2008 World Touring Car Championship season
Encyclopedia
The 2008 World Touring Car Championship season was the fifth World Touring Car Championship
World Touring Car Championship
For the video game, known as World Touring Car Championship in Japan, see TOCA World Touring CarsThe FIA World Touring Car Championship is an international Touring Car championship sanctioned by the FIA.-History:...

 season, the fourth since its 2005 return. It began on March 2, and ended on November 16, after twenty-four races. The championship, which was open to Super 2000 Cars
Super 2000
Super 2000, also known as S2000, is an FIA specification and classification for production based race cars. The specification is split to cover both rally and touring car racing. Super 2000 rally cars are also permitted to compete in Super 2000 World Rally Championship events...

 and Diesel 2000
Diesel 2000
Diesel 2000 is an FIA circuit racing classification for modified production based touring cars using turbodiesel engines.Like its counterpart, Super 2000, the category is open to large-scale series production touring cars modified by a kit. Cars must have at least four seats and at least 2500 fully...

 Cars, was composed of the FIA World Touring Car Championship for Drivers and the FIA World Touring Car Championship for Manufacturers .

Frenchman Yvan Muller
Yvan Muller
Yvan Muller is a French auto racing driver most noted for success in touring car racing. He is a two-time and the reigning World Touring Car Champion.-Single-seaters:...

 won the Drivers title by 26 points from SEAT
SEAT
SEAT, S.A. is a Spanish automobile manufacturer founded on May 9, 1950 by the Instituto Nacional de Industria , a state-owned industrial holding company....

 team-mate Gabriele Tarquini
Gabriele Tarquini
Gabriele Tarquini is a racing driver from Italy. He participated in 78 Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on May 3, 1987. He scored 1 championship point, and holds the record for the most failed attempts to qualify...

, with Chevrolet
Chevrolet
Chevrolet , also known as Chevy , is a brand of vehicle produced by General Motors Company . Founded by Louis Chevrolet and ousted GM founder William C. Durant on November 3, 1911, General Motors acquired Chevrolet in 1918...

's Robert Huff
Rob Huff
Robert "Rob" Peter Huff is a British racing driver. He currently competes in the World Touring Car Championship for the Chevrolet team, driving the Chevrolet Cruze.-Early years:...

 finishing third just a point behind Tarquini. The Manufacturers Championship was awarded to SEAT.

Entry List

The full season entry list.
EWLINE
Team Car No. Drivers Class Rounds
BMW Team UK
Racing Bart Mampaey
Racing Bart Mampaey is a racing team based in Mechelen, Belgium that runs the BMW Team RBM operation in the World Touring Car Championship.-History:...

BMW 320si
BMW E90
The saloon model was the first model sold of the 5th generation BMW 3 series. Debuting in the US in 2006, the E90 came in two trims, the 325i/xi and 330i/xi models...

1   Andy Priaulx
Andy Priaulx
Andrew Graham Priaulx, MBE is a British racing driver from Guernsey. He is a European Touring Car Championship champion, three times World Touring Car Championship champion and the only FIA Touring Car champion to win an International level championship for four consecutive years...

All
  BMW Team Germany
Schnitzer Motorsport
Schnitzer Motorsport is a motorsport team based in Freilassing near Munich, Germany. From the early days of its establishment, the team has operated an automobile racing squad for BMW, and has remarkable results in touring car and sports car racing scenes....

BMW 320si
BMW E90
The saloon model was the first model sold of the 5th generation BMW 3 series. Debuting in the US in 2006, the E90 came in two trims, the 325i/xi and 330i/xi models...

2   Jörg Müller
Jörg Müller
Jörg Müller is a Dutch-born German race driver.- Racing career :In 1989 Müller won the titles in German Formula Opel Lotus Challenge and in European Formula Ford 1600....

All
3   Augusto Farfus Jr.
Augusto Farfus
Augusto Farfus Jr. is a Brazilian auto racing driver. He presently lives in Monaco.- Early years :Farfus first tasted racing in minibike races and won the local championships in 1991....

All
  BMW Team Italy-Spain
ROAL Motorsport
ROAL Motorsport is an Italian auto racing team, which operated the BMW Team Italy-Spain team in the World Touring Car Championship...

BMW 320si
BMW E90
The saloon model was the first model sold of the 5th generation BMW 3 series. Debuting in the US in 2006, the E90 came in two trims, the 325i/xi and 330i/xi models...

4   Alessandro Zanardi
Alex Zanardi
Alessandro "Alex" Zanardi is an Italian racing driver and paracyclist.He won two CART championship titles in North America during the late 1990s. He also had a less successful career as a Formula One driver...

All
5   Félix Porteiro
Felix Porteiro
Félix Porteiro is a Spanish racing driver.-Single-seaters:In 2001 Porteiro drove in the Spanish Formula Three Championship, finishing fourth in the standings, with one win. In 2002 he began racing in the World Series by Nissan. He finished 18th in the standings in 2002, 14th in 2003 and seventh in...

All
  Chevrolet Chevrolet Lacetti 6   Nicola Larini
Nicola Larini
Nicola Larini is a racing driver from Italy. He participated in 75 Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on September 6, 1987. He finished second in the tragic 1994 San Marino Grand Prix on a substitute outing for Ferrari, but only scored points once more in his career...

All
7   Robert Huff
Rob Huff
Robert "Rob" Peter Huff is a British racing driver. He currently competes in the World Touring Car Championship for the Chevrolet team, driving the Chevrolet Cruze.-Early years:...

All
8   Alain Menu
Alain Menu
Alain Menu is a Swiss racing driver. He was one of the most successful touring car drivers of the 1990s, winning the prestigious British Touring Car Championship twice . He currently races for Chevrolet in the World Touring Car Championship.- BTCC :He is the son of a farmer...

All
80   Manabu Orido
Manabu Orido
is a Japanese racing driver who currently competes in the Super GT series for Toyota Team Tsuchiya in a Lexus SC 430 sponsored by Eclipse and AdvanOrido began his racing career as a street racer and then progressed to touge racing...

10-12
  SEAT Sport
SEAT Sport
SEAT Sport is the motorsport division of the Spanish automobile manufacturer SEAT, founded in 1985 , succeeding the 'SEAT Special Vehicles department' which had been formed in 1971 with the mission to enforce the brand's participation in rally championships, followed by 11 titles between 1979 and...

SEAT León TDI
SEAT León
The SEAT León is a small family car built by the Spanish car manufacturer, and Volkswagen Group subsidiary SEAT, S.A. since October 1998.The two León generations are, or have been built upon two differing variants of the Volkswagen Group A platform, and they also share many other components with...

9   Jordi Gené
Jordi Gené
Jordi Gené Guerrero is a racing driver, who competed in the WTCC driving for SR-Sport in the 2010 WTCC season...

All
10   Rickard Rydell
Rickard Rydell
Rickard Rydell is a Swedish racing driver. He won the 1998 British Touring Car Championship, the 2011 Scandinavian Touring Car Championship, and has also been a frontrunner in the European/World Touring Car Championship.-Early career:In the early 1990s, Rydell raced in various Formula Three series...

All
11   Gabriele Tarquini
Gabriele Tarquini
Gabriele Tarquini is a racing driver from Italy. He participated in 78 Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on May 3, 1987. He scored 1 championship point, and holds the record for the most failed attempts to qualify...

All
12   Yvan Muller
Yvan Muller
Yvan Muller is a French auto racing driver most noted for success in touring car racing. He is a two-time and the reigning World Touring Car Champion.-Single-seaters:...

All
18   Tiago Monteiro
Tiago Monteiro
Tiago Vagaroso da Costa Monteiro is a Portuguese racing driver. He drove for Jordan, Midland and Spyker MF1 teams—all different iterations of the same team as it was bought by new owners during a two year stint as part of the Formula One paddock...

All
SEAT León TFSI
SEAT León
The SEAT León is a small family car built by the Spanish car manufacturer, and Volkswagen Group subsidiary SEAT, S.A. since October 1998.The two León generations are, or have been built upon two differing variants of the Volkswagen Group A platform, and they also share many other components with...

21   José Manuel Pérez-Aicart
José Manuel Pérez-Aicart
José Manuel Pérez-Aicart is a Spanish auto racing driver.-Single-seaters:Pérez-Aicart finished third in the 2001 Spanish Formula Three Championship. He then competed in the Formula Nissan 2000 series in 2002, finishing fourth...

3
  Borusan Otomotiv Motorsport
Borusan Otomotiv Motorsport
Borusan Otomotiv Motorsport is a Turkish motor racing team that has competed in the World Touring Car Championship.The team was founded in 2008 to compete in the World Touring Car Championship with driver and team principal Ibrahim Okyay. A second car for Aytac Biter was added during the season....

BMW 320si
BMW E90
The saloon model was the first model sold of the 5th generation BMW 3 series. Debuting in the US in 2006, the E90 came in two trims, the 325i/xi and 330i/xi models...

13   Ibrahim Okyay
Ibrahim Okyay
Ibrahim Okyay is a Turkish auto racing driver. He is best known for competing in the FIA World Touring Car Championship.Okyay first entered the WTCC in 2006. He competed in just two races at his home circuit of Istanbul Park, driving an independent BMW 320i ran by Kosifler Motorsport...

I All
62   Aytaç Biter
Aytaç Biter
Aytaç Biter is a Turkish auto racing driver. In 2008 he competed in four rounds of the FIA World Touring Car Championship. Driving a BMW 320si for the Borusan Otomotiv Motorsport team, he raced at Brands Hatch and Oschersleben, with no success...

I 7-8
  N.technology
N.Technology
N.Technology is an Italian auto racing team, founded by Mauro Sipsz and Monica Bregoli.- Team history :N.Technology were set up to manage the worldwide sporting activities of the Fiat Group...

Honda Accord Euro R
Honda Accord
The Honda Accord is a series of compact, mid-size and full-size automobiles manufactured by Honda since 1976, and sold in a majority of automotive markets throughout the world....

15   James Thompson
James Thompson (racing driver)
James Thompson is a British auto racing driver and commentator for Eurosport's motorsport coverage. He has twice been champion of the British Touring Car Championship , and was third in the 2007 World Touring Car Championship.-Racing career:He started racing in the BTCC in a privately-entered...

3-12
66   André Couto
André Couto
André Couto is a Portuguese motor racing driver who races with a Macau licence.-Early years:André Couto started his career in Karting in Macau influenced by the popular Macau Grand Prix and friends who competed in the local Karting championship...

12
72   Yukinori Taniguchi
Yukinori Taniguchi
is a Japanese businessperson and auto racing driver. He founded Yuke's, a video game developer company, in Sakai, Osaka in 1993.-Early career:Taniguchi enthused about the game production at high school days and contracted with game company in Hiroshima thus he began professional career...

10-11
  Wiechers-Sport
Wiechers-Sport
Wiechers-Sport is a German auto racing team which is based in Nienburg. The team was first established in 1999, competing in German touring cars. Since its inaugural year in 2005, they have entered cars in the FIA World Touring Car Championship as an independent team with BMWs. In that first year,...

BMW 320si
BMW E90
The saloon model was the first model sold of the 5th generation BMW 3 series. Debuting in the US in 2006, the E90 came in two trims, the 325i/xi and 330i/xi models...

16   Olivier Tielemans I 1-3, 5-6, 8
17   Takayuki Aoki
Takayuki Aoki
is a Japanese auto racing driver.-JGTC and Super GT:Aoki competed in the GT300 class of the Japanese GT Championship between 1998 and 2004, winning the class in 2001 in a Nissan Silvia...

I 10-12
33   Laurent Cazenave
Laurent Cazenave
Laurent Cazenave is a French auto racing driver. In 1997 he finished third in Class B of the French Formula Ford Championship. From there he switched to saloon car racing in 1999, with two years in the French Super Production Championship. He finished third in his second year with two race wins,...

I 4
49   Duncan Huisman
Duncan Huisman
Duncan Huisman is a Dutch auto racing driver. He won the Guia Race four times. As well as touring cars he has competed in the FIA GT Championship and the Porsche Supercup...

I 8
60   Kristian Poulsen
Kristian Poulsen
Kristian Poulsen is a Danish auto racing driver, who currently competes in touring car racing.-Career:He made his debut in the FIA World Touring Car Championship in 2008 with a part season. For 2009 he will compete a full season in the WTCC with Liqui Moly Team Engstler in a BMW 320si alongside...

I 10
88   Matthew Marsh
Matthew Marsh (racing driver)
Matthew Marsh is a British racing driver who now resides in Hong Kong.-Merdeka Millennium Endurance Race:...

I 11-12
  SUNRED Engineering
SUNRED Engineering
Sunred is a Spanish-based auto racing team and constructor. They are best known for competing in the World Touring Car Championship.-Racing History:...

SEAT León TFSI
SEAT León
The SEAT León is a small family car built by the Spanish car manufacturer, and Volkswagen Group subsidiary SEAT, S.A. since October 1998.The two León generations are, or have been built upon two differing variants of the Volkswagen Group A platform, and they also share many other components with...

20   Tom Coronel
Tom Coronel
Tom Romeo Coronel is a Dutch auto racing driver. Tom's twin brother Tim is also a racer, just like their father Tom Coronel Sr...

All
22   Michal Matejovský
Michal Matejovský
Michal Matějovský is a Czech auto racing driver.-Career:Early racing included the Czech Škoda Matador Pick-up Championship, the Czech Škoda Octavia Cup, and the Czech BMW 1 Challenge. In 2008 he competed in the SEAT León Eurocup, finishing the season sixteenth on points...

I 5
32   Oscar Nogués
Oscar Nogués
Oscar Nogués Farré is a Spanish auto racing driver. He won the Spanish SEAT León Supercopa in 2005 and 2006, and won the inaugural SEAT León Eurocup in 2008. He made one-off appearances in the World Touring Car Championship in 2006, 2007 and 2008 as rewards for his efforts in SEAT one-make series...

I 4
75   Norbert Michelisz
Norbert Michelisz
Norbert "Norbi" Michelisz is a Hungarian auto racing driver, who currently competes in the World Touring Car Championship.-Career:...

I 11
76   Lourenço Beirão da Veiga I 7
77   Tom Boardman
Tom Boardman (racing driver)
Tom Boardman is a British auto racing driver. His greatest achievement to date is winning the 2005 SEAT Cupra Championship for the Triple R team which he runs with father, John, who was previously a rallycross driver in the 1970s.-Early years:Tom first started driving cars at a very young age on...

I 6
78   Marin Čolak
Marin Colak
Marin Čolak is a Croatian auto racing driver. After starting his racing with karting, much of his young career has been spent in Germany, including German Formula Renault and the German SEAT Leon Cupra Cup. He has also competed in some races of the Formula Renault 2000 Eurocup in 2001 and 2002...

I 8
79   Duarte Félix da Costa
Duarte Félix da Costa
Duarte Maria de Ortigão Ramos Félix da Costa is a Portuguese auto racing driver. He is the older brother of racing driver António Félix da Costa.-Single-seaters:...

I 10
  Exagon Engineering
Exagon Engineering
Exagon Engineering is a French auto racing team which is based in Magny-Cours. The team was founded by director Luc Marchetti, and is managed by former racer Cathy Muller who is the older sister of successful touring car driver Yvan Muller...

SEAT León TFSI
SEAT León
The SEAT León is a small family car built by the Spanish car manufacturer, and Volkswagen Group subsidiary SEAT, S.A. since October 1998.The two León generations are, or have been built upon two differing variants of the Volkswagen Group A platform, and they also share many other components with...

23   Pierre-Yves Corthals
Pierre-Yves Corthals
Pierre-Yves Corthals is a Belgian auto racing driver.-Career:After competing in karting, Corthals began racing in the Belgian Renault Clio Cup in 1994, which he went on to win for three consecutive years between 1995 and 1997, and won it again in 2000 and 2004...

I 1-10
  Scuderia Proteam Motorsport
Proteam Motorsport
Proteam Motorsport is an Italian auto racing team based in Arezzo that was set up by former driver Valmiro Presenzini in 1997. They are best known for their efforts in the FIA World Touring Car Championship. Their time in the WTCC has seen them become the most successful independent team in the...

BMW 320si
BMW E90
The saloon model was the first model sold of the 5th generation BMW 3 series. Debuting in the US in 2006, the E90 came in two trims, the 325i/xi and 330i/xi models...

26   Stefano D'Aste
Stefano D'Aste
Stefano D'Aste is an Italian auto racing driver.His early racing career included competing on motorcycles and the Monza International Rally...

I 1-11
31   Sergio Hernández
Sergio Hernandez
Sergio Hernández von Reckowski is a Spanish racing driver, currently competing in the World Touring Car Championship.-Career:...

I All
45   George Tanev I 12
  Russian Bears Motorsport
Russian Bears Motorsport
Russian Bears Motorsport is a Russian auto racing team based in Moscow. They ran the works team for Lada in the World Touring Car Championship , under the banner LADA Sport in the 2009 season.-Team history:...

Lada 110 2.0
Lada 110
The Lada 110 is a Russian sedan car built by AvtoVAZ since 1995. It also spawned two close derivatives - the 111 estate and 112 hatchback...

27   Kirill Ladygin
Kirill Ladygin
Kirill Ladygin is a Russian auto racing driver. He is twice champion of the Russian LADA Revolution Cup in 2004 and 2006. In 2008 he competed in the FIA World Touring Car Championship when the Russian Bears Motorsport Team entered a third car, alongside Jaap van Lagen and Viktor Shapovalov...

I 9-12
28   Viktor Shapovalov
Viktor Shapovalov
Viktor Shapovalov is a Russian auto racing driver. Most of his career has been in touring cars, competing in the Russian Touring Car Championship as well as the Dutch Supercar Challenge...

I 3-10
29   Jaap van Lagen
Jaap van Lagen
Jaap van Lagen is a Dutch racing driver, who is a former competitor in the Formula Renault 3.5 Series and a former Eurocup Megane Trophy champion....

I 3-12
  Liqui Moly Team Engstler
Engstler Motorsport
Engstler Motorsport is a German auto racing team based in Wiggensbach, run by driver Franz Engstler. It has competed successfully in the Asian Touring Car Championship and the ADAC Procar Series...

BMW 320si
BMW E90
The saloon model was the first model sold of the 5th generation BMW 3 series. Debuting in the US in 2006, the E90 came in two trims, the 325i/xi and 330i/xi models...

42   Franz Engstler
Franz Engstler
Franz Engstler is a German auto racing driver. He currently competes as an independent driver in the FIA World Touring Car Championship in a BMW 320 TC under the Liqui Moly Team Engstler banner...

I All
43   Andrey Romanov I 1-6, 8-12
BMW 320i
BMW E46
The BMW E46 is the fourth generation of the 3 Series compact executive cars produced by BMW, produced from 1998 when it succeeded the BMW E36 until it was replaced by the BMW E90 in 2005....

81   Masaki Kano
Masaki Kano
is a Japanese auto racing driver.-Career:Kano competed in karting between 1991 and 1994. He then attended the Winfield Racing School in France in 1995.Kano finished ninth in the Japanese Super Taikyu Series in 2006...

I 11-12
  Petrol GT Racing Team BMW 320si
BMW E90
The saloon model was the first model sold of the 5th generation BMW 3 series. Debuting in the US in 2006, the E90 came in two trims, the 325i/xi and 330i/xi models...

45   George Tanev I 8-10
  Golden Motors
Golden Motors
Golden Motors is a Russian auto racing team based in Saint Petersburg. They are best known for their efforts in the FIA World Touring Car Championship.-Team history:...

Honda Accord Euro R
Honda Accord
The Honda Accord is a series of compact, mid-size and full-size automobiles manufactured by Honda since 1976, and sold in a majority of automotive markets throughout the world....

54   Alexander Lvov
Alexander Lvov
Alexander Lvov is a Russian auto racing driver.-Career:He is twice champion of the Russian Touring Car Championship. First in 2001 with an Opel Astra, and again in 2007 with a Honda Accord...

I 3, 5
55   Andrey Smetsky
Andrey Smetsky
Andrey Smetsky is a Russian auto racing driver.-Career:He has competed in the Russian Volkswagen Polo Cup, Russian Super Production Championship and the Russian Lada Ice Cup. In 2007 he finished runner-up in the Russian Touring Car Championship with a touring class Honda Accord...

I 3, 5
  Poulsen Motorsport
Kristian Poulsen
Kristian Poulsen is a Danish auto racing driver, who currently competes in touring car racing.-Career:He made his debut in the FIA World Touring Car Championship in 2008 with a part season. For 2009 he will compete a full season in the WTCC with Liqui Moly Team Engstler in a BMW 320si alongside...

BMW 320si
BMW E90
The saloon model was the first model sold of the 5th generation BMW 3 series. Debuting in the US in 2006, the E90 came in two trims, the 325i/xi and 330i/xi models...

60   Kristian Poulsen
Kristian Poulsen
Kristian Poulsen is a Danish auto racing driver, who currently competes in touring car racing.-Career:He made his debut in the FIA World Touring Car Championship in 2008 with a part season. For 2009 he will compete a full season in the WTCC with Liqui Moly Team Engstler in a BMW 320si alongside...

I 6-8
  Volvo Olsbergs Green Racing
Polestar Racing
Polestar Racing is a Swedish motorsport team, affiliated with Volvo, currently competing in the Swedish Touring Car Championship and World Touring Car Championship. The team promotes environmentally friendly racing, and features ethanol engines and E85 fuel...

Volvo C30
Volvo C30
The Volvo C30 is a small family car produced by Volvo Cars. The C30 is a three-door, four-seat hatchback powered by straight-4 and straight-5 engines. The car is a hatchback version of the S40/V50/C70 range, and uses the same Ford C1 platform. It is being marketed as a premium hatchback or a...

63   Robert Dahlgren
Robert Dahlgren
Robert Dahlgren is a Swedish auto racing driver, he currently competes in the Swedish Touring Car Championship for the Polestar Racing Team in a Volvo C30...

* 7
  Thunder Asia Racing BMW 320si
BMW E90
The saloon model was the first model sold of the 5th generation BMW 3 series. Debuting in the US in 2006, the E90 came in two trims, the 325i/xi and 330i/xi models...

69   Melvin Choo
Melvin Choo
Melvin Choo Kwok Ming is a Singaporean auto racing driver.-Career:Choo competed in the final two rounds of the 2008 FIA World Touring Car Championship, becoming the first driver from Singapore to compete in the WTCC. He drove for the Thunder Asia Racing Team in a BMW 320si with a best placed...

I 11-12
EWLINE
Icon Class
I Independents' Championship
* Not eligible to score points


Note: Macau-based RPM Racing Team had planned to race one Toyota Altezza and one Honda Civic Type-R
Honda Civic Type R
The first Civic to receive the 'Type R' name was based on the 6th generation 'EK' Civic. The contributing base model was the JDM Civic 3 door hatchback called SiR, code named EK4...

 for Macanese drivers Lei Kit Meng
Lei Kit Meng
-Career:Lei Kit Meng competed in two races of the 1998 British Formula Three Championship for Carlin Motorsport. Between 2000 and 2007 he competed each year in the Formula Three races at the Macau Grand Prix, with a best finish of tenth place in 2001, when he raced for Fortec Motorsport...

 and Jo Rosa Merszei in the final races in Macau
Macau
Macau , also spelled Macao , is, along with Hong Kong, one of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China...

 . Although car numbers were allocated to them (#64 for Meng (Toyota Altezza) and #65 for Merszei (Honda Civic)), the FIA Touring Car Bureau rejected the entries because neither of these cars had been homologated by the FIA .

Calendar

A provisional calendar was released in November, 2007..

Sweden was to be included in the calendar for 21 September but the FIA confirmed on 3 May 2008 that the Swedish round at the Scandinavian Raceway
Scandinavian Raceway
The Scandinavian Raceway is a race circuit in Anderstorp , Sweden.The track was built on marshlands in 1968 and became an extremely popular venue in the 1970s, just as Swede Ronnie Peterson was at the height of his career...

 was replaced by an Italy round at the revamped Imola Circuit
Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari
The Autodromo Internazionale Enzo e Dino Ferrari is an auto racing circuit near the Italian town of Imola, east of Bologna and east of the Ferrari factory in Maranello....

.
Round Race Name Track Date
1 R1 Race of Brazil
FIA WTCC Race of Brazil
The FIA WTCC Race of Brazil is a round of the World Touring Car Championship, currently held at the Autódromo Internacional de Curitiba near the city of Curitiba in the Brazilian state of Paraná....

  Autódromo Internacional de Curitiba
Autódromo Internacional de Curitiba
Autódromo Internacional de Curitiba is a motorsports circuit located in Pinhais, Brazil. It has been host to the World Touring Car Championship, TC2000, Fórmula Truck and Stock Car Brasil racing.-The circuit:Fabrizio Giovanardi of JAS Motorsport suggested the circuit is bumpy...

2 March
R2
2 R3 Race of Mexico
FIA WTCC Race of Mexico
The FIA WTCC Race of Mexico was a round of the World Touring Car Championship, held at the Autódromo Miguel E. Abed near the city of Puebla in Mexico.The race was first run in the 2005 season, the first season of the revived series...

  Autódromo Miguel E. Abed
Autódromo Miguel E. Abed
The Autódromo Internacional Miguel E. Abed is a racing track located in the town of Amozoc, east of the city of Puebla in the Mexican state of the same name.-History:...

6 April
R4
3 R7 Race of Spain
FIA WTCC Race of Spain
The FIA WTCC Race of Spain is a round of the World Touring Car Championship, which is held at the Circuit Ricardo Tormo near the city of Valencia in Spain.The race has been run at Valencia every year since the return of the series in 2005 season.-Winners:...

  Circuit Ricardo Tormo 18 May
R8
4 R5 Race of France
FIA WTCC Race of France
The FIA WTCC Race of France was a round of the World Touring Car Championship, which has been held at the Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours and the Circuit de Pau....

  Circuit de Pau Ville 1 June
R6
5 R9 Race of the Czech Republic
FIA WTCC Race of the Czech Republic
The FIA WTCC Race of the Czech Republic is a round of the World Touring Car Championship, which is held at the Masaryk Circuit near the city of Brno in the Czech Republic....

  Masaryk Circuit
Masaryk Circuit
The Masaryk circuit or Masarykring, now referred to as the Brno Circuit, refers two Czech racing circuits located close to the city of Brno.The original circuit was made up of public roads, and at its longest measured nearly...

15 June
R10
6 R11 Race of Portugal
FIA WTCC Race of Portugal
The FIA WTCC Race of Portugal is a round of the World Touring Car Championship, which has been held at the Autódromo do Estoril, Circuito da Boavista and Autódromo Internacional do Algarve in Portugal....

  Autódromo do Estoril
Autódromo do Estoril
The Autódromo do Estoril is a race course in Portugal, owned by state-run holding management company Parpública. Its length is . It was the home of the Formula One Portuguese Grand Prix from 1984 to 1996....

13 July
R12
7 R13 Race of UK
FIA WTCC Race of UK
The FIA WTCC Race of UK is a round of the World Touring Car Championship that takes place in England.The race was first run at Silverstone in 2005, but moved to Brands Hatch in 2006, where it used the full Grand Prix layout. In 2011, the race will move to Donington Park in Leicestershire.-Winners:...

Brands Hatch
Brands Hatch
Brands Hatch is a motor racing circuit near West Kingsdown in Kent, England. First used as a dirt track motorcycle circuit on farmland, it hosted 12 runnings of the British Grand Prix between 1964 and 1986 and currently holds many British and international racing events...

27 July
R14
8 R15 Race of Germany
FIA WTCC Race of Germany
The FIA WTCC Race of Germany is a round of the World Touring Car Championship, which is held at the Motorsport Arena Oschersleben in Germany.The race has been run at Oschersleben every year since the return of the series in 2005 season.-Winners:...

  Motorsport Arena Oschersleben
Motorsport Arena Oschersleben
The Motorsport Arena Oschersleben is long race track with a width of 11 – 13 meters and elevation changes of 23 metres. The circuit is located in Oschersleben, Börde , Northern Germany...

31 August
R16
9 R17 Race of Europe
FIA WTCC Race of Europe
The FIA WTCC Race of Europe was a round of the World Touring Car Championship, which was held at the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari near Imola in Italy during the 2008 season....

  Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari
Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari
The Autodromo Internazionale Enzo e Dino Ferrari is an auto racing circuit near the Italian town of Imola, east of Bologna and east of the Ferrari factory in Maranello....

21 September
R18
10 R19 Race of Italy
FIA WTCC Race of Italy
The FIA WTCC Race of Italy is a round of the World Touring Car Championship.The Race of Italy was the first round of the WTCC after its return in 2005. It was held at Autodromo Nazionale Monza between 2005 and 2008, and was held at Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari in Imola in 2009. The race returned...

  Autodromo Nazionale Monza
Autodromo Nazionale Monza
The Autodromo Nazionale Monza is a race track located near the town of Monza, north of Milan, in Italy. The circuit's biggest event is the Formula One Italian Grand Prix, which has been hosted there since the sport's inception....

5 October
R20
11 R21 Race of Japan
FIA WTCC Race of Japan
The FIA WTCC Race of Japan is a round of the World Touring Car Championship, which is held at the Okayama International Circuit in Japan.The race was first run in 2008, with Rickard Rydell and Tom Coronel winning.-Winners:...

  Okayama International Circuit 26 October
R22
12 R23 Guia Race of Macau   Guia Circuit
Guia Circuit
The Guia Circuit, or Circuito da Guia, is a street circuit located at the southeast region of the Macau Peninsula in Macau, China. It is the venue of the prestigious Macau Grand Prix and Guia Race of Macau. The circuit consists of long straights and tight corners, and features the characteristics...

16 November
R24

Results

Race Race Name Pole Position Fastest lap Winning driver Winning team Winning independent Report
1   Race of Brazil
FIA WTCC Race of Brazil
The FIA WTCC Race of Brazil is a round of the World Touring Car Championship, currently held at the Autódromo Internacional de Curitiba near the city of Curitiba in the Brazilian state of Paraná....

  Yvan Muller
Yvan Muller
Yvan Muller is a French auto racing driver most noted for success in touring car racing. He is a two-time and the reigning World Touring Car Champion.-Single-seaters:...

  Andy Priaulx
Andy Priaulx
Andrew Graham Priaulx, MBE is a British racing driver from Guernsey. He is a European Touring Car Championship champion, three times World Touring Car Championship champion and the only FIA Touring Car champion to win an International level championship for four consecutive years...

  Yvan Muller
Yvan Muller
Yvan Muller is a French auto racing driver most noted for success in touring car racing. He is a two-time and the reigning World Touring Car Champion.-Single-seaters:...

  SEAT Sport
SEAT Sport
SEAT Sport is the motorsport division of the Spanish automobile manufacturer SEAT, founded in 1985 , succeeding the 'SEAT Special Vehicles department' which had been formed in 1971 with the mission to enforce the brand's participation in rally championships, followed by 11 titles between 1979 and...

  Olivier Tielemans Report
2   Augusto Farfus
Augusto Farfus
Augusto Farfus Jr. is a Brazilian auto racing driver. He presently lives in Monaco.- Early years :Farfus first tasted racing in minibike races and won the local championships in 1991....

  Gabriele Tarquini
Gabriele Tarquini
Gabriele Tarquini is a racing driver from Italy. He participated in 78 Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on May 3, 1987. He scored 1 championship point, and holds the record for the most failed attempts to qualify...

  SEAT Sport
SEAT Sport
SEAT Sport is the motorsport division of the Spanish automobile manufacturer SEAT, founded in 1985 , succeeding the 'SEAT Special Vehicles department' which had been formed in 1971 with the mission to enforce the brand's participation in rally championships, followed by 11 titles between 1979 and...

  Olivier Tielemans
3   Race of Mexico
FIA WTCC Race of Mexico
The FIA WTCC Race of Mexico was a round of the World Touring Car Championship, held at the Autódromo Miguel E. Abed near the city of Puebla in Mexico.The race was first run in the 2005 season, the first season of the revived series...

  Jordi Gené
Jordi Gené
Jordi Gené Guerrero is a racing driver, who competed in the WTCC driving for SR-Sport in the 2010 WTCC season...

  Tiago Monteiro
Tiago Monteiro
Tiago Vagaroso da Costa Monteiro is a Portuguese racing driver. He drove for Jordan, Midland and Spyker MF1 teams—all different iterations of the same team as it was bought by new owners during a two year stint as part of the Formula One paddock...

  Jordi Gené
Jordi Gené
Jordi Gené Guerrero is a racing driver, who competed in the WTCC driving for SR-Sport in the 2010 WTCC season...

  SEAT Sport
SEAT Sport
SEAT Sport is the motorsport division of the Spanish automobile manufacturer SEAT, founded in 1985 , succeeding the 'SEAT Special Vehicles department' which had been formed in 1971 with the mission to enforce the brand's participation in rally championships, followed by 11 titles between 1979 and...

  Pierre-Yves Corthals
Pierre-Yves Corthals
Pierre-Yves Corthals is a Belgian auto racing driver.-Career:After competing in karting, Corthals began racing in the Belgian Renault Clio Cup in 1994, which he went on to win for three consecutive years between 1995 and 1997, and won it again in 2000 and 2004...

Report
4   Yvan Muller
Yvan Muller
Yvan Muller is a French auto racing driver most noted for success in touring car racing. He is a two-time and the reigning World Touring Car Champion.-Single-seaters:...

  Tiago Monteiro
Tiago Monteiro
Tiago Vagaroso da Costa Monteiro is a Portuguese racing driver. He drove for Jordan, Midland and Spyker MF1 teams—all different iterations of the same team as it was bought by new owners during a two year stint as part of the Formula One paddock...

  SEAT Sport
SEAT Sport
SEAT Sport is the motorsport division of the Spanish automobile manufacturer SEAT, founded in 1985 , succeeding the 'SEAT Special Vehicles department' which had been formed in 1971 with the mission to enforce the brand's participation in rally championships, followed by 11 titles between 1979 and...

  Pierre-Yves Corthals
Pierre-Yves Corthals
Pierre-Yves Corthals is a Belgian auto racing driver.-Career:After competing in karting, Corthals began racing in the Belgian Renault Clio Cup in 1994, which he went on to win for three consecutive years between 1995 and 1997, and won it again in 2000 and 2004...

5   Race of Spain
FIA WTCC Race of Spain
The FIA WTCC Race of Spain is a round of the World Touring Car Championship, which is held at the Circuit Ricardo Tormo near the city of Valencia in Spain.The race has been run at Valencia every year since the return of the series in 2005 season.-Winners:...

  Yvan Muller
Yvan Muller
Yvan Muller is a French auto racing driver most noted for success in touring car racing. He is a two-time and the reigning World Touring Car Champion.-Single-seaters:...

  Jörg Müller
Jörg Müller
Jörg Müller is a Dutch-born German race driver.- Racing career :In 1989 Müller won the titles in German Formula Opel Lotus Challenge and in European Formula Ford 1600....

  Robert Huff   Chevrolet
Chevrolet
Chevrolet , also known as Chevy , is a brand of vehicle produced by General Motors Company . Founded by Louis Chevrolet and ousted GM founder William C. Durant on November 3, 1911, General Motors acquired Chevrolet in 1918...

  Stefano D'Aste
Stefano D'Aste
Stefano D'Aste is an Italian auto racing driver.His early racing career included competing on motorcycles and the Monza International Rally...

Report
6   Alain Menu
Alain Menu
Alain Menu is a Swiss racing driver. He was one of the most successful touring car drivers of the 1990s, winning the prestigious British Touring Car Championship twice . He currently races for Chevrolet in the World Touring Car Championship.- BTCC :He is the son of a farmer...

  Alain Menu
Alain Menu
Alain Menu is a Swiss racing driver. He was one of the most successful touring car drivers of the 1990s, winning the prestigious British Touring Car Championship twice . He currently races for Chevrolet in the World Touring Car Championship.- BTCC :He is the son of a farmer...

  Chevrolet
Chevrolet
Chevrolet , also known as Chevy , is a brand of vehicle produced by General Motors Company . Founded by Louis Chevrolet and ousted GM founder William C. Durant on November 3, 1911, General Motors acquired Chevrolet in 1918...

  Sergio Hernández
Sergio Hernandez
Sergio Hernández von Reckowski is a Spanish racing driver, currently competing in the World Touring Car Championship.-Career:...

7   Race of France
FIA WTCC Race of France
The FIA WTCC Race of France was a round of the World Touring Car Championship, which has been held at the Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours and the Circuit de Pau....

  Augusto Farfus
Augusto Farfus
Augusto Farfus Jr. is a Brazilian auto racing driver. He presently lives in Monaco.- Early years :Farfus first tasted racing in minibike races and won the local championships in 1991....

  Augusto Farfus
Augusto Farfus
Augusto Farfus Jr. is a Brazilian auto racing driver. He presently lives in Monaco.- Early years :Farfus first tasted racing in minibike races and won the local championships in 1991....

  Augusto Farfus
Augusto Farfus
Augusto Farfus Jr. is a Brazilian auto racing driver. He presently lives in Monaco.- Early years :Farfus first tasted racing in minibike races and won the local championships in 1991....

  BMW Team Germany
Schnitzer Motorsport
Schnitzer Motorsport is a motorsport team based in Freilassing near Munich, Germany. From the early days of its establishment, the team has operated an automobile racing squad for BMW, and has remarkable results in touring car and sports car racing scenes....

  Laurent Cazenave
Laurent Cazenave
Laurent Cazenave is a French auto racing driver. In 1997 he finished third in Class B of the French Formula Ford Championship. From there he switched to saloon car racing in 1999, with two years in the French Super Production Championship. He finished third in his second year with two race wins,...

Report
8   Rickard Rydell
Rickard Rydell
Rickard Rydell is a Swedish racing driver. He won the 1998 British Touring Car Championship, the 2011 Scandinavian Touring Car Championship, and has also been a frontrunner in the European/World Touring Car Championship.-Early career:In the early 1990s, Rydell raced in various Formula Three series...

  Andy Priaulx
Andy Priaulx
Andrew Graham Priaulx, MBE is a British racing driver from Guernsey. He is a European Touring Car Championship champion, three times World Touring Car Championship champion and the only FIA Touring Car champion to win an International level championship for four consecutive years...

BMW Team UK   Stefano D'Aste
Stefano D'Aste
Stefano D'Aste is an Italian auto racing driver.His early racing career included competing on motorcycles and the Monza International Rally...

9   Race of the Czech Republic
FIA WTCC Race of the Czech Republic
The FIA WTCC Race of the Czech Republic is a round of the World Touring Car Championship, which is held at the Masaryk Circuit near the city of Brno in the Czech Republic....

  Alessandro Zanardi   Félix Porteiro
Felix Porteiro
Félix Porteiro is a Spanish racing driver.-Single-seaters:In 2001 Porteiro drove in the Spanish Formula Three Championship, finishing fourth in the standings, with one win. In 2002 he began racing in the World Series by Nissan. He finished 18th in the standings in 2002, 14th in 2003 and seventh in...

  Alessandro Zanardi   BMW Team Italy-Spain
ROAL Motorsport
ROAL Motorsport is an Italian auto racing team, which operated the BMW Team Italy-Spain team in the World Touring Car Championship...

  Sergio Hernández
Sergio Hernandez
Sergio Hernández von Reckowski is a Spanish racing driver, currently competing in the World Touring Car Championship.-Career:...

Report
10   Alessandro Zanardi   Gabriele Tarquini
Gabriele Tarquini
Gabriele Tarquini is a racing driver from Italy. He participated in 78 Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on May 3, 1987. He scored 1 championship point, and holds the record for the most failed attempts to qualify...

  SEAT Sport
SEAT Sport
SEAT Sport is the motorsport division of the Spanish automobile manufacturer SEAT, founded in 1985 , succeeding the 'SEAT Special Vehicles department' which had been formed in 1971 with the mission to enforce the brand's participation in rally championships, followed by 11 titles between 1979 and...

  Sergio Hernández
Sergio Hernandez
Sergio Hernández von Reckowski is a Spanish racing driver, currently competing in the World Touring Car Championship.-Career:...

11   Race of Portugal
FIA WTCC Race of Portugal
The FIA WTCC Race of Portugal is a round of the World Touring Car Championship, which has been held at the Autódromo do Estoril, Circuito da Boavista and Autódromo Internacional do Algarve in Portugal....

  Nicola Larini
Nicola Larini
Nicola Larini is a racing driver from Italy. He participated in 75 Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on September 6, 1987. He finished second in the tragic 1994 San Marino Grand Prix on a substitute outing for Ferrari, but only scored points once more in his career...

  Nicola Larini
Nicola Larini
Nicola Larini is a racing driver from Italy. He participated in 75 Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on September 6, 1987. He finished second in the tragic 1994 San Marino Grand Prix on a substitute outing for Ferrari, but only scored points once more in his career...

  Rickard Rydell
Rickard Rydell
Rickard Rydell is a Swedish racing driver. He won the 1998 British Touring Car Championship, the 2011 Scandinavian Touring Car Championship, and has also been a frontrunner in the European/World Touring Car Championship.-Early career:In the early 1990s, Rydell raced in various Formula Three series...

  SEAT Sport
SEAT Sport
SEAT Sport is the motorsport division of the Spanish automobile manufacturer SEAT, founded in 1985 , succeeding the 'SEAT Special Vehicles department' which had been formed in 1971 with the mission to enforce the brand's participation in rally championships, followed by 11 titles between 1979 and...

  Pierre-Yves Corthals
Pierre-Yves Corthals
Pierre-Yves Corthals is a Belgian auto racing driver.-Career:After competing in karting, Corthals began racing in the Belgian Renault Clio Cup in 1994, which he went on to win for three consecutive years between 1995 and 1997, and won it again in 2000 and 2004...

Report
12   Nicola Larini
Nicola Larini
Nicola Larini is a racing driver from Italy. He participated in 75 Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on September 6, 1987. He finished second in the tragic 1994 San Marino Grand Prix on a substitute outing for Ferrari, but only scored points once more in his career...

  Tiago Monteiro
Tiago Monteiro
Tiago Vagaroso da Costa Monteiro is a Portuguese racing driver. He drove for Jordan, Midland and Spyker MF1 teams—all different iterations of the same team as it was bought by new owners during a two year stint as part of the Formula One paddock...

  SEAT Sport
SEAT Sport
SEAT Sport is the motorsport division of the Spanish automobile manufacturer SEAT, founded in 1985 , succeeding the 'SEAT Special Vehicles department' which had been formed in 1971 with the mission to enforce the brand's participation in rally championships, followed by 11 titles between 1979 and...

  Sergio Hernández
Sergio Hernandez
Sergio Hernández von Reckowski is a Spanish racing driver, currently competing in the World Touring Car Championship.-Career:...

13 Race of UK
FIA WTCC Race of UK
The FIA WTCC Race of UK is a round of the World Touring Car Championship that takes place in England.The race was first run at Silverstone in 2005, but moved to Brands Hatch in 2006, where it used the full Grand Prix layout. In 2011, the race will move to Donington Park in Leicestershire.-Winners:...

  Augusto Farfus
Augusto Farfus
Augusto Farfus Jr. is a Brazilian auto racing driver. He presently lives in Monaco.- Early years :Farfus first tasted racing in minibike races and won the local championships in 1991....

  Robert Huff   Jörg Müller
Jörg Müller
Jörg Müller is a Dutch-born German race driver.- Racing career :In 1989 Müller won the titles in German Formula Opel Lotus Challenge and in European Formula Ford 1600....

  BMW Team Germany
Schnitzer Motorsport
Schnitzer Motorsport is a motorsport team based in Freilassing near Munich, Germany. From the early days of its establishment, the team has operated an automobile racing squad for BMW, and has remarkable results in touring car and sports car racing scenes....

  Stefano D'Aste
Stefano D'Aste
Stefano D'Aste is an Italian auto racing driver.His early racing career included competing on motorcycles and the Monza International Rally...

Report
14   Augusto Farfus
Augusto Farfus
Augusto Farfus Jr. is a Brazilian auto racing driver. He presently lives in Monaco.- Early years :Farfus first tasted racing in minibike races and won the local championships in 1991....

  Alain Menu
Alain Menu
Alain Menu is a Swiss racing driver. He was one of the most successful touring car drivers of the 1990s, winning the prestigious British Touring Car Championship twice . He currently races for Chevrolet in the World Touring Car Championship.- BTCC :He is the son of a farmer...

  Chevrolet
Chevrolet
Chevrolet , also known as Chevy , is a brand of vehicle produced by General Motors Company . Founded by Louis Chevrolet and ousted GM founder William C. Durant on November 3, 1911, General Motors acquired Chevrolet in 1918...

  Stefano D'Aste
Stefano D'Aste
Stefano D'Aste is an Italian auto racing driver.His early racing career included competing on motorcycles and the Monza International Rally...

15   Race of Germany
FIA WTCC Race of Germany
The FIA WTCC Race of Germany is a round of the World Touring Car Championship, which is held at the Motorsport Arena Oschersleben in Germany.The race has been run at Oschersleben every year since the return of the series in 2005 season.-Winners:...

  Robert Huff   Augusto Farfus
Augusto Farfus
Augusto Farfus Jr. is a Brazilian auto racing driver. He presently lives in Monaco.- Early years :Farfus first tasted racing in minibike races and won the local championships in 1991....

  Augusto Farfus
Augusto Farfus
Augusto Farfus Jr. is a Brazilian auto racing driver. He presently lives in Monaco.- Early years :Farfus first tasted racing in minibike races and won the local championships in 1991....

  BMW Team Germany
Schnitzer Motorsport
Schnitzer Motorsport is a motorsport team based in Freilassing near Munich, Germany. From the early days of its establishment, the team has operated an automobile racing squad for BMW, and has remarkable results in touring car and sports car racing scenes....

  Stefano D'Aste
Stefano D'Aste
Stefano D'Aste is an Italian auto racing driver.His early racing career included competing on motorcycles and the Monza International Rally...

Report
16   Augusto Farfus
Augusto Farfus
Augusto Farfus Jr. is a Brazilian auto racing driver. He presently lives in Monaco.- Early years :Farfus first tasted racing in minibike races and won the local championships in 1991....

  Félix Porteiro
Felix Porteiro
Félix Porteiro is a Spanish racing driver.-Single-seaters:In 2001 Porteiro drove in the Spanish Formula Three Championship, finishing fourth in the standings, with one win. In 2002 he began racing in the World Series by Nissan. He finished 18th in the standings in 2002, 14th in 2003 and seventh in...

  BMW Team Italy-Spain
ROAL Motorsport
ROAL Motorsport is an Italian auto racing team, which operated the BMW Team Italy-Spain team in the World Touring Car Championship...

  Sergio Hernández
Sergio Hernandez
Sergio Hernández von Reckowski is a Spanish racing driver, currently competing in the World Touring Car Championship.-Career:...

17   Race of Europe
FIA WTCC Race of Europe
The FIA WTCC Race of Europe was a round of the World Touring Car Championship, which was held at the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari near Imola in Italy during the 2008 season....

  Rickard Rydell
Rickard Rydell
Rickard Rydell is a Swedish racing driver. He won the 1998 British Touring Car Championship, the 2011 Scandinavian Touring Car Championship, and has also been a frontrunner in the European/World Touring Car Championship.-Early career:In the early 1990s, Rydell raced in various Formula Three series...

  James Thompson
James Thompson (racing driver)
James Thompson is a British auto racing driver and commentator for Eurosport's motorsport coverage. He has twice been champion of the British Touring Car Championship , and was third in the 2007 World Touring Car Championship.-Racing career:He started racing in the BTCC in a privately-entered...

  Yvan Muller
Yvan Muller
Yvan Muller is a French auto racing driver most noted for success in touring car racing. He is a two-time and the reigning World Touring Car Champion.-Single-seaters:...

  SEAT Sport
SEAT Sport
SEAT Sport is the motorsport division of the Spanish automobile manufacturer SEAT, founded in 1985 , succeeding the 'SEAT Special Vehicles department' which had been formed in 1971 with the mission to enforce the brand's participation in rally championships, followed by 11 titles between 1979 and...

  Sergio Hernández
Sergio Hernandez
Sergio Hernández von Reckowski is a Spanish racing driver, currently competing in the World Touring Car Championship.-Career:...

Report
18   Tiago Monteiro
Tiago Monteiro
Tiago Vagaroso da Costa Monteiro is a Portuguese racing driver. He drove for Jordan, Midland and Spyker MF1 teams—all different iterations of the same team as it was bought by new owners during a two year stint as part of the Formula One paddock...

  James Thompson
James Thompson (racing driver)
James Thompson is a British auto racing driver and commentator for Eurosport's motorsport coverage. He has twice been champion of the British Touring Car Championship , and was third in the 2007 World Touring Car Championship.-Racing career:He started racing in the BTCC in a privately-entered...

  N.Technology
N.Technology
N.Technology is an Italian auto racing team, founded by Mauro Sipsz and Monica Bregoli.- Team history :N.Technology were set up to manage the worldwide sporting activities of the Fiat Group...

  Sergio Hernández
Sergio Hernandez
Sergio Hernández von Reckowski is a Spanish racing driver, currently competing in the World Touring Car Championship.-Career:...

19   Race of Italy
FIA WTCC Race of Italy
The FIA WTCC Race of Italy is a round of the World Touring Car Championship.The Race of Italy was the first round of the WTCC after its return in 2005. It was held at Autodromo Nazionale Monza between 2005 and 2008, and was held at Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari in Imola in 2009. The race returned...

  Yvan Muller
Yvan Muller
Yvan Muller is a French auto racing driver most noted for success in touring car racing. He is a two-time and the reigning World Touring Car Champion.-Single-seaters:...

  Andy Priaulx
Andy Priaulx
Andrew Graham Priaulx, MBE is a British racing driver from Guernsey. He is a European Touring Car Championship champion, three times World Touring Car Championship champion and the only FIA Touring Car champion to win an International level championship for four consecutive years...

  Yvan Muller
Yvan Muller
Yvan Muller is a French auto racing driver most noted for success in touring car racing. He is a two-time and the reigning World Touring Car Champion.-Single-seaters:...

  SEAT Sport
SEAT Sport
SEAT Sport is the motorsport division of the Spanish automobile manufacturer SEAT, founded in 1985 , succeeding the 'SEAT Special Vehicles department' which had been formed in 1971 with the mission to enforce the brand's participation in rally championships, followed by 11 titles between 1979 and...

  Pierre-Yves Corthals
Pierre-Yves Corthals
Pierre-Yves Corthals is a Belgian auto racing driver.-Career:After competing in karting, Corthals began racing in the Belgian Renault Clio Cup in 1994, which he went on to win for three consecutive years between 1995 and 1997, and won it again in 2000 and 2004...

Report
20   Alain Menu
Alain Menu
Alain Menu is a Swiss racing driver. He was one of the most successful touring car drivers of the 1990s, winning the prestigious British Touring Car Championship twice . He currently races for Chevrolet in the World Touring Car Championship.- BTCC :He is the son of a farmer...

  Gabriele Tarquini
Gabriele Tarquini
Gabriele Tarquini is a racing driver from Italy. He participated in 78 Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on May 3, 1987. He scored 1 championship point, and holds the record for the most failed attempts to qualify...

  SEAT Sport
SEAT Sport
SEAT Sport is the motorsport division of the Spanish automobile manufacturer SEAT, founded in 1985 , succeeding the 'SEAT Special Vehicles department' which had been formed in 1971 with the mission to enforce the brand's participation in rally championships, followed by 11 titles between 1979 and...

  Sergio Hernández
Sergio Hernandez
Sergio Hernández von Reckowski is a Spanish racing driver, currently competing in the World Touring Car Championship.-Career:...

21   Race of Japan
FIA WTCC Race of Japan
The FIA WTCC Race of Japan is a round of the World Touring Car Championship, which is held at the Okayama International Circuit in Japan.The race was first run in 2008, with Rickard Rydell and Tom Coronel winning.-Winners:...

  Augusto Farfus
Augusto Farfus
Augusto Farfus Jr. is a Brazilian auto racing driver. He presently lives in Monaco.- Early years :Farfus first tasted racing in minibike races and won the local championships in 1991....

  Jörg Müller
Jörg Müller
Jörg Müller is a Dutch-born German race driver.- Racing career :In 1989 Müller won the titles in German Formula Opel Lotus Challenge and in European Formula Ford 1600....

  Rickard Rydell
Rickard Rydell
Rickard Rydell is a Swedish racing driver. He won the 1998 British Touring Car Championship, the 2011 Scandinavian Touring Car Championship, and has also been a frontrunner in the European/World Touring Car Championship.-Early career:In the early 1990s, Rydell raced in various Formula Three series...

  SEAT Sport
SEAT Sport
SEAT Sport is the motorsport division of the Spanish automobile manufacturer SEAT, founded in 1985 , succeeding the 'SEAT Special Vehicles department' which had been formed in 1971 with the mission to enforce the brand's participation in rally championships, followed by 11 titles between 1979 and...

  Stefano D'Aste
Stefano D'Aste
Stefano D'Aste is an Italian auto racing driver.His early racing career included competing on motorcycles and the Monza International Rally...

Report
22   James Thompson
James Thompson (racing driver)
James Thompson is a British auto racing driver and commentator for Eurosport's motorsport coverage. He has twice been champion of the British Touring Car Championship , and was third in the 2007 World Touring Car Championship.-Racing career:He started racing in the BTCC in a privately-entered...

  Tom Coronel
Tom Coronel
Tom Romeo Coronel is a Dutch auto racing driver. Tom's twin brother Tim is also a racer, just like their father Tom Coronel Sr...

  SUNRED Racing
SUNRED Engineering
Sunred is a Spanish-based auto racing team and constructor. They are best known for competing in the World Touring Car Championship.-Racing History:...

  Sergio Hernández
Sergio Hernandez
Sergio Hernández von Reckowski is a Spanish racing driver, currently competing in the World Touring Car Championship.-Career:...

23   Guia Race of Macau   Alain Menu
Alain Menu
Alain Menu is a Swiss racing driver. He was one of the most successful touring car drivers of the 1990s, winning the prestigious British Touring Car Championship twice . He currently races for Chevrolet in the World Touring Car Championship.- BTCC :He is the son of a farmer...

  Andy Priaulx
Andy Priaulx
Andrew Graham Priaulx, MBE is a British racing driver from Guernsey. He is a European Touring Car Championship champion, three times World Touring Car Championship champion and the only FIA Touring Car champion to win an International level championship for four consecutive years...

  Alain Menu
Alain Menu
Alain Menu is a Swiss racing driver. He was one of the most successful touring car drivers of the 1990s, winning the prestigious British Touring Car Championship twice . He currently races for Chevrolet in the World Touring Car Championship.- BTCC :He is the son of a farmer...

  Chevrolet
Chevrolet
Chevrolet , also known as Chevy , is a brand of vehicle produced by General Motors Company . Founded by Louis Chevrolet and ousted GM founder William C. Durant on November 3, 1911, General Motors acquired Chevrolet in 1918...

  Sergio Hernández
Sergio Hernandez
Sergio Hernández von Reckowski is a Spanish racing driver, currently competing in the World Touring Car Championship.-Career:...

Report
24   Augusto Farfus
Augusto Farfus
Augusto Farfus Jr. is a Brazilian auto racing driver. He presently lives in Monaco.- Early years :Farfus first tasted racing in minibike races and won the local championships in 1991....

  Robert Huff   Chevrolet
Chevrolet
Chevrolet , also known as Chevy , is a brand of vehicle produced by General Motors Company . Founded by Louis Chevrolet and ousted GM founder William C. Durant on November 3, 1911, General Motors acquired Chevrolet in 1918...

  Franz Engstler
Franz Engstler
Franz Engstler is a German auto racing driver. He currently competes as an independent driver in the FIA World Touring Car Championship in a BMW 320 TC under the Liqui Moly Team Engstler banner...


Drivers' standings

The final standings in the 2008 FIA World Touring Car Championship for Drivers were :
EWLINE
Pos Driver BRA
 
MEX
 
ESP
 
FRA
 
CZE
 
POR
 
UK
 
GER
 
EUR
 
ITA
 
JPN
 
MAC
 
 Pts 
1   Yvan Muller
Yvan Muller
Yvan Muller is a French auto racing driver most noted for success in touring car racing. He is a two-time and the reigning World Touring Car Champion.-Single-seaters:...

1 5 6 4 4 8 2 7 8 5 3 2 2 11 11 8 1 5 1 4 7 6 3 2 114
2   Gabriele Tarquini
Gabriele Tarquini
Gabriele Tarquini is a racing driver from Italy. He participated in 78 Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on May 3, 1987. He scored 1 championship point, and holds the record for the most failed attempts to qualify...

5 1 5 3 2 5 5 4 6 1 13 11 7 5 24 16 5 Ret 2 1 10 Ret 7 12 88
3   Robert Huff Ret Ret 9 9 1 2 4 5 9 DSQ 4 5 21 10 2 3 4 3 6 26 4 5 5 1 87
4   Andy Priaulx
Andy Priaulx
Andrew Graham Priaulx, MBE is a British racing driver from Guernsey. He is a European Touring Car Championship champion, three times World Touring Car Championship champion and the only FIA Touring Car champion to win an International level championship for four consecutive years...

4 2 10 8 7 3 8 1 14 8 6 3 3 Ret Ret 5 11 7 3 25 3 22 2 3 81
5   Rickard Rydell
Rickard Rydell
Rickard Rydell is a Swedish racing driver. He won the 1998 British Touring Car Championship, the 2011 Scandinavian Touring Car Championship, and has also been a frontrunner in the European/World Touring Car Championship.-Early career:In the early 1990s, Rydell raced in various Formula Three series...

2 7 2 2 10 7 6 3 10 17 1 8 11 9 6 20 2 6 16 9 1 9 Ret 4 77
6   Augusto Farfus
Augusto Farfus
Augusto Farfus Jr. is a Brazilian auto racing driver. He presently lives in Monaco.- Early years :Farfus first tasted racing in minibike races and won the local championships in 1991....

DSQ 6 11 10 Ret 20 1 6 4 3 Ret 10 Ret 6 1 6 7 8 Ret 8 6 2 4 11 63
7   Jörg Müller
Jörg Müller
Jörg Müller is a Dutch-born German race driver.- Racing career :In 1989 Müller won the titles in German Formula Opel Lotus Challenge and in European Formula Ford 1600....

3 4 14 12 5 4 9 13 5 7 9 7 1 4 26 9 8 2 9 10 2 Ret 10 Ret 60
8   Jordi Gené
Jordi Gené
Jordi Gené Guerrero is a racing driver, who competed in the WTCC driving for SR-Sport in the 2010 WTCC season...

11 8 1 5 3 6 3 19 13 14 5 9 9 Ret 5 4 17 17 7 2 11 10 6 Ret 56
9   Alain Menu
Alain Menu
Alain Menu is a Swiss racing driver. He was one of the most successful touring car drivers of the 1990s, winning the prestigious British Touring Car Championship twice . He currently races for Chevrolet in the World Touring Car Championship.- BTCC :He is the son of a farmer...

Ret 10 8 7 8 1 10 Ret 3 6 11 14 8 1 3 Ret Ret 12 11 5 Ret 13 1 13 54
10   Félix Porteiro
Felix Porteiro
Félix Porteiro is a Spanish racing driver.-Single-seaters:In 2001 Porteiro drove in the Spanish Formula Three Championship, finishing fourth in the standings, with one win. In 2002 he began racing in the World Series by Nissan. He finished 18th in the standings in 2002, 14th in 2003 and seventh in...

6 3 16 20 22 10 15 12 2 4 8 4 6 2 8 1 10 Ret NC 12 Ret 8 14 DNS 51
11   Nicola Larini
Nicola Larini
Nicola Larini is a racing driver from Italy. He participated in 75 Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on September 6, 1987. He finished second in the tragic 1994 San Marino Grand Prix on a substitute outing for Ferrari, but only scored points once more in his career...

Ret 12 3 Ret 6 9 7 2 11 11 2 6 23 12 Ret 11 6 4 5 3 16 12 9 Ret 48
12   Tiago Monteiro
Tiago Monteiro
Tiago Vagaroso da Costa Monteiro is a Portuguese racing driver. He drove for Jordan, Midland and Spyker MF1 teams—all different iterations of the same team as it was bought by new owners during a two year stint as part of the Formula One paddock...

17 13 7 1 18 Ret 13 10 12 10 7 1 16 15 4 Ret 13 11 4 6 5 7 11 Ret 43
13   Alessandro Zanardi 15 11 15 11 12 18 12 11 1 2 20 13 4 3 12 19 12 9 8 7 13 Ret 23 5 36
14   Tom Coronel
Tom Coronel
Tom Romeo Coronel is a Dutch auto racing driver. Tom's twin brother Tim is also a racer, just like their father Tom Coronel Sr...

7 9 4 6 9 DNS 14 9 18 12 10 12 5 22 7 2 15 15 10 24 8 1 22 Ret 35
15   James Thompson
James Thompson (racing driver)
James Thompson is a British auto racing driver and commentator for Eurosport's motorsport coverage. He has twice been champion of the British Touring Car Championship , and was third in the 2007 World Touring Car Championship.-Racing career:He started racing in the BTCC in a privately-entered...

11 11 11 8 7 9 DNS DNS 10 14 15 Ret 3 1 Ret 11 17 4 8 14 25
16   Sergio Hernández
Sergio Hernandez
Sergio Hernández von Reckowski is a Spanish racing driver, currently competing in the World Touring Car Championship.-Career:...

14 15 17 15 23 12 17 17 15 13 Ret 15 13 8 10 7 9 10 14 13 12 3 12 Ret 9
17   Franz Engstler
Franz Engstler
Franz Engstler is a German auto racing driver. He currently competes as an independent driver in the FIA World Touring Car Championship in a BMW 320 TC under the Liqui Moly Team Engstler banner...

10 17 18 16 17 17 19 15 16 23 18 18 17 13 Ret 15 16 14 13 16 14 11 15 6 3
18   Stefano D'Aste
Stefano D'Aste
Stefano D'Aste is an Italian auto racing driver.His early racing career included competing on motorcycles and the Monza International Rally...

9 16 13 14 14 15 18 14 25 21 19 16 12 7 9 13 18 16 24 14 9 23 2
19   Manabu Orido
Manabu Orido
is a Japanese racing driver who currently competes in the Super GT series for Toyota Team Tsuchiya in a Lexus SC 430 sponsored by Eclipse and AdvanOrido began his racing career as a street racer and then progressed to touge racing...

15 17 Ret 18 16 7 2
20   Olivier Tielemans 8 14 19 17 15 Ret 19 Ret Ret DNS 22 18 1
21   Matthew Marsh
Matthew Marsh (racing driver)
Matthew Marsh is a British racing driver who now resides in Hong Kong.-Merdeka Millennium Endurance Race:...

21 14 17 8 1
22   Andrey Romanov 12 19 20 18 16 Ret 20 20 20 16 16 20 17 Ret 20 20 18 Ret 22 15 20 9 0
23   Ibrahim Okyay
Ibrahim Okyay
Ibrahim Okyay is a Turkish auto racing driver. He is best known for competing in the FIA World Touring Car Championship.Okyay first entered the WTCC in 2006. He competed in just two races at his home circuit of Istanbul Park, driving an independent BMW 320i ran by Kosifler Motorsport...

16 20 21 19 24 19 Ret Ret Ret 19 17 23 18 Ret 19 Ret Ret 21 19 21 Ret DNS 18 10 0
24   Duncan Huisman
Duncan Huisman
Duncan Huisman is a Dutch auto racing driver. He won the Guia Race four times. As well as touring cars he has competed in the FIA GT Championship and the Porsche Supercup...

16 10 0
25   Pierre-Yves Corthals
Pierre-Yves Corthals
Pierre-Yves Corthals is a Belgian auto racing driver.-Career:After competing in karting, Corthals began racing in the Belgian Renault Clio Cup in 1994, which he went on to win for three consecutive years between 1995 and 1997, and won it again in 2000 and 2004...

13 18 12 13 Ret 12 Ret 21 17 15 12 19 14 16 25 12 14 13 12 Ret 0
26   José Manuel Pérez-Aicart
José Manuel Pérez-Aicart
José Manuel Pérez-Aicart is a Spanish auto racing driver.-Single-seaters:Pérez-Aicart finished third in the 2001 Spanish Formula Three Championship. He then competed in the Formula Nissan 2000 series in 2002, finishing fourth...

13 14 0
27   Marin Čolak
Marin Colak
Marin Čolak is a Croatian auto racing driver. After starting his racing with karting, much of his young career has been spent in Germany, including German Formula Renault and the German SEAT Leon Cupra Cup. He has also competed in some races of the Formula Renault 2000 Eurocup in 2001 and 2002...

13 17 0
28   André Couto
André Couto
André Couto is a Portuguese motor racing driver who races with a Macau licence.-Early years:André Couto started his career in Karting in Macau influenced by the popular Macau Grand Prix and friends who competed in the local Karting championship...

13 Ret 0
29   Kristian Poulsen
Kristian Poulsen
Kristian Poulsen is a Danish auto racing driver, who currently competes in touring car racing.-Career:He made his debut in the FIA World Touring Car Championship in 2008 with a part season. For 2009 he will compete a full season in the WTCC with Liqui Moly Team Engstler in a BMW 320si alongside...

14 22 15 17 18 14 23 15 0
30   Jaap van Lagen
Jaap van Lagen
Jaap van Lagen is a Dutch racing driver, who is a former competitor in the Formula Renault 3.5 Series and a former Eurocup Megane Trophy champion....

Ret Ret 21 18 21 Ret 15 21 DNS 18 14 22 19 18 Ret 19 18 17 21 Ret 0
31   Takayuki Aoki
Takayuki Aoki
is a Japanese auto racing driver.-JGTC and Super GT:Aoki competed in the GT300 class of the Japanese GT Championship between 1998 and 2004, winning the class in 2001 in a Nissan Silvia...

17 Ret 15 Ret Ret 15 0
32   Alexander Lvov
Alexander Lvov
Alexander Lvov is a Russian auto racing driver.-Career:He is twice champion of the Russian Touring Car Championship. First in 2001 with an Opel Astra, and again in 2007 with a Honda Accord...

19 16 23 20 0
33   Laurent Cazenave
Laurent Cazenave
Laurent Cazenave is a French auto racing driver. In 1997 he finished third in Class B of the French Formula Ford Championship. From there he switched to saloon car racing in 1999, with two years in the French Super Production Championship. He finished third in his second year with two race wins,...

16 Ret 0
33   Norbert Michelisz
Norbert Michelisz
Norbert "Norbi" Michelisz is a Hungarian auto racing driver, who currently competes in the World Touring Car Championship.-Career:...

Ret 16 0
33   Oscar Nogués
Oscar Nogués
Oscar Nogués Farré is a Spanish auto racing driver. He won the Spanish SEAT León Supercopa in 2005 and 2006, and won the inaugural SEAT León Eurocup in 2008. He made one-off appearances in the World Touring Car Championship in 2006, 2007 and 2008 as rewards for his efforts in SEAT one-make series...

Ret 16 0
36   Tom Boardman
Tom Boardman (racing driver)
Tom Boardman is a British auto racing driver. His greatest achievement to date is winning the 2005 SEAT Cupra Championship for the Triple R team which he runs with father, John, who was previously a rallycross driver in the 1970s.-Early years:Tom first started driving cars at a very young age on...

Ret 17 0
37   George Tanev 21 21 21 19 20 18 19 Ret 0
38   Viktor Shapovalov
Viktor Shapovalov
Viktor Shapovalov is a Russian auto racing driver. Most of his career has been in touring cars, competing in the Russian Touring Car Championship as well as the Dutch Supercar Challenge...

20 Ret DNQ DNQ Ret 18 Ret 24 19 20 20 23 Ret DNS Ret 22 DNS DNS DNS DNS 0
39   Yukinori Taniguchi
Yukinori Taniguchi
is a Japanese businessperson and auto racing driver. He founded Yuke's, a video game developer company, in Sakai, Osaka in 1993.-Early career:Taniguchi enthused about the game production at high school days and contracted with game company in Hiroshima thus he began professional career...

21 Ret 20 19 0
40   Lourenço Beirão da Veiga 20 19 0
41   Kirill Ladygin
Kirill Ladygin
Kirill Ladygin is a Russian auto racing driver. He is twice champion of the Russian LADA Revolution Cup in 2004 and 2006. In 2008 he competed in the FIA World Touring Car Championship when the Russian Bears Motorsport Team entered a third car, alongside Jaap van Lagen and Viktor Shapovalov...

Ret 22 22 23 19 Ret Ret Ret 0
42   Melvin Choo
Melvin Choo
Melvin Choo Kwok Ming is a Singaporean auto racing driver.-Career:Choo competed in the final two rounds of the 2008 FIA World Touring Car Championship, becoming the first driver from Singapore to compete in the WTCC. He drove for the Thunder Asia Racing Team in a BMW 320si with a best placed...

23 20 Ret Ret 0
43   Duarte Félix Da Costa
Duarte Félix da Costa
Duarte Maria de Ortigão Ramos Félix da Costa is a Portuguese auto racing driver. He is the older brother of racing driver António Félix da Costa.-Single-seaters:...

Ret 20 0
44   Andrey Smetsky
Andrey Smetsky
Andrey Smetsky is a Russian auto racing driver.-Career:He has competed in the Russian Volkswagen Polo Cup, Russian Super Production Championship and the Russian Lada Ice Cup. In 2007 he finished runner-up in the Russian Touring Car Championship with a touring class Honda Accord...

21 21 24 22 0
45   Aytaç Biter
Aytaç Biter
Aytaç Biter is a Turkish auto racing driver. In 2008 he competed in four rounds of the FIA World Touring Car Championship. Driving a BMW 320si for the Borusan Otomotiv Motorsport team, he raced at Brands Hatch and Oschersleben, with no success...

22 21 23 24 0
46   Masaki Kano
Masaki Kano
is a Japanese auto racing driver.-Career:Kano competed in karting between 1991 and 1994. He then attended the Winfield Racing School in France in 1995.Kano finished ninth in the Japanese Super Taikyu Series in 2006...

24 21 Ret DNS 0
47   Michal Matejovský
Michal Matejovský
Michal Matějovský is a Czech auto racing driver.-Career:Early racing included the Czech Škoda Matador Pick-up Championship, the Czech Škoda Octavia Cup, and the Czech BMW 1 Challenge. In 2008 he competed in the SEAT León Eurocup, finishing the season sixteenth on points...

22 Ret 0
guest drivers ineligible for points
-   Robert Dahlgren
Robert Dahlgren
Robert Dahlgren is a Swedish auto racing driver, he currently competes in the Swedish Touring Car Championship for the Polestar Racing Team in a Volvo C30...

24 DNS *
Pos Driver BRA
 
MEX
 
ESP
 
FRA
 
CZE
 
POR
 
UK
 
GER
 
EUR
 
ITA
 
JPN
 
MAC
 
 Pts 


Bold - Pole

Italics - Fastest Lap


Drivers' Championship points were awarded on a 10-8-6-5-4-3-2-1 basis to the first eight finishers in each race.

Manufacturers' standings

The final standings in the 2008 FIA World Touring Car Championship for Manufacturers were : generated with :de:Wikipedia:Helferlein/VBA-Macro for EXCEL tableconversion V1.4<\hiddentext>>
Position Manufacturer Car R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 Total
1 SEAT
SEAT
SEAT, S.A. is a Spanish automobile manufacturer founded on May 9, 1950 by the Instituto Nacional de Industria , a state-owned industrial holding company....

SEAT Leon
SEAT León
The SEAT León is a small family car built by the Spanish car manufacturer, and Volkswagen Group subsidiary SEAT, S.A. since October 1998.The two León generations are, or have been built upon two differing variants of the Volkswagen Group A platform, and they also share many other components with...

 TDI
18 15 18 18 14 7 14 11 8 15 16 18 13 9 9 13 18 7 18 18 14 13 9 13 326
2 BMW
BMW
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG is a German automobile, motorcycle and engine manufacturing company founded in 1916. It also owns and produces the Mini marque, and is the parent company of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. BMW produces motorcycles under BMW Motorrad and Husqvarna brands...

BMW 320si 11 14 7 8 8 11 13 13 18 14 7 11 16 14 13 14 5 10 9 7 14 14 13 10 274
3 Chevrolet
Chevrolet
Chevrolet , also known as Chevy , is a brand of vehicle produced by General Motors Company . Founded by Louis Chevrolet and ousted GM founder William C. Durant on November 3, 1911, General Motors acquired Chevrolet in 1918...

Chevrolet Lacetti - 7 11 10 14 18 9 12 8 6 13 7 6 13 14 9 9 11 9 11 8 6 14 13 238
4 Honda
Honda
is a Japanese public multinational corporation primarily known as a manufacturer of automobiles and motorcycles.Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than...

Honda Accord
Honda Accord
The Honda Accord is a series of compact, mid-size and full-size automobiles manufactured by Honda since 1976, and sold in a majority of automotive markets throughout the world....

Euro R
3 3 2 2 5 4 - - 3 2 2 - 6 10 2 2 3 6 3 2 60


Manufacturers' Championship points were awarded on a 10-8-6-5-4-3-2-1 basis to the first eight finishers in each race. However only the results of the best two cars for each manufacturer were taken into account.

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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