Adele Diamond
Encyclopedia
Adele Diamond is one of the founders of the field of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
. She holds the Canada Research Chair Tier 1 Professorship in Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of British Columbia
(UBC), Vancouver. She is a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
.
She is one of the world's leading researchers on the development of the cognitive functions
(called “executive functions,” “self-regulation,” or “cognitive control”) that depend on prefrontal cortex
. Since 1980, she has studied these functions from their earliest beginnings in infancy, throughout the lifespan in clinical and “normal” populations. These abilities include inhibition (effortful or self-control), cognitive flexibility, working memory, directed attention, and reasoning. Her lab examines fundamental questions about the development, neuroanatomical and neurochemical bases, and genetic and environmental modulation of those abilities.
Her research on the genetic disorder
, PKU (phenylketonuria
), demonstrating selective deficits in these prefrontal cognitive abilities in PKU children who were supposedly well-treated, changed medical guidelines worldwide, changes that markedly improved children's lives.
Her 2005 paper on the fundamental neurobiological and clinical differences between the inattentive-type ADHD and those ADHD types in which hyperactivity is present resonated deeply with patients and clinicians. Many patients felt heard and understood for the first time. The number of websites devoted to ADHD of the inattentive type increased from four before her 2005 paper to several thousand by 2009.
Her recent research on the Tools of the Mind curriculum, including a paper in the journal, Science, is affecting education practices around the world. This research demonstrates:
Much of her work has started with a “YES, YOU CAN” premise: even though a child may appear incapable of doing or understanding something, if we pose the question differently or teach the concept in new ways, the child can succeed. Diamond illustrated this approach first with infants’ understanding of the concept of contiguity (Diamond & Gilbert, 1989; Diamond & Lee, 2000), then with their ability to grasp abstract concepts (Diamond et al., 1999; Diamond et al., 2003; Diamond, 2006), and next with children’s ability to succeed on a Stroop-like task requiring memory and inhibition (Diamond et al., 2002),
In dozens of recent talks and on the NPR show, Speaking of Faith with Krista Tippet, Adele Diamond points out there is a reason dance, play, storytelling, art, and music have been part of human life for tens of thousands of years and are found ubiquitously in every culture, that perhaps we have discarded the wisdoms of past generations too lightly. She has suggested that the dearth of these in many North American children’s experience today may be one reason children’s executive functions are worse now than in the past.
,
Neuroscience
Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system. Traditionally, neuroscience has been seen as a branch of biology. However, it is currently an interdisciplinary science that collaborates with other fields such as chemistry, computer science, engineering, linguistics, mathematics,...
. She holds the Canada Research Chair Tier 1 Professorship in Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of British Columbia
University of British Columbia
The University of British Columbia is a public research university. UBC’s two main campuses are situated in Vancouver and in Kelowna in the Okanagan Valley...
(UBC), Vancouver. She is a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Royal Society of Canada
The Royal Society of Canada , may also operate under the more descriptive name RSC: The Academies of Arts, Humanities and Sciences of Canada , is the oldest association of scientists and scholars in Canada...
.
She is one of the world's leading researchers on the development of the cognitive functions
Cognitive functions
In some forms of psychological testing, particularly those related to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, the cognitive functions are defined as different ways of perceiving and judging the world...
(called “executive functions,” “self-regulation,” or “cognitive control”) that depend on prefrontal cortex
Prefrontal cortex
The prefrontal cortex is the anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain, lying in front of the motor and premotor areas.This brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behaviors, personality expression, decision making and moderating correct social behavior...
. Since 1980, she has studied these functions from their earliest beginnings in infancy, throughout the lifespan in clinical and “normal” populations. These abilities include inhibition (effortful or self-control), cognitive flexibility, working memory, directed attention, and reasoning. Her lab examines fundamental questions about the development, neuroanatomical and neurochemical bases, and genetic and environmental modulation of those abilities.
Her research on the genetic disorder
Genetic disorder
A genetic disorder is an illness caused by abnormalities in genes or chromosomes, especially a condition that is present from before birth. Most genetic disorders are quite rare and affect one person in every several thousands or millions....
, PKU (phenylketonuria
Phenylketonuria
Phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive metabolic genetic disorder characterized by a mutation in the gene for the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase , rendering it nonfunctional. This enzyme is necessary to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine to the amino acid tyrosine...
), demonstrating selective deficits in these prefrontal cognitive abilities in PKU children who were supposedly well-treated, changed medical guidelines worldwide, changes that markedly improved children's lives.
Her 2005 paper on the fundamental neurobiological and clinical differences between the inattentive-type ADHD and those ADHD types in which hyperactivity is present resonated deeply with patients and clinicians. Many patients felt heard and understood for the first time. The number of websites devoted to ADHD of the inattentive type increased from four before her 2005 paper to several thousand by 2009.
Her recent research on the Tools of the Mind curriculum, including a paper in the journal, Science, is affecting education practices around the world. This research demonstrates:
- executive functions can be improved in regular classrooms by regular teachers without expensive high-tech equipment.
- play is an important part of improving executive functions and school achievement, rather than play taking time away from the important task of improving academic achievement.
- executive functions can be improved very early (in children only 4-5 years of age) - critical in heading off problems before they develop.
Much of her work has started with a “YES, YOU CAN” premise: even though a child may appear incapable of doing or understanding something, if we pose the question differently or teach the concept in new ways, the child can succeed. Diamond illustrated this approach first with infants’ understanding of the concept of contiguity (Diamond & Gilbert, 1989; Diamond & Lee, 2000), then with their ability to grasp abstract concepts (Diamond et al., 1999; Diamond et al., 2003; Diamond, 2006), and next with children’s ability to succeed on a Stroop-like task requiring memory and inhibition (Diamond et al., 2002),
In dozens of recent talks and on the NPR show, Speaking of Faith with Krista Tippet, Adele Diamond points out there is a reason dance, play, storytelling, art, and music have been part of human life for tens of thousands of years and are found ubiquitously in every culture, that perhaps we have discarded the wisdoms of past generations too lightly. She has suggested that the dearth of these in many North American children’s experience today may be one reason children’s executive functions are worse now than in the past.
External links
- Conference Organizer, Brain, Development and Learning 2010 Meeting
- "Can the Right Kinds of Play Teach Self-Control?" by Paul Tough (Sept 25, 2009) - Article in the New York Times newspaper about Adele Diamond's research.
- Canada Research Chairs: Adele Diamond
- Child and Family Research Institute: Adele Diamond
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, University of British Columbia
- Gruter Institute Squaw Valley Conference June 17-21, 1998
- Lessening PKU's Damaging Effects on Children
- Photograph of Dr. Diamond
- Scientific American - Frontier's Profile: Adele Diamond
- The Prefrontal Cortex: Executive and Cognitive Functions
- Speaking of Faith, "Learning, Doing, Being — A New Science of Education" - Radio interview of Adele Diamond on the National Public Radio (NPRNPRNPR, formerly National Public Radio, is a privately and publicly funded non-profit membership media organization that serves as a national syndicator to a network of 900 public radio stations in the United States. NPR was created in 1970, following congressional passage of the Public Broadcasting...
) program (Nov 19, 2009). - Vancouver Peace Summit 2009
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