forest, of the trees (no investment in masts) and offer an outdoor activity surrounded by nature. Not only do they offer an adventure “high” in a forest, but also the benefit for customers of experiencing the spectacular natural beauty of trees, hills, cliffs and/or rivers.
Depending on how they are used and where they are located, parks on masts are an excellent alternative. They offer complete freedom in terms of park design and location but, at the same time, require higher investment (in the masts). The heat of the summer can be a challenge. A mix of masts/trees at the edge of a forest has the potential to work well.
Indoor parks have the great advantage of being an “all year round” operation but with the corresponding weakness of that strength at times when fine weather encourages outdoor activities. These trails are often built on a modular metallic structure. New parks on wood masts have shown that an indoor park can also provide a good experience.
Adventure Parks can be found in a multitude of places/locations. Examples of trends:
- Close to large tourist destinations
- In Ski Resorts as an attraction during summer months (a boom in Switzerland and several European countries)
- In Amusement Parks, Holiday Clubs/Villages, Hotel Club and Resorts, etc.
- Urban parks or close to conglomerations (e.g. the park in the center of Lyon, France)
- Close to a significant pool of potential customers, such as a large Shopping Mall, Zoo, Campsite, etc.
- Small (kids) parks for shopping malls (as indoor), city events, etc.
Large Adventure Parks usually have several trails of increasing difficulty levels and can reach up to 10 trails. With 10 to 20 acrobatic elements per trail, the park can easily reach up to 200 elements (it is usually between 40 and 200 elements).
The majority of trails are for everyone from the age of 7 years old (sometimes 10). The difficulty level starts at a low level or “green trail” and progresses to a very challenging level or “black trail”. Specific trails for kids from 4 years are very popular with families and provide a boost to the business (up to 20-30% more clients). Sometimes there are specific trails for the disabled.
Most kids love Adventure Parks. In a park they can act independently, try and fail and try again, and overcome their own fears without any risk (a continuous belay system is strongly recommended). Thanks the variety of levels, each time they can push their own boundaries and reach their own challenges. This is a perfect outdoor activity (with individual, physical and mental challenges) to learn through play.
The acrobatic elements are artificial obstacles (exercises) made from ropes, nets and wood in various forms, and which are installed at different heights in trees. The clever arrangement of such obstacles encourages many basic forms of movement such as climbing, hand over hand, balancing, holding, slipping and sliding. A good mix of elements and zip-line
Zip-line
A zip-line consists of a pulley suspended on a cable mounted on an incline...
s increases the diversity and interest of parks – People love zip-lines.
There are two approaches to how to structure a park: (1) the so-called “French approach” where you move from one trail to the next one, like setting out on a trip and coming back to the start or (2) more the “Swiss approach” with one common starting point (often a platform) where you can choose which trail you want first (for example depending on how busy the trails are).
Concerning the safety, traditionally a self-safety system is used where participants take responsibility for themselves. Before starting, the participants receive special training in how to use the safety equipment and then run the various trails independently. The emergence of new technologies has drastically increased the level of safety and opened new business opportunities.
In forest parks, there is a particular focus on tree-friendly installation. In most cases, the platforms are held to the trees through the principle of friction. When the exercise elements are mounted the trees are protected by coats of wood or rubber to prevent rubbing from the ropes.
Safety systems
The safety equipment for each participant basically consists of a harness, a lanyard and a belay system (another option would simply be a net under the trails – relatively expensive and with limited application). Sometimes helmets are also used.There are distinctions between the following main four belay systems:
- Self belay with carabiners
- Permanent belay with carabiners
- Continuous belay on rail
- Continuous belay on cable
The traditional self-belay system basically consists of two carabiners operated by the participants. The participants successively unlock/lock the connection of the carabiners on each platform (zone of risk). Mishandling and removal of both carabineers at the same time will cause complete unlocking. This situation could mean a life-threatening risk and there have been instances of serious accidents and even terminal injuries.
New permanent belay systems were recently launched in order to significantly reduce the risk of accident. The two carabiners have a "communicating system” which avoids simultaneous opening of the carabiners and the complete unlocking from the cable. A permanent system with integrated rollers can even be found.
The continuous belay systems on rail offer a high level of safety but has limited application – it is mainly on masts with a heavy structure, for relatively short elements and it is expensive (and more common in the USA than in Europe).
With a continuous belay system on cable participants are continuously connected to the lifeline (cable) from the start to the finish without any possibility of becoming unlocked. At the start of the trail, the participants simply connect the lifeline into the belay device and they can run the whole trail – no specific further action is required. The belay device with its integrated trolley rolls on the cable and eases the passage on zip-lines.
Adventure Parks Operation
Recreational-oriented Adventure Parks are usually designed for a larger volume of visitors: In Europe 10’000 to 60’000 or even more participants per season are common (usually April to October) and often with a high variation pattern (high attendance on weekends and during vacations).The key challenges are manifold: attractive value proposition, pool of potential clients, safety level & risk management, needs of training & supervision and flexible operation.
In order to ensure a profitable and sustainable operation, meeting the last three challenges is essential. The new technologies in safety systems bring Adventure Parks into a new era by dramatically reducing the risk of accident (permanent and continuous systems) and reducing the needs of training and supervision (continuous systems).
The EN 15567-1 and -2 standards regulate the construction and operation of high ropes Courses / Adventure Parks. The various associations as ERCA and IAPA in Europe or ACCT and PRCA in the USA are acting towards professionalization of the industry.