Adhemar Schwitzguébel
Encyclopedia
Adhémar Schwitzguébel was a Swiss
Anarchist
and theorist of collectivist anarchism
. He was a founder of the Jura Federation
and member of the First International.
and was later a member of his Alliance organization. After the failure of Paris Commune
, he went to Paris
to aid the flight of Communards by using his engravers skill to make fake passports for them. During the conflict between Marx
, and Bakunin, he worked with James Guillaume
and other anti-authoritarians in the Jura Federation
and wrote for their newspaper Bulletin de la Fédération jurassienne. After the exclusion of Bakunin and Guillaume and himself from the International at the 1872 Hague Congress, the Jura Federation was at the centre of the nascent anarchist movement. In 1872, St. Imier in the Swiss Jura became the venue of the first Anti-Authoritarian International Congress. After the dissolution of the Jura Federation, he moved to Biel and died at the age of 51 years of stomach cancer
.
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
Anarchist
Anarchism
Anarchism is generally defined as the political philosophy which holds the state to be undesirable, unnecessary, and harmful, or alternatively as opposing authority in the conduct of human relations...
and theorist of collectivist anarchism
Collectivist anarchism
Collectivist anarchism is a revolutionary doctrine that advocates the abolition of both the state and private ownership of the means of production...
. He was a founder of the Jura Federation
Jura federation
The Jura Federation was the federalist and anarchist section of the International Workingmen's Association , based largely among watch-makers in the Jura mountain range in Switzerland. The Jura federation was founded on October 9, 1870 at a meeting in Saint-Imier of local sections of the IWA...
and member of the First International.
Life
Adhemar Schwitzguébel was born in the Swiss Jura. His father was an engraver and took part in the political struggles of 1848. Adhémar Schwitzguébel learned the his father's trade and founded a section of the First International in Sonvilier, in March 1866. He got to know Mikhail BakuninMikhail Bakunin
Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin was a well-known Russian revolutionary and theorist of collectivist anarchism. He has also often been called the father of anarchist theory in general. Bakunin grew up near Moscow, where he moved to study philosophy and began to read the French Encyclopedists,...
and was later a member of his Alliance organization. After the failure of Paris Commune
Paris Commune
The Paris Commune was a government that briefly ruled Paris from March 18 to May 28, 1871. It existed before the split between anarchists and Marxists had taken place, and it is hailed by both groups as the first assumption of power by the working class during the Industrial Revolution...
, he went to Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
to aid the flight of Communards by using his engravers skill to make fake passports for them. During the conflict between Marx
Karl Marx
Karl Heinrich Marx was a German philosopher, economist, sociologist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. His ideas played a significant role in the development of social science and the socialist political movement...
, and Bakunin, he worked with James Guillaume
James Guillaume
James Guillaume was a leading member of the Jura federation of the First International, the anarchist wing of the International. Later, Guillaume would take an active role in the founding of the Anarchist St...
and other anti-authoritarians in the Jura Federation
Jura federation
The Jura Federation was the federalist and anarchist section of the International Workingmen's Association , based largely among watch-makers in the Jura mountain range in Switzerland. The Jura federation was founded on October 9, 1870 at a meeting in Saint-Imier of local sections of the IWA...
and wrote for their newspaper Bulletin de la Fédération jurassienne. After the exclusion of Bakunin and Guillaume and himself from the International at the 1872 Hague Congress, the Jura Federation was at the centre of the nascent anarchist movement. In 1872, St. Imier in the Swiss Jura became the venue of the first Anti-Authoritarian International Congress. After the dissolution of the Jura Federation, he moved to Biel and died at the age of 51 years of stomach cancer
Stomach cancer
Gastric cancer, commonly referred to as stomach cancer, can develop in any part of the stomach and may spread throughout the stomach and to other organs; particularly the esophagus, lungs, lymph nodes, and the liver...
.
Works
- Schwitzguébel, Adhemar:Quelques écrits. Paris 1906th Edited by James Guillaume. (of 1908)