Sienese School
Encyclopedia
The Sienese School of painting
flourished in Siena
, Italy
between the 13th and 15th centuries and for a time rivaled Florence
, though it was more conservative, being inclined towards the decorative beauty and elegant grace of late Gothic art
. Its most important representatives include Duccio
, whose work shows Byzantine influence; his pupil Simone Martini
; Pietro
and Ambrogio Lorenzetti
; Domenico
and Taddeo di Bartolo
; Sassetta
and Matteo di Giovanni
. Unlike the naturalistic Florentine art
, there is a mystical streak in Sienese art, characterized by a common focus on miraculous events, with less attention to proportions, distortions of time and place, and often dreamlike coloration. In the 16th century the Mannerists Beccafumi
and Il Sodoma
worked there. While Baldassare Peruzzi
was born and trained in Siena, his major works and style reflect his long career in Rome. The economic and political decline of Siena by the 16th century, and its eventual subjugation by Florence, largely checked the development of Sienese painting, although it also meant that a good proportion of Sienese works in churches and public buildings were not discarded or destroyed by new paintings or rebuilding. Siena remains a remarkably well-preserved Italian late-Medieval town.
Painting
Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface . The application of the medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush but other objects can be used. In art, the term painting describes both the act and the result of the action. However, painting is...
flourished in Siena
Siena
Siena is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the province of Siena.The historic centre of Siena has been declared by UNESCO a World Heritage Site. It is one of the nation's most visited tourist attractions, with over 163,000 international arrivals in 2008...
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
between the 13th and 15th centuries and for a time rivaled Florence
Florence
Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with approximately 370,000 inhabitants, expanding to over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area....
, though it was more conservative, being inclined towards the decorative beauty and elegant grace of late Gothic art
Gothic art
Gothic art was a Medieval art movement that developed in France out of Romanesque art in the mid-12th century, led by the concurrent development of Gothic architecture. It spread to all of Western Europe, but took over art more completely north of the Alps, never quite effacing more classical...
. Its most important representatives include Duccio
Duccio
Duccio di Buoninsegna was one of the most influential Italian artists of his time. Born in Siena, Tuscany, he worked mostly with pigment and egg tempera and like most of his contemporaries painted religious subjects...
, whose work shows Byzantine influence; his pupil Simone Martini
Simone Martini
Simone Martini was an Italian painter born in Siena.He was a major figure in the development of early Italian painting and greatly influenced the development of the International Gothic style....
; Pietro
Pietro Lorenzetti
Pietro Lorenzetti was an Italian painter, active between approximately 1306 and 1345. His younger brother was the painter Ambrogio Lorenzetti....
and Ambrogio Lorenzetti
Ambrogio Lorenzetti
Ambrogio Lorenzetti was an Italian painter of the Sienese school. He was active between approximately 1317 to 1348. His elder brother was the painter Pietro Lorenzetti....
; Domenico
Domenico di Bartolo
Domenico di Bartolo was an Italian painter of the Sienese School.He was born in Asciano. According to Vasari, he was a nephew of Taddeo di Bartolo. He was employed by Vecchietta in the masterpiece fresco The Care of the Sick in the Pellegrinaio of the Ospedale di Santa Maria della Scala in Siena...
and Taddeo di Bartolo
Taddeo di Bartolo
Taddeo di Bartolo , also known as Taddeo Bartoli, was an Italian painter of the Sienese School during the early Renaissance. He is among the artists profiled in Vasari's Le Vite delle più eccellenti pittori, scultori, ed architettori...
; Sassetta
Stefano di Giovanni
Stefano di Giovanni di Consolo, known as il Sassetta was an Italian painter.He was born in Siena, although there is also an hypothesis that he was born in Cortona. The first historical record of him was anyway in Siena in 1423. Sassetta was the apprentice of Paolo di Giovanni Fei or Benedetto di...
and Matteo di Giovanni
Matteo di Giovanni
Matteo di Giovanni c. 1430 - 1495) was an Italian Renaissance artist from the Sienese school.-Biography:Matteo di Giovanni di Bartolo was born in Borgo Sansepolcro around 1430. His family relocated to Siena and he is firmly associated with the art of that city...
. Unlike the naturalistic Florentine art
Florentine School
The Florentine School refers to artists in, from or influenced by the naturalistic style developed in the 14th century, largely through the efforts of Giotto di Bondone, and in the 15th century the leading school of the world...
, there is a mystical streak in Sienese art, characterized by a common focus on miraculous events, with less attention to proportions, distortions of time and place, and often dreamlike coloration. In the 16th century the Mannerists Beccafumi
Domenico di Pace Beccafumi
Domenico di Pace Beccafumi was an Italian Renaissance-Mannerist painter active predominantly in Siena. He is considered one of the last undiluted representatives of the Sienese school of painting.-Biography:...
and Il Sodoma
Il Sodoma
Il Sodoma was the name given to the Italian Renaissance painter Giovanni Antonio Bazzi. Il Sodoma painted in a manner that superimposed the High Renaissance style of early 16th-century Rome onto the traditions of the provincial Sienese school; he spent the bulk of his professional life in Siena,...
worked there. While Baldassare Peruzzi
Baldassare Peruzzi
Baldassare Tommaso Peruzzi was an Italian architect and painter, born in a small town near Siena and died in Rome. He worked for many years, beginning in 1520, under Bramante, Raphael, and later Sangallo during the erection of the new St. Peter's...
was born and trained in Siena, his major works and style reflect his long career in Rome. The economic and political decline of Siena by the 16th century, and its eventual subjugation by Florence, largely checked the development of Sienese painting, although it also meant that a good proportion of Sienese works in churches and public buildings were not discarded or destroyed by new paintings or rebuilding. Siena remains a remarkably well-preserved Italian late-Medieval town.
1301–1350
- Duccio di Buoninsegna
- Segna di Buonaventura
- Niccolò di Segna
- Simone MartiniSimone MartiniSimone Martini was an Italian painter born in Siena.He was a major figure in the development of early Italian painting and greatly influenced the development of the International Gothic style....
- Lippo MemmiLippo MemmiLippo Memmi was an Italian painter from Siena. He was the foremost follower of Simone Martini, who was his brother-in-law....
- Naddo CeccarelliNaddo CeccarelliNaddo Ceccarelli was a 14th century Italian painter of the Sienese school.Paintings by this late Italian Gothic painter can been at the Walters Art Museum in Baltimore, Maryland and the Museum of Fine Arts in Budapest, Hungary....
- Ambrogio LorenzettiAmbrogio LorenzettiAmbrogio Lorenzetti was an Italian painter of the Sienese school. He was active between approximately 1317 to 1348. His elder brother was the painter Pietro Lorenzetti....
- Pietro LorenzettiPietro LorenzettiPietro Lorenzetti was an Italian painter, active between approximately 1306 and 1345. His younger brother was the painter Ambrogio Lorenzetti....
- Bartolomeo Bulgarini
1351–1400
- Bartolo di FrediBartolo di FrediBartolo di Fredi , sometimes called Bartolo Battiloro, was an Italian painter, born in Siena, classified as a member of the Sienese School....
- Andrea VanniAndrea VanniAndrea Vanni was an Italian painter of the early Renaissance.He was born in Siena, and in conjunction with Bartolo di Maestro Fredi, began to paint in 1353...
- Francesco di VannuccioFrancesco di VannuccioFrancesco di Vannuccio was an Italian painter born in Siena. A small body of work has been ascribed to this painter, characterized by an attention to and love of pattern and decoration, a tradition dating back in Siena to Simone Martini...
- Jacopo di Mino del PellicciaioJacopo di Mino del PellicciaioJacopo di Mino del Pellicciaio was an Italian painter, active in Siena.He is also called Giacomo di Mino. He appears to be a follower of Simone Martini. He was the contemporary of Lippo Vanni and Luca Thome, being in 1373 appointed to value one of latter's pictures. His name appears in the Sienese...
- Niccolò di Bonaccorso
- Niccolò di Ser Sozzo
- Luca di TommèLuca di TommèLuca di Tommè was an Italian painter active between 1356 and 1389 in Siena. He was a colleague of Bartolo di Fredi. He created his images using tempera on wood panels, in a manner typical of the 14th century....
- Taddeo di BartoloTaddeo di BartoloTaddeo di Bartolo , also known as Taddeo Bartoli, was an Italian painter of the Sienese School during the early Renaissance. He is among the artists profiled in Vasari's Le Vite delle più eccellenti pittori, scultori, ed architettori...
- Andrea di BartoloAndrea di BartoloAndrea di Bartolo was an Italian painter of the Sienna School, active between 1389-1428.-Life:He was the only surviving son of nine, of the painter Bartolo di Fredi...
- Paolo di Giovanni FeiPaolo di Giovanni FeiPaolo di Giovanni Fei was a painter of the Sienese school.He came to Siena from San Quirico, Castelvecchio, held public positions in Siena from 1369 and was first mentioned in the Sienese register of painters in 1389. His earliest signed and dated work is of 1381...
1401–1450
- Benedetto di Bindo
- Domenico di BartoloDomenico di BartoloDomenico di Bartolo was an Italian painter of the Sienese School.He was born in Asciano. According to Vasari, he was a nephew of Taddeo di Bartolo. He was employed by Vecchietta in the masterpiece fresco The Care of the Sick in the Pellegrinaio of the Ospedale di Santa Maria della Scala in Siena...
- Giovanni di PaoloGiovanni di PaoloGiovanni di Paolo di Grazia was an Italian painter, working primarily in Siena. He may have apprenticed with Taddeo di Bartolo, becoming a prolific painter and illustrator of manuscripts, including Dante's texts....
- Gregorio di CeccoGregorio di CeccoGregorio di Cecco was an Italian painter of the Sienese School during the early Renaissance. He was born in Sienna around 1390 and died before 1424....
- Martino di BartolomeoMartino di BartolomeoMartino di Bartolomeo or Martino di Bartolomeo di Biago was an Italian painter and manuscript illuminator active between 1389 and 1434. He was one of his generation's principal painters of the Sienese School. From specific aspects of his early style, he is believed to have trained in the studio of...
- Master of the Osservanza TriptychMaster of the Osservanza TriptychThe Master of the Osservanza Triptych, also known as the Osservanza Master and as the Master of Osservanza, is the name given to an Italian painter of the Sienese School active about 1430 to 1450....
- Pietro di Giovanni d'Ambrogio
- Priamo della QuerciaPriamo della QuerciaPriamo della Quercia was an Italian painter and miniaturist of the early Renaissance. He was the brother of the famous sculptor Jacopo della Quercia....
- Sano di PietroSano di PietroSano di Pietro was an early Italian Renaissance painter and miniaturist from Siena.No works by Sano are known before 1443; he apprenticed under Sassetta and Giovanni di Paolo...
- SassettaStefano di GiovanniStefano di Giovanni di Consolo, known as il Sassetta was an Italian painter.He was born in Siena, although there is also an hypothesis that he was born in Cortona. The first historical record of him was anyway in Siena in 1423. Sassetta was the apprentice of Paolo di Giovanni Fei or Benedetto di...
(Stefano di Giovanni) - Lorenzo di Pietro (Vecchietta)VecchiettaFrancesco di Giorgio e di Lorenzo , known as Vecchietta or Lorenzo di Pietro, was an Italian Sienese School painter, sculptor, goldsmith and architect of the Renaissance...
1451 - 1500
- Nicola di Ulisse
- Matteo di GiovanniMatteo di GiovanniMatteo di Giovanni c. 1430 - 1495) was an Italian Renaissance artist from the Sienese school.-Biography:Matteo di Giovanni di Bartolo was born in Borgo Sansepolcro around 1430. His family relocated to Siena and he is firmly associated with the art of that city...
- Benvenuto di GiovanniBenvenuto di GiovanniBenvenuto di Giovanni, also known as Benvenuto di Giovanni di Meo del Guasta was an Italian painter and artist.Benvenuto was born in Siena and lived and worked there nearly his entire life. Over the course of 43 years he produced numerous panel paintings, frescoes, and manuscripts. He was married...
- Carlo di Giovanni
- Francesco di Giorgio Martini
- Neroccio di Bartolomeo de' LandiNeroccio di Bartolomeo de' LandiNeroccio di Bartolomeo de' Landi was an Italian painter and sculptor of the early-Renaissance or Quattrocento period in Siena.He was a student of Vecchietta, and then he shared a workshop with Francesco di Giorgio from 1468...
- Pietro di Francesco degli OrioliPietro di Francesco degli OrioliPietro di Francesco degli Orioli was an Italian sculptor of the Renaissance period.Pietro Orioli was a renaissance painter who came from the Italian city of Siena in Tuscany...
- Guidoccio Cozzarelli
- Bernardino FungaiBernardino FungaiBernardino Fungai was an Italian painter.Fungai is thought to have studied under local painters in his native city of Siena, despite very little being known of his career. His paintings evince an influence from local Sienese painters and also Pietro Perugino. In 1482, he worked on frescoes for the...
- Pellegrino di Mariano
- Andrea di Niccolò
- Pietro di Domenico
1501–1550
- Girolamo di BenvenutoGirolamo di BenvenutoGirolamo di Benvenuto was an Italian painter of the High Renaissance and son of the painter Benvenuto di Giovanni.-Life:...
- Giacomo PacchiarottiGiacomo PacchiarottiGiacomo Pacchiarotti, sometimes seen as Pacchiarotto was an Italian painter.-Life and Works:He was born in Siena, and worked there...
- Girolamo del PacchiaGirolamo del PacchiaGirolamo del Pacchia , Italian painter, son of a Hungarian cannon-founder, was born, probably in Siena.Having joined a turbulent club named the Bardotti he disappeared from Siena in 1535, when the club was dispersed, and nothing of a later date is known about him...
- Domenico Beccafumi
- Il SodomaIl SodomaIl Sodoma was the name given to the Italian Renaissance painter Giovanni Antonio Bazzi. Il Sodoma painted in a manner that superimposed the High Renaissance style of early 16th-century Rome onto the traditions of the provincial Sienese school; he spent the bulk of his professional life in Siena,...
(Giovanni Antonio Bazzi) - Riccio Sanese (Bartolomeo Neroni)
See also
- Bolognese SchoolBolognese School (painting)The Bolognese School or the School of Bologna of painting flourished in Bologna, the capital of Emilia Romagna, between the 16th and 17th centuries in Italy, and rivalled Florence and Rome as the center of painting. Its most important representatives include the Carracci family, including Ludovico...
- Lucchese SchoolLucchese SchoolThe Lucchese School, also known as the School of Lucca and as the Pisan-Lucchese School, was a school of painting and sculpture that flourished in the 11th and 12th centuries in western and southern Tuscany with an important center in Volterra. The art is mostly anonymous...
- School of FerraraSchool of Ferrara (painting)The School of Ferrara was a group of painters which flourished in the Duchy of Ferrara during the Renaissance. Ferrara was ruled by the Este family, well known for its patronage of the arts. Patronage was extended with the ascent of Ercole d'Este I in 1470, and the family continued in power till...
- Florentine SchoolFlorentine SchoolThe Florentine School refers to artists in, from or influenced by the naturalistic style developed in the 14th century, largely through the efforts of Giotto di Bondone, and in the 15th century the leading school of the world...