20th Century Galicia
Encyclopedia
The period of Solidaridad Gallega ("Galician Solidarity"), the beginning of the modern Galician nationalist movement
, began in 1907 and ended around the First World War. Its unsuccessful aim was to create a unified electoral coalition to eliminate caciquism and obtain Galician representation in the Cortes Generales
, the parliament of Spain.
The first stage of 20th-century Galician history lasted until the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera. In this stage the Galician nationalist Irmandades da Fala
("Brothehoods of the Language") began to appear to promote the Galician language
. When they began to expand, the political idea of Galicianism
was popularized. Intellectuals such as Vicente Risco
and Ramón Otero Pedrayo travailed in the cultural aspect of galicianism and Porteira and Lois Peña Novo in the political galicianism. They were taken over by the members of the xeración Nós ("We" generation), united around a magazine of the same name (Nós). This members of the Xeneración Nós were supported between 1920 and the Spanish Second Republic by a preoccupation about the creation of a moderated galicianism.
and the Partido Galeguista
(Galicianist Party). This party, the PG, was a union of different ideologies with the common denominator of the Galicianism. Its members were people as Vicente Risco
, Ramón Otero Pedrayo, Ramón Cabanillas, Suárez Picallo, Castelao
... In 1936 the PG, to get the Galician Statute, allied with the People's Front
, and as a result of this alliance the party had its first splitting. Nevertheless, the Statute was got and Castelao presented it in the Spanish Parliament a few days before the Spanish Civil War
.
"Lond night of stone", they were different repressive stages to the galicianist ideas, after the armoured fight of many galicianist people against Franco in the Spanish Civil War
.
In the exile, was approved the Galician Statute by the Spanish Parliament in the exile, and in Buenos Aires
it was established the Council of Galicia, directed by Castelao
and Suárez Picallo. In 1944 was published Sempre en Galiza (Always in Galicia), ideologic guide of the galicianism. With the pass of the time, the cultural actions were restarted, with the creation of the Editorial Galaxia.
In 1964 the Galician People's Union
(Unión do Povo Galego, UPG), a nationalist revolutionary left-wing party, as was described by Méndez Ferrín) and the Galician Socialist Party (PSG, with X.M.Beiras and García Bodaño) was formed.
Galician nationalism
Galician nationalism is a political movement arguing for the recognition of Galicia as a nation. The political movement referred to as modern Galician nationalism was born at the beginning of the twentieth century from the idea of Galicianism.- Ideology :...
, began in 1907 and ended around the First World War. Its unsuccessful aim was to create a unified electoral coalition to eliminate caciquism and obtain Galician representation in the Cortes Generales
Cortes Generales
The Cortes Generales is the legislature of Spain. It is a bicameral parliament, composed of the Congress of Deputies and the Senate . The Cortes has power to enact any law and to amend the constitution...
, the parliament of Spain.
The first stage of 20th-century Galician history lasted until the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera. In this stage the Galician nationalist Irmandades da Fala
Irmandades da Fala
The Irmandades da Fala was a Galician nationalist organization active between 1916 and 1936.It was the first political organization of Galicia that only used the Galician language.-Origin:...
("Brothehoods of the Language") began to appear to promote the Galician language
Galician language
Galician is a language of the Western Ibero-Romance branch, spoken in Galicia, an autonomous community located in northwestern Spain, where it is co-official with Castilian Spanish, as well as in border zones of the neighbouring territories of Asturias and Castile and León.Modern Galician and...
. When they began to expand, the political idea of Galicianism
Galicianism (Galicia)
Galicianism is a political ideology of nationalist character whose objective is the defence of Galicia and its culture by the means of the establishment and strengthening of its own institutions.-Origins:...
was popularized. Intellectuals such as Vicente Risco
Vicente Risco
Vicente Martínez Risco Agüero was a Galician intellectual of the 20th Century. He was a founder member of Xeración Nós, and among the most important figures in the history of Galician literature. He is well regarded for his writings on Galician nationalism, as well as a contributor to the Galician...
and Ramón Otero Pedrayo travailed in the cultural aspect of galicianism and Porteira and Lois Peña Novo in the political galicianism. They were taken over by the members of the xeración Nós ("We" generation), united around a magazine of the same name (Nós). This members of the Xeneración Nós were supported between 1920 and the Spanish Second Republic by a preoccupation about the creation of a moderated galicianism.
Second Republic
In the Second Republic there were two principal groups: the Autonomous Galician Republican OrganizationAutonomous Galician Republican Organization
The Autonomous Galician Republican Organization was a Spanish left-wing republican and Galician nationalist party in Galicia. It was founded in October 1929 in La Coruña by Santiago Casares Quiroga and Antón Vilar Ponte with the participation of the Irmandades da Fala.In March 1930, it organized...
and the Partido Galeguista
Partido Galeguista
Partido Galeguista may refer to:*Partido Galeguista , directed by Castelao and Alexandre Bóveda*Partido Galeguista...
(Galicianist Party). This party, the PG, was a union of different ideologies with the common denominator of the Galicianism. Its members were people as Vicente Risco
Vicente Risco
Vicente Martínez Risco Agüero was a Galician intellectual of the 20th Century. He was a founder member of Xeración Nós, and among the most important figures in the history of Galician literature. He is well regarded for his writings on Galician nationalism, as well as a contributor to the Galician...
, Ramón Otero Pedrayo, Ramón Cabanillas, Suárez Picallo, Castelao
Castelão
There are two association football stadiums nicknamed Castelão:*Castelão , located in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil*Castelão , located in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil-Other:...
... In 1936 the PG, to get the Galician Statute, allied with the People's Front
Popular Front (Spain)
The Popular Front in Spain's Second Republic was an electoral coalition and pact signed in January 1936 by various left-wing political organisations, instigated by Manuel Azaña for the purpose of contesting that year's election....
, and as a result of this alliance the party had its first splitting. Nevertheless, the Statute was got and Castelao presented it in the Spanish Parliament a few days before the Spanish Civil War
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil WarAlso known as The Crusade among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War among Carlists, and The Rebellion or Uprising among Republicans. was a major conflict fought in Spain from 17 July 1936 to 1 April 1939...
.
Franco's dictatorship
During the Franco's dictatorship, called by Celso Emilio FerreiroCelso Emilio Ferreiro
Celso Emilio Ferreiro Mínguez , born in Celanova, Galicia, was a Galicianist activist, writer, and political journalist.-Early years:...
"Lond night of stone", they were different repressive stages to the galicianist ideas, after the armoured fight of many galicianist people against Franco in the Spanish Civil War
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil WarAlso known as The Crusade among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War among Carlists, and The Rebellion or Uprising among Republicans. was a major conflict fought in Spain from 17 July 1936 to 1 April 1939...
.
In the exile, was approved the Galician Statute by the Spanish Parliament in the exile, and in Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires is the capital and largest city of Argentina, and the second-largest metropolitan area in South America, after São Paulo. It is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent...
it was established the Council of Galicia, directed by Castelao
Castelão
There are two association football stadiums nicknamed Castelão:*Castelão , located in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil*Castelão , located in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil-Other:...
and Suárez Picallo. In 1944 was published Sempre en Galiza (Always in Galicia), ideologic guide of the galicianism. With the pass of the time, the cultural actions were restarted, with the creation of the Editorial Galaxia.
In 1964 the Galician People's Union
Galician People's Union
The Galician People's Union is a Galician nationalist and communist political party, and is one of the registered political parties of Spain.It was founded in 1964 with the intention of the independence of Galicia and its transformation into a socialist state. It caused the creation of nationalist...
(Unión do Povo Galego, UPG), a nationalist revolutionary left-wing party, as was described by Méndez Ferrín) and the Galician Socialist Party (PSG, with X.M.Beiras and García Bodaño) was formed.
Democracy
| 1975 | Establishment of the `Xunta Democrática de Galicia |
| 1976 | Establishment of the Democratic Table of Galicia |
| 1977 | Establishment of the Assembly of the Parliamentaries of Galicia |
| 1978 | Pre-autonomic Xunta presided by Antonio Rosón Pérez (Union of Democratic Center Union of Democratic Center *Union of the Democratic Centre , a centrist party in Argentina*Union of the Democratic Centre , a former liberal party in Greece*Union of the Democratic Centre , a former centrist party in Spain... ) |
| 1979 | Pre-autonomic Xunta presided by José Quiroga Suárez (Union of Democratic Center Union of Democratic Center *Union of the Democratic Centre , a centrist party in Argentina*Union of the Democratic Centre , a former liberal party in Greece*Union of the Democratic Centre , a former centrist party in Spain... ) |
| 1980 | Statute of Autonomy of Galicia approved by referendum. Galicia is define as an Historical nationality. |
| 1981 | First Autonomic Elections |
| 1982 | President of the Xunta de Galicia Xunta de Galicia The Xunta de Galicia is the collective decision-making body of the government of the autonomous community of Galicia, composed of the President, the Vice-President and the specialized ministers .... : Xerardo Fernández Albor Xerardo Fernández Albor Xerardo Fernández Albor was president of the Spanish autonomous community of Galicia. He lost a motion of no confidence in 1987.-References:... (People's Alliance People's Alliance People's Alliance may refer to:*The People's Alliance , Belgian political party which split in 2001 into the Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie and Spirit... ) |
| 1987 | President of the Xunta de Galicia: Fernando González Laxe (Socialist Party of Galicia Socialist Party of Galicia The Socialist Party of Galicia is a centre-left political party in Galicia, Spain. It is the Galician affiliate of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party . It defines itself as a Galicianist and social democratic party.-External links:Official*... ) |
| 1990 | President of the Xunta de Galicia: Manuel Fraga Iribarne Manuel Fraga Iribarne Manuel Fraga Iribarne is a Spanish People's Party politician. Fraga's career as one of the key political figures in Spain straddles both General Francisco Franco's dictatorial regime and the subsequent transition to democracy. He served as the President of the Xunta of Galicia from 1990 to 2005... (People´s Party of Galicia) |
| 2005 | President of the Xunta de Galicia: Emilio Pérez Touriño Emilio Pérez Touriño Emilio Pérez Touriño is a Spanish politician and economist. He is the former secretary general of the Socialist Party of Galicia and, from August 2005 to March 2009, former president of the autonomous community of Galicia . Namely, he was president of the executive branch, the Xunta de Galicia... (Socialist Party of Galicia Socialist Party of Galicia The Socialist Party of Galicia is a centre-left political party in Galicia, Spain. It is the Galician affiliate of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party . It defines itself as a Galicianist and social democratic party.-External links:Official*... ) |